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Mountain Weather and Climate is an all-encompassing textbook describing mountain weather and climate processes. Results from several major field programs have been incorporated into this edition, including the European Alpine Experiment, studies of air drainage in the western United States and experiments on air flow over low hills. There are many new figures and selected regional case studies including new material on central Asia, Tibet, Greenland, Antarctica, the Andes, New Zealand, the Alps and equatorial East Africa. Chapters examine topics from human bioclimatology, weather hazards and air pollution, to climate change in mountain regions. Beginning with historical aspects of mountain meteorology, the book deals with the latitudinal, altitudinal and topographic controls of meteorological elements, circulation systems related to orography, and the climatic characteristics of mountains. It is ideal for graduates and researchers in meteorology, climatology, ecology, forestry, glaciology and hydrology.

Mountain climate. --- Climate, Highland --- Climate, Mountain --- Highland climate --- Climatology --- Weather --- Effect of mountains on --- Clima de muntanya --- Climatologia

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Remote sensing. --- Mountains --- Mountain climate. --- Climate, Highland --- Climate, Mountain --- Highland climate --- Climatology --- Weather --- Hills --- Mountain peaks --- Mountain ranges --- Mountain ridges --- Mounts (Mountains) --- Orography --- Orology --- Peaks --- Pinnacles --- Ranges, Mountain --- Ridges, Mountain --- Summits (Mountains) --- Uplands --- Remote-sensing imagery --- Remote sensing systems --- Remote terrain sensing --- Sensing, Remote --- Terrain sensing, Remote --- Aerial photogrammetry --- Aerospace telemetry --- Detectors --- Space optics --- Effect of mountains on

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  This book provides readers with a broad understanding of the fundamental principles driving atmospheric flow over complex terrain and provides historical context for recent developments and future direction for researchers and forecasters. The topics in this book are expanded from those presented at the Mountain Weather Workshop, which took place in Whistler, British Columbia, Canada, August 5-8, 2008. The inspiration for the workshop came from the American Meteorological Society (AMS) Mountain Meteorology Committee and was designed to bridge the gap between the research and forecasting communities by providing a forum for extended discussion and joint education. For academic researchers, this book provides some insight into issues important to the forecasting community. For the forecasting community, this book provides training on fundamentals of atmospheric processes over mountainous regions, which are notoriously difficult to predict. The book also helps to provide a better understanding of current research and forecast challenges, including the latest contributions and advancements to the field. The book begins with an overview of mountain weather and forecasting challenges specific to complex terrain, followed by chapters that focus on diurnal mountain/valley flows that develop under calm conditions and dynamically-driven winds under strong forcing. The focus then shifts to other phenomena specific to mountain regions: Alpine foehn, boundary layer and air quality issues, orographic precipitation processes, and microphysics parameterizations. Having covered the major physical processes, the book shifts to observation and modelling techniques used in mountain regions, including model configuration and parameterizations such as turbulence, and model applications in operational forecasting. The book concludes with a discussion of the current state of research and forecasting in complex terrain, including a vision of how to bridge the gap in the future.   Fotini (Tina) Katopodes Chow  is an associate professor in Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of California, Berkeley. Her current research interests are in performing large-eddy simulations of atmospheric boundary layer flows, with a focus on flow over complex terrain and development and testing of new turbulence models and boundary conditions. She and her students have worked on applications to mountain meteorology, urban dispersion, wind energy, and land-atmosphere coupling, among others.  She received an NSF CAREER award in 2007 and the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE) in 2011. Stephan F. J. De Wekker  is an associate professor in Environmental Sciences at the University of Virginia. His research focuses on the investigation of atmospheric boundary layer processes over complex terrain using a combination of field studies, data analysis, and numerical modeling techniques. He seeks to apply his expertise to problems in a multi-disciplinary context such as found at the interface with ecology, air quality, and hydrology.  He received an NSF CAREER award in 2012. Bradley J. Snyder  is currently Head of Science Transfer and Training at the Pacific Storm Prediction Centre in Vancouver, British Columbia. He is responsible for coordinating forecaster training and acts as liaison between operations and research groups. His focus is on mountain and marine meteorology.  He worked as an operational forecaster for 15 years at various locations across Canada and has undertaken research in radar, lightning, and air quality meteorology. He has also been involved in field studies, including forecasting during the Mesoscale Alpine Programme. .

Weather. --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Meteorology & Climatology --- Weather forecasting --- Mountain climate. --- Research. --- Climate, Highland --- Climate, Mountain --- Highland climate --- Forecasting, Weather --- Short range weather forecasting --- Weather --- Weather prediction --- Forecasting --- Earth sciences. --- Meteorology. --- Atmospheric sciences. --- Earth Sciences. --- Atmospheric Sciences. --- Environmental Monitoring/Analysis. --- Climatology --- Geophysical prediction --- Effect of mountains on --- Monitoring/Environmental Analysis. --- Environmental monitoring. --- Biomonitoring (Ecology) --- Ecological monitoring --- Environmental quality --- Monitoring, Environmental --- Applied ecology --- Environmental engineering --- Pollution --- Aerology --- Atmospheric science --- Atmospheric sciences --- Earth sciences --- Atmosphere --- Measurement --- Monitoring

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This comprehensive work provides insight into problems related to ecosystem fragmentation, health and well-being of high-altitude ecosystems, ecosystem services for food and medicine, and the issue of invasive alien species. This research has been collected by the world's most respected experts in climate change and ecology from Turkey, Pakistan, South America, Malaysia, Nepal, Kirgizistan, Kazakistan, Georgia, Russia, Macedonia, Indonesia, and North America. These experts discuss ecosystem health and productivity, climate change, threats to high-altitude ecosystems, soils, and other limiting environmental factors at high altitudes. The data presented here covers some of the most important mountain ranges in the world, including the Himalayas, Andes, Altai, Tien-Shan, and Caucasus. Climate Change Impacts on High-Altitude Ecosystems focuses on improving our understanding on the effects of climate change on biodiversity and provides insight to young researchers on these fragile ecosystems for their future evaluation.

Life Sciences. --- Conservation Biology/Ecology. --- Climate Change. --- Ecosystems. --- Plant Systematics/Taxonomy/Biogeography. --- Plant Ecology. --- Life sciences. --- Endangered ecosystems. --- Conservation biology. --- Climatic changes. --- Sciences de la vie --- Ecosystèmes menacés --- Biologie de la conservation --- Climat --- Changements --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Ecology --- Mountain ecology. --- Mountain climate. --- Mountain biodiversity. --- Alpine biodiversity --- Alpine region biodiversity --- Diversity, Mountain biological --- Mountain biological diversity --- Mountains --- Sub-alpine biodiversity --- Subalpine biodiversity --- Climate, Highland --- Climate, Mountain --- Highland climate --- Alpine ecology --- Alpine region ecology --- Alpine regions --- Biodiversity --- Plant ecology. --- Ecology. --- Climate change. --- Climatology --- Weather --- Upland ecology --- Effect of mountains on --- Threatened ecosystems --- Biotic communities --- Nature conservation --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic changes --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Botany --- Plants --- Environmental aspects --- Phytoecology --- Vegetation ecology --- Ecology . --- Plant systematics. --- Plant taxonomy. --- Botanical classification --- Botanical systematics --- Botanical taxonomy --- Classification --- Plant biosystematics --- Plant classification --- Plant systematics --- Plant taxonomy --- Systematic botany --- Systematics (Botany) --- Taxonomy, Plant --- Plant taxonomists --- Biocenoses --- Biocoenoses --- Biogeoecology --- Biological communities --- Biomes --- Biotic community ecology --- Communities, Biotic --- Community ecology, Biotic --- Ecological communities --- Ecosystems --- Natural communities --- Population biology --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Floristic ecology --- Global environmental change

