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Sign language interpreters often offer the primary avenue of access for deaf and hard of hearing students in public schools. More than 80% of all deaf children today are mainstreamed, and few of their teachers sign well enough to provide them with full access. As a result, many K-12 interpreters perform multiple roles beyond interpreting. Yet, very little is known about what they actually do and what factors inform their moment-to-moment decisions. This volume presents the range of activities and responsibilities performed by educational interpreters, and illuminates what they consider when making decisions. To learn about the roles of K-12 interpreters, author Melissa B. Smith conducted in-depth analyses at three different schools. She learned that in response to what interpreters feel that their deaf students need, many focus on three key areas: 1) visual access, 2) language and learning, and 3) social and academic participation/inclusion. To best serve their deaf students in these contexts, they perform five critical functions: they assess and respond to the needs and abilities of deaf students; they interpret with or without modification as they deem appropriate; they capitalize on available resources; they rely on interactions with teachers and students to inform their choices; and they take on additional responsibilities as the need arises.

Deaf students. --- Deaf children --- Interpreters for the deaf. --- Teachers of the deaf. --- Deaf --- Deaf, Interpreters for --- Sign language interpreters --- Translators --- Hearing impaired students --- Education. --- Translating services --- Means of communication --- Interpreters for deaf people. --- Teachers for deaf people.

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"Many students struggle with the transition from high school to the next stage of their lives. For deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) students, that struggle can be intensified by barriers and discriminatory attitudes they face in their communities, schools, and workplaces. Though much progress has been made, they are often underemployed and underpaid, and they receive postsecondary training at lower rates than other disability groups. Author Pamela Luft explores the reasons for these statistics and offers strategies and resources that can improve outcomes. Promoting Positive Transition Outcomes is the most comprehensive discussion of transition planning and results for DHH students now available. Luft begins with an overview of the historical and current challenges to DHH students and their academic and vocational potential. She explores the importance of forming an identity and building foundational social and problem-solving skills. She then reviews the history of rehabilitation and workforce legislation, which now mandates that every student with an individualized education plan (IEP) have a transition plan in place by the age of 16. Most schools, however, are not equipