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Polypharmacy is a necessary and important aspect of drug treatment; however, it becomes a challenge when the medication risks outweigh the benefits for an individual patient. Drug–drug interactions and the introduction of prescribing cascades are common features of polypharmacy, which can lead to ineffectiveness and increased risk of adverse drug reactions (ADR). Genes encoding CYP450 isozymes and other drug-related biomarkers have attracted considerable attention as targets for pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing due to their impact on drug metabolism and response. This Special Issue is devoted to explore the status and initiatives taken to circumvent ineffectiveness and to improve medication safety for polypharmacy patients. Specific areas include drug–drug interactions and consequences thereof in therapeutic management, including PK- and PD-profiling; the application of PGx-based guidance and/or decision tools for drug–gene and drug–drug gene interactions; medication reviews; development and application of deprescribing tools; and drivers and barriers to overcome for successful implementation in the healthcare system.

Medicine --- Pharmaceutical industries --- acute kidney injury --- early biomarker --- plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin --- soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor --- medication optimization --- older patients --- emergency department --- multimorbidity --- polypharmacy --- potentially inappropriate medication use --- older adults --- prevalence --- determinants --- chronic --- outpatient --- 2019 Beers criteria --- Ethiopia --- pharmacogenomics --- persons with diabetes --- drug–drug interactions --- drug–gene interactions --- cytochrome P450 --- SLCO1B1 --- drug interaction checkers --- adverse drug reactions --- pharmacogenetics --- personalized medicine --- phenprocoumon --- DOACs --- bleeding --- thromboembolism --- HLA --- drug hypersensitivity --- abacavir --- allopurinol --- flucloxacillin --- antiepileptic drugs --- cost-effectiveness --- shared medication record --- medication reconciliation --- drug information service --- hospital pharmacy service --- electronic prescribing --- electronic medical record --- clinical pharmacist --- CYP2D6 --- CYP2D7P --- CYP2D8P --- copy number variation --- CNV --- genotyping --- 5’nuclease assay --- HRM --- high resolution melting --- drug metabolization --- extracellular vesicles --- exosomes --- microvesicles --- pharmacogene expression --- medication review --- deprescriptions --- quality of life --- aged --- aged, 80 and over --- nursing homes --- deprescribing --- medication-based risk score --- health outcomes --- cytochromes --- CYP1A2 --- adverse drug reaction --- antipsychotics --- olanzapine --- clozapine --- loxapine --- children --- youth --- digital decision-support --- health services research --- general practice --- process evaluation --- antidepressants --- utility --- population-based --- appropriateness --- medication adherence --- digital health

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Polypharmacy is a necessary and important aspect of drug treatment; however, it becomes a challenge when the medication risks outweigh the benefits for an individual patient. Drug–drug interactions and the introduction of prescribing cascades are common features of polypharmacy, which can lead to ineffectiveness and increased risk of adverse drug reactions (ADR). Genes encoding CYP450 isozymes and other drug-related biomarkers have attracted considerable attention as targets for pharmacogenetic (PGx) testing due to their impact on drug metabolism and response. This Special Issue is devoted to explore the status and initiatives taken to circumvent ineffectiveness and to improve medication safety for polypharmacy patients. Specific areas include drug–drug interactions and consequences thereof in therapeutic management, including PK- and PD-profiling; the application of PGx-based guidance and/or decision tools for drug–gene and drug–drug gene interactions; medication reviews; development and application of deprescribing tools; and drivers and barriers to overcome for successful implementation in the healthcare system.

acute kidney injury --- early biomarker --- plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin --- soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor --- medication optimization --- older patients --- emergency department --- multimorbidity --- polypharmacy --- potentially inappropriate medication use --- older adults --- prevalence --- determinants --- chronic --- outpatient --- 2019 Beers criteria --- Ethiopia --- pharmacogenomics --- persons with diabetes --- drug–drug interactions --- drug–gene interactions --- cytochrome P450 --- SLCO1B1 --- drug interaction checkers --- adverse drug reactions --- pharmacogenetics --- personalized medicine --- phenprocoumon --- DOACs --- bleeding --- thromboembolism --- HLA --- drug hypersensitivity --- abacavir --- allopurinol --- flucloxacillin --- antiepileptic drugs --- cost-effectiveness --- shared medication record --- medication reconciliation --- drug information service --- hospital pharmacy service --- electronic prescribing --- electronic medical record --- clinical pharmacist --- CYP2D6 --- CYP2D7P --- CYP2D8P --- copy number variation --- CNV --- genotyping --- 5’nuclease assay --- HRM --- high resolution melting --- drug metabolization --- extracellular vesicles --- exosomes --- microvesicles --- pharmacogene expression --- medication review --- deprescriptions --- quality of life --- aged --- aged, 80 and over --- nursing homes --- deprescribing --- medication-based risk score --- health outcomes --- cytochromes --- CYP1A2 --- adverse drug reaction --- antipsychotics --- olanzapine --- clozapine --- loxapine --- children --- youth --- digital decision-support --- health services research --- general practice --- process evaluation --- antidepressants --- utility --- population-based --- appropriateness --- medication adherence --- digital health

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Since the 1980s, agriculture and plant breeding have changed with the development of molecular marker technology. In recent decades, different types of molecular markers have been used for different purposes: mapping, marker-assisted selection, characterization of genetic resources, etc. These have produced effective genotyping, but the results have been costly and time-consuming due to the small number of markers that could be tested simultaneously. Recent advances in molecular marker technologies such as the development of high-throughput genotyping platforms, genotyping by sequencing, and the release of the genome sequences of major crop plants have opened new possibilities for advancing crop improvement. This Special Issue collects 16 research studies, including the application of molecular markers in 11 crop species, from the generation of linkage maps and diversity studies to the application of marker-assisted selection and genomic prediction.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- durum wheat --- landraces --- marker-trait association --- root system architecture --- sugarcane --- parental line --- population structure --- plant breeding --- genetic diversity --- simple sequence repeats (SSR) --- Persea americana --- SMRT sequencing --- simple sequence repeat --- genetic relationship --- flavonoid biosynthesis --- fruit coloration --- marker-assisted selection --- microsatellites --- Rubus --- gene prioritization --- linkage disequilibrium --- tropical maize --- brown rice recovery --- milled rice recovery --- head rice recovery --- milling yield traits --- QTL mapping --- rice (Oryza sativa L.) --- tetraploid potato --- SNP markers --- SLAF-seq technology --- high-density genetic linkage map --- genome wide association study --- GWAS water use --- agronomic traits --- MTAs --- candidate genes --- TKW --- sedimentation volume --- SDS --- YR --- drought stress --- association mapping --- QTL hotspot --- seminal root --- gene pyramiding --- aroma --- QTL --- chromosome --- selection --- introgression line --- maize (Zea mays L.) --- Striga resistance/tolerance --- F2:3 biparental mapping --- Marker-assisted selection --- persimmon --- sex determination --- fruit astringency --- molecular markers --- genomics --- genomic selection --- genomic prediction --- whole genome regression --- grain quality --- near infra-red spectroscopy --- cereal crop --- sorghum --- multi-trait --- Triticum aestivum --- mapping population --- leaf rust --- stem rust --- pathogen races --- disease resistance --- apricot --- MAS --- breeding --- MATH --- PPV resistance --- agarose --- ParPMC --- ParPMC2-del --- high resolution melting --- ISBP markers --- drought --- MQTL --- wheat variability --- crop breeding --- genetic maps --- GWAS --- marker assisted selection --- DNA sequencing