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Mathematical models of various natural processes are described by differential equations, systems of partial differential equations and integral equations. In most cases, the exact solution to such problems cannot be determined; therefore, one has to use grid methods to calculate an approximate solution using high-performance computing systems. These methods include the finite element method, the finite difference method, the finite volume method and combined methods. In this Special Issue, we bring to your attention works on theoretical studies of grid methods for approximation, stability and convergence, as well as the results of numerical experiments confirming the effectiveness of the developed methods. Of particular interest are new methods for solving boundary value problems with singularities, the complex geometry of the domain boundary and nonlinear equations. A part of the articles is devoted to the analysis of numerical methods developed for calculating mathematical models in various fields of applied science and engineering applications. As a rule, the ideas of symmetry are present in the design schemes and make the process harmonious and efficient.

Information technology industries --- high-order methods --- Brinkman penalization --- discontinuous Galerkin methods --- embedded geometry --- high-order boundary --- IMEX Runge–Kutta methods --- boundary value problems with degeneration of the solution on entire boundary of the domain --- the method of finite elements --- special graded mesh --- multigrid methods --- Hermitian/skew-Hermitian splitting method --- skew-Hermitian triangular splitting method --- strongly non-Hermitian matrix --- lie symmetries --- invariantized difference scheme --- numerical solutions --- finite integration method --- shifted Chebyshev polynomial --- direct and inverse problems --- Volterra integro-differential equation --- Tikhonov regularization method --- quartic spline --- triangulation --- scattered data --- continuity --- surface reconstruction --- positivity-preserving --- interpolation --- jaw crusher --- symmetrical laser cladding path --- FEPG --- wear

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Intensive research in matrix completions, moments, and sums of Hermitian squares has yielded a multitude of results in recent decades. This book provides a comprehensive account of this quickly developing area of mathematics and applications and gives complete proofs of many recently solved problems. With MATLAB codes and more than 200 exercises, the book is ideal for a special topics course for graduate or advanced undergraduate students in mathematics or engineering, and will also be a valuable resource for researchers. Often driven by questions from signal processing, control theory, and quantum information, the subject of this book has inspired mathematicians from many subdisciplines, including linear algebra, operator theory, measure theory, and complex function theory. In turn, the applications are being pursued by researchers in areas such as electrical engineering, computer science, and physics. The book is self-contained, has many examples, and for the most part requires only a basic background in undergraduate mathematics, primarily linear algebra and some complex analysis. The book also includes an extensive discussion of the literature, with close to 600 references from books and journals from a wide variety of disciplines.

Matrices. --- Algebra, Matrix --- Cracovians (Mathematics) --- Matrix algebra --- Matrixes (Algebra) --- Algebra, Abstract --- Algebra, Universal --- Algebras, Linear --- Hermitian forms --- Matrices --- Forms, Hermitian --- Forms (Mathematics) --- Linear algebra --- Generalized spaces --- Mathematical analysis --- Calculus of operations --- Line geometry --- Topology --- Bernstein–Szeg ő measures. --- Carathéodory problem. --- Christoel–Darboux formulas. --- Corona problem. --- Fejéer–Riesz factorization. --- Fejér–Riesz factorization. --- Hamburger problem. --- Hermitian matrices. --- Hermitian matrix expressions. --- Hermitian squares problems. --- Hilbert spaces. --- Hilbert–Schmidt norm control. --- MATLAB codes. --- Nehari problem. --- Nevanlinna–Pick problem. --- Schur complement. --- Toeplitz case. --- Toeplitz matrices. --- banded case. --- chordal case. --- completion problems. --- complex function theory. --- cones. --- contractive completion. --- contractive completions. --- control theory. --- electrical engineering. --- linear algebra. --- mathematics. --- measure theory. --- minimal rank completions. --- multivariables. --- operator theory. --- partial operator matrices. --- positive Carathéodory interpolation. --- positive definite completions. --- positive semidefinite completion. --- quantum information. --- semidefinite completions. --- semidefinite matrices. --- semidefinite operator matrices. --- semidefinite programming. --- separability problem. --- signal processing. --- trigonometric polynomials.

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This book describes the theory and applications of discrete orthogonal polynomials--polynomials that are orthogonal on a finite set. Unlike other books, Discrete Orthogonal Polynomials addresses completely general weight functions and presents a new methodology for handling the discrete weights case. J. Baik, T. Kriecherbauer, K. T.-R. McLaughlin & P. D. Miller focus on asymptotic aspects of general, nonclassical discrete orthogonal polynomials and set out applications of current interest. Topics covered include the probability theory of discrete orthogonal polynomial ensembles and the continuum limit of the Toda lattice. The primary concern throughout is the asymptotic behavior of discrete orthogonal polynomials for general, nonclassical measures, in the joint limit where the degree increases as some fraction of the total number of points of collocation. The book formulates the orthogonality conditions defining these polynomials as a kind of Riemann-Hilbert problem and then generalizes the steepest descent method for such a problem to carry out the necessary asymptotic analysis.

Orthogonal polynomials --- Asymptotic theory --- Orthogonal polynomials -- Asymptotic theory. --- Polynomials. --- Civil & Environmental Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Operations Research --- Asymptotic theory. --- Asymptotic theory of orthogonal polynomials --- Algebra --- Airy function. --- Analytic continuation. --- Analytic function. --- Ansatz. --- Approximation error. --- Approximation theory. --- Asymptote. --- Asymptotic analysis. --- Asymptotic expansion. --- Asymptotic formula. --- Beta function. --- Boundary value problem. --- Calculation. --- Cauchy's integral formula. --- Cauchy–Riemann equations. --- Change of variables. --- Complex number. --- Complex plane. --- Correlation function. --- Degeneracy (mathematics). --- Determinant. --- Diagram (category theory). --- Discrete measure. --- Distribution function. --- Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. --- Equation. --- Estimation. --- Existential quantification. --- Explicit formulae (L-function). --- Factorization. --- Fredholm determinant. --- Functional derivative. --- Gamma function. --- Gradient descent. --- Harmonic analysis. --- Hermitian matrix. --- Homotopy. --- Hypergeometric function. --- I0. --- Identity matrix. --- Inequality (mathematics). --- Integrable system. --- Invariant measure. --- Inverse scattering transform. --- Invertible matrix. --- Jacobi matrix. --- Joint probability distribution. --- Lagrange multiplier. --- Lax equivalence theorem. --- Limit (mathematics). --- Linear programming. --- Lipschitz continuity. --- Matrix function. --- Maxima and minima. --- Monic polynomial. --- Monotonic function. --- Morera's theorem. --- Neumann series. --- Number line. --- Orthogonal polynomials. --- Orthogonality. --- Orthogonalization. --- Parameter. --- Parametrix. --- Pauli matrices. --- Pointwise convergence. --- Pointwise. --- Polynomial. --- Potential theory. --- Probability distribution. --- Probability measure. --- Probability theory. --- Probability. --- Proportionality (mathematics). --- Quantity. --- Random matrix. --- Random variable. --- Rate of convergence. --- Rectangle. --- Rhombus. --- Riemann surface. --- Special case. --- Spectral theory. --- Statistic. --- Subset. --- Theorem. --- Toda lattice. --- Trace (linear algebra). --- Trace class. --- Transition point. --- Triangular matrix. --- Trigonometric functions. --- Uniform continuity. --- Unit vector. --- Upper and lower bounds. --- Upper half-plane. --- Variational inequality. --- Weak solution. --- Weight function. --- Wishart distribution. --- Orthogonal polynomials - Asymptotic theory

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This book develops a general analysis and synthesis framework for impulsive and hybrid dynamical systems. Such a framework is imperative for modern complex engineering systems that involve interacting continuous-time and discrete-time dynamics with multiple modes of operation that place stringent demands on controller design and require implementation of increasing complexity--whether advanced high-performance tactical fighter aircraft and space vehicles, variable-cycle gas turbine engines, or air and ground transportation systems. Impulsive and Hybrid Dynamical Systems goes beyond similar treatments by developing invariant set stability theorems, partial stability, Lagrange stability, boundedness, ultimate boundedness, dissipativity theory, vector dissipativity theory, energy-based hybrid control, optimal control, disturbance rejection control, and robust control for nonlinear impulsive and hybrid dynamical systems. A major contribution to mathematical system theory and control system theory, this book is written from a system-theoretic point of view with the highest standards of exposition and rigor. It is intended for graduate students, researchers, and practitioners of engineering and applied mathematics as well as computer scientists, physicists, and other scientists who seek a fundamental understanding of the rich dynamical behavior of impulsive and hybrid dynamical systems.

Automatic control. --- Control theory. --- Dynamics. --- Discrete-time systems. --- Dynamical systems --- Kinetics --- Mathematics --- Mechanics, Analytic --- Force and energy --- Mechanics --- Physics --- Statics --- Dynamics --- Machine theory --- Control engineering --- Control equipment --- Control theory --- Engineering instruments --- Automation --- Programmable controllers --- DES (System analysis) --- Discrete event systems --- Sampled-data systems --- Digital control systems --- Discrete mathematics --- System analysis --- Linear time invariant systems --- Actuator. --- Adaptive control. --- Algorithm. --- Amplitude. --- Analog computer. --- Arbitrarily large. --- Asymptote. --- Asymptotic analysis. --- Axiom. --- Balance equation. --- Bode plot. --- Boundedness. --- Calculation. --- Center of mass (relativistic). --- Coefficient of restitution. --- Continuous function. --- Convex set. --- Differentiable function. --- Differential equation. --- Dissipation. --- Dissipative system. --- Dynamical system. --- Dynamical systems theory. --- Energy. --- Equations of motion. --- Equilibrium point. --- Escapement. --- Euler–Lagrange equation. --- Exponential stability. --- Forms of energy. --- Hamiltonian mechanics. --- Hamiltonian system. --- Hermitian matrix. --- Hooke's law. --- Hybrid system. --- Identity matrix. --- Inequality (mathematics). --- Infimum and supremum. --- Initial condition. --- Instability. --- Interconnection. --- Invariance theorem. --- Isolated system. --- Iterative method. --- Jacobian matrix and determinant. --- Lagrangian (field theory). --- Lagrangian system. --- Lagrangian. --- Likelihood-ratio test. --- Limit cycle. --- Limit set. --- Linear function. --- Linearization. --- Lipschitz continuity. --- Lyapunov function. --- Lyapunov stability. --- Mass balance. --- Mathematical optimization. --- Melting. --- Mixture. --- Moment of inertia. --- Momentum. --- Monotonic function. --- Negative feedback. --- Nonlinear programming. --- Nonlinear system. --- Nonnegative matrix. --- Optimal control. --- Ordinary differential equation. --- Orthant. --- Parameter. --- Partial differential equation. --- Passive dynamics. --- Poincaré conjecture. --- Potential energy. --- Proof mass. --- Quantity. --- Rate function. --- Requirement. --- Robust control. --- Second law of thermodynamics. --- Semi-infinite. --- Small-gain theorem. --- Special case. --- Spectral radius. --- Stability theory. --- State space. --- Stiffness. --- Supply (economics). --- Telecommunication. --- Theorem. --- Transpose. --- Uncertainty. --- Uniform boundedness. --- Uniqueness. --- Vector field. --- Vibration. --- Zeroth (software). --- Zeroth law of thermodynamics.

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In this classic work, Anthony W. Knapp offers a survey of representation theory of semisimple Lie groups in a way that reflects the spirit of the subject and corresponds to the natural learning process. This book is a model of exposition and an invaluable resource for both graduate students and researchers. Although theorems are always stated precisely, many illustrative examples or classes of examples are given. To support this unique approach, the author includes for the reader a useful 300-item bibliography and an extensive section of notes.

Semisimple Lie groups. --- Representations of groups. --- Groupes de Lie semi-simples --- Représentations de groupes --- Semisimple Lie groups --- Representations of groups --- Semi-simple Lie groups --- Lie groups --- Group representation (Mathematics) --- Groups, Representation theory of --- Group theory --- Représentations de groupes --- 512.547 --- 512.547 Linear representations of abstract groups. Group characters --- Linear representations of abstract groups. Group characters --- Abelian group. --- Admissible representation. --- Algebra homomorphism. --- Analytic function. --- Analytic proof. --- Associative algebra. --- Asymptotic expansion. --- Automorphic form. --- Automorphism. --- Bounded operator. --- Bounded set (topological vector space). --- Cartan subalgebra. --- Cartan subgroup. --- Category theory. --- Characterization (mathematics). --- Classification theorem. --- Cohomology. --- Complex conjugate representation. --- Complexification (Lie group). --- Complexification. --- Conjugate transpose. --- Continuous function (set theory). --- Degenerate bilinear form. --- Diagram (category theory). --- Dimension (vector space). --- Dirac operator. --- Discrete series representation. --- Distribution (mathematics). --- Eigenfunction. --- Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. --- Existence theorem. --- Explicit formulae (L-function). --- Fourier inversion theorem. --- General linear group. --- Group homomorphism. --- Haar measure. --- Heine–Borel theorem. --- Hermitian matrix. --- Hilbert space. --- Holomorphic function. --- Hyperbolic function. --- Identity (mathematics). --- Induced representation. --- Infinitesimal character. --- Integration by parts. --- Invariant subspace. --- Invertible matrix. --- Irreducible representation. --- Jacobian matrix and determinant. --- K-finite. --- Levi decomposition. --- Lie algebra. --- Locally integrable function. --- Mathematical induction. --- Matrix coefficient. --- Matrix group. --- Maximal compact subgroup. --- Meromorphic function. --- Metric space. --- Nilpotent Lie algebra. --- Norm (mathematics). --- Parity (mathematics). --- Plancherel theorem. --- Projection (linear algebra). --- Quantifier (logic). --- Reductive group. --- Representation of a Lie group. --- Representation theory. --- Schwartz space. --- Semisimple Lie algebra. --- Set (mathematics). --- Sign (mathematics). --- Solvable Lie algebra. --- Special case. --- Special linear group. --- Special unitary group. --- Subgroup. --- Summation. --- Support (mathematics). --- Symmetric algebra. --- Symmetrization. --- Symplectic group. --- Tensor algebra. --- Tensor product. --- Theorem. --- Topological group. --- Topological space. --- Topological vector space. --- Unitary group. --- Unitary matrix. --- Unitary representation. --- Universal enveloping algebra. --- Variable (mathematics). --- Vector bundle. --- Weight (representation theory). --- Weyl character formula. --- Weyl group. --- Weyl's theorem. --- ZPP (complexity). --- Zorn's lemma.