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This book is written for general readers with an interest in science, and offers the tools and ideas for understanding how climate change will affect mountains of the American West. A major goal of the book is to provide material that will not become quickly outdated, and it does so by conveying its topics through constants in ecological science that will remain unchanged and scientifically sound. The book is timely in its potential to be a long-term contribution, and is designed to inform the public about climate change in mountains accessibly and intelligibly. The major themes of the book include: 1) mountains of the American West as natural experiments that can distinguish the effects of climate change because they have been relatively free from human-caused changes, 2) mountains as regions with unique sensitivities that may change more rapidly than the Earth as a whole and foreshadow the nature and magnitude of change elsewhere, and 3) different interacting components of ecosystems in the face of a changing climate, including forest growth and mortality, ecological disturbance, and mountain hydrology. Readers will learn how these changes and interactions in mountains illuminate the complexity of ecological changes in other contexts around the world.

Mountain climate --- Climate, Highland --- Climate, Mountain --- Highland climate --- Climatology --- Weather --- Effect of mountains on --- Ecosystems. --- Environment. --- Ecology . --- Environment, general. --- Terrestial Ecology. --- Balance of nature --- Biology --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Biocenoses --- Biocoenoses --- Biogeoecology --- Biological communities --- Biomes --- Biotic community ecology --- Communities, Biotic --- Community ecology, Biotic --- Ecological communities --- Ecosystems --- Natural communities --- Ecology --- Climatic changes. --- Changes, Climatic --- Changes in climate --- Climate change --- Climate change science --- Climate changes --- Climate variations --- Climatic change --- Climatic changes --- Climatic fluctuations --- Climatic variations --- Global climate changes --- Global climatic changes --- Climate change mitigation --- Teleconnections (Climatology) --- Environmental aspects --- Canvi climàtic --- Muntanyes --- Ecologia de les muntanyes --- Estats Units d'Amèrica --- Ecologia alpina --- Ecologia de muntanya --- Ecosistemes de muntanya --- Ecosistemes muntanyosos --- Ecologia --- Flora alpina --- Àrees de muntanya --- Orografia --- Pujols --- Serralades --- Serres (Geografia) --- Turons --- Zones de muntanya --- Espais naturals --- Alpinisme --- Canvis climàtics --- Canvi climàtic global --- Cicles climàtics --- Fluctuacions climàtiques --- Oscil·lacions climàtiques --- Variacions climàtiques --- Climatologia --- Degradació ambiental --- Desertització --- Canvi mediambiental global --- Dendroclimatologia --- Escalfament global --- Paleoclimatologia --- Temperatura atmosfèrica --- E.U.A. --- EE.UU. --- EUA --- Estados Unidos de América --- Estats Units --- U.S.A. --- United States --- United States of America --- USA --- Amèrica del Nord --- Alabama --- Alaska --- Arizona --- Arkansas --- Califòrnia --- Carolina del Nord --- Carolina del Sud --- Colorado --- Connecticut --- Dakota del Nord --- Dakota del Sud --- Delaware --- Florida --- Geòrgia --- Guadalupe Mountains (Estats Units d'Amèrica : Serralada) --- Hawaii --- Idaho --- Illinois --- Indiana --- Iowa --- Kansas --- Kentucky --- Louisiana --- Maine --- Maryland --- Massachusetts --- Michigan --- Minnesota --- Mississipí --- Missouri --- Montana --- Nebraska --- Nevada --- Nou Hampshire --- Nou Mèxic --- Nova Jersey --- Nova York (Estat) --- Oest (Estats Units d'Amèrica) --- Ohio --- Oklahoma --- Oregon --- Pennsilvània --- Rhode Island --- Tennessee --- Texas --- Utah --- Vermont --- Virgínia --- Virgínia de l'Oest --- Washington (Districte de Colúmbia) --- Washington (Estat) --- Wisconsin --- Wyoming --- Yellowstone National Park --- Global environmental change --- Est (Estats Units d'Amèrica)