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Refugees --- Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.

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MELLO, SERGIO VIEIRA DE, 1948-2003 --- UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS --- UNITED NATIONS HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES --- HUMAN RIGHTS

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This book investigates the rise of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) as a global security actor, following the refugee agency through some of the past two decades’ major conflict-induced humanitarian crises and complex emergencies, including Afghanistan, Bosnia, Iraq, Kosovo and eastern Zaire/Congo. It analyses UNHCR’s momentous transformation from a small, timid legal protection agency to the world’s foremost humanitarian actor playing a central role in the international response to the many wars of the tumultuous last decade of the twentieth century. Then, as the twenty-first century set in, the agency’s political prominence waned. It remains a major humanitarian actor, but the polarized post-9/11 period and a worsening protection climate for refugees and asylum seekers spurred UNHCR to abandon its claim to be a global security actor and return to a more modest, quietly diplomatic role. The rise of UNHCR as a global security actor is placed within the context of the dramatic shift in perceptions of national and international security after the end of the Cold War. Prominent among ‘new’ security issues were the perceived threats posed by refugees and asylum seekers to international security, state stability, and societal cohesion. This book investigates UNHCR’s response to this new international environment; adopting, adapting and finally abandoning a security discourse on the refugee problem.

Security, International --- International cooperation --- International relations --- Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.

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Ethno-cultural and State boundaries seldom overlap. Almost all States have minorities of some kind, with many belonging to communities which transcend State frontiers. These communities often serve as a bridge between States, fostering a climate of dialogue and tolerance. However, when transfrontier cultural ties take on political significance and States unilaterally take steps to defend, protect or support what they describe as “their kin” outside their jurisdiction, there is a risk of political tension or even violence. To what extent and how can States pursue their interests with regard to national minorities abroad without jeopardizing peace and good neighbourly relations? This is the question addressed by the OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities in his Bolzano/Bozen Recommendations on National Minorities in Inter-State Relations. The book analyses the Recommendations from the legal and political/security perspective and engages in more general discussion on how questions of national minorities affect inter-State relations.

Minorities --- Legal status, laws, etc. --- OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities. --- Europe --- Foreign relations.

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Contains a collection of databases developed by the UNHCR Centre for Documentation on Refugees including current country reports, legal and policy-related documents and literature references.

Refugees --- Human rights --- Emigration and immigration law --- Emigration and immigration law. --- Human rights. --- Refugees. --- --Refugees --- --Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees --- Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. --- --Databases --- --Statistics