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Helena Blavatsky --- theosophy --- psychic --- occutlism --- G.B. Shaw --- William Butler Yeats --- spirituality --- enlightenment

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theosophy --- religion --- occult science --- the Theosophical Society --- Henry Steel Olcott --- hypnotism --- mesmerism --- spiritualism --- India --- Buddhism --- Zoroastrianism --- Helena Blavatsky --- Victorian occult philosophy

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This introduction to the Western esoteric traditions offers a concise overview of their historical development. The author explores these traditions, from their roots in Hermeticism, Neo-Platonism, and Gnosticism in the early Christian era up to their reverberations in modern day's scientific paradigms.

Occultism. --- Occultisme --- history of esotericism --- Western esoteric traditions --- Italy --- Renaissance --- magic --- cabala --- alchemy --- Paracelsus --- German Naturphilosophie --- Jacob Boehme --- theosophy --- Rosicrucianism --- Freemasonry --- Illuminism --- Emanuel Swedenborg --- Mesmerism --- spiritualism --- ritual magic --- Helena Blavatsky --- the Theosphical Society

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Historians of religion have examined at length the Protestant Reformation and the liberal idea of the self-governing individual that arose from it. In Spiritual Despots, J. Barton Scott reveals an unexamined piece of this story: how Protestant technologies of asceticism became entangled with Hindu spiritual practices to create an ideal of the "self-ruling subject" crucial to both nineteenth-century reform culture and early twentieth-century anticolonialism in India. Scott uses the quaint term "priestcraft" to track anticlerical polemics that vilified religious hierarchy, celebrated the individual, and endeavored to reform human subjects by freeing them from external religious influence. By drawing on English, Hindi, and Gujarati reformist writings, Scott provides a panoramic view of precisely how the specter of the crafty priest transformed religion and politics in India. Through this alternative genealogy of the self-ruling subject, Spiritual Despots demonstrates that Hindu reform movements cannot be understood solely within the precolonial tradition, but rather need to be read alongside other movements of their period. The book's focus moves fluidly between Britain and India-engaging thinkers such as James Mill, Keshub Chunder Sen, Max Weber, Karsandas Mulji, Helena Blavatsky, M. K. Gandhi, and others-to show how colonial Hinduism shaped major modern discourses about the self. Throughout, Scott sheds much-needed light how the rhetoric of priestcraft and practices of worldly asceticism played a crucial role in creating a new moral and political order for twentieth-century India and demonstrates the importance of viewing the emergence of secularism through the colonial encounter.

Hinduism --- Hindu renewal --- Anti-clericalism --- Church and state --- Clergy --- Clericalism --- Hindu reform --- Reform of Hinduism --- Renewal of Hinduism --- Religions --- Brahmanism --- History --- Reform --- Renewal --- E-books --- Hinduism - India - History --- hinduism, self rule, independence, protestant reformation, self-governing, individual, asceticism, hindu, spirituality, religion, christianity, subject, reform, politics, control, authority, anticolonialism, priestcraft, priest, india, secularism, colonialism, gandhi, helena blavatsky, karsandas mulji, max weber, keshub chunder sen, james mill, despotism, ethics, nonfiction.

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"Featuring a selection of women artists active between 1890 to 1924, this book investigates divergent responses to the dramatic historical events and structural transformations during the early twentieth century. It reveals their efforts, with greater or relative success, to negotiate the competitive market economy of the late Wilhelmine empire and the uncertainties of the early Weimar Republic. In examining these artists, Shulamith Behr uncovers the overlooked importance of women's emancipative ideals to the development of avant-garde culture. Behr explores the richness of the women's engagement with and shaping of Expressionism, the modern art movement noted for its intention to express the emotional-rather than physical-reality of the artist. Behr examines the posthumous critical reception of Paula Modersohn-Becker as a prime agent of the feminization of the movement; Käthe Kollwitz's use of printmaking as a vehicle for technical innovation and socio-political commentary; and the dynamic relationship between Marianne Werefkin and Gabriele Münter, including their different national and cultural origins and paths towards Expressionism in the Blaue Reiter, a group of artists that included Wassily Kandinsky and Paul Klee. Additional chapters examine the role of Herwarth Walden's and Nell Walden's role as art dealers who promoted women Expressionists during the First World War, Münter's encounter with Swedish Expressionism in Scandinavia, and the recognition of Dutch-born abstractionist Jacoba van Heemskerck as an honorary German Expressionist"--

Aesthetic Theory. --- Anarchism. --- Applied arts. --- Art criticism. --- Art dealer. --- Art exhibition. --- Art. --- Authoritarianism. --- Avant-garde. --- Ayn Rand. --- Ballet company. --- Capitalism. --- Career. --- Color theory. --- Communist state. --- Consideration. --- Contemporary art. --- Counter-revolutionary. --- Curator. --- Degenerate art. --- Der Blaue Reiter. --- Der Sturm. --- Domestic violence. --- Eritrea. --- Eroticism. --- Essay. --- Ethnic conflict. --- Explanation. --- Expressionism. --- FRELIMO. --- Female. --- Femininity. --- Feminism. --- Feminist art. --- Feminist movement. --- Feminist theory. --- Figurative art. --- Fine art. --- Gender identity. --- Geopolitics. --- Gertrude Himmelfarb. --- Gesamtkunstwerk. --- Helena Blavatsky. --- Herbert Spencer. --- Housewife. --- Iconography. --- Ideology. --- Impressionism. --- Individualist feminism. --- Jewish Women's Archive. --- Judith Butler. --- Käthe Kollwitz. --- Lecture. --- Libertarianism. --- Liberty Fund. --- Maternalism. --- Modern art. --- Modernity. --- Mother. --- Mural. --- Murray Rothbard. --- Nancy Fraser. --- Nicaragua. --- Oil painting. --- Painting. --- Persecution. --- Philosopher. --- Poetry. --- Political philosophy. --- Private collection. --- Prostitution. --- Psychoanalysis. --- Public sphere. --- Publication. --- Rachel Maddow. --- Radicalism (historical). --- Rainer Maria Rilke. --- Regime. --- Rosa Schapire. --- Routledge. --- Sally Hemings. --- Sandinista National Liberation Front. --- Slave rebellion. --- Social Darwinism. --- Stalinism. --- Suffragette. --- Surrealism. --- The Rachel Maddow Show. --- Thought. --- Tirana. --- Visual arts. --- Woman with a Hat. --- Women artists. --- Women's Social and Political Union. --- Women's club (United States). --- Women's suffrage. --- Woodcut. --- Work of art. --- Worpswede. --- Writing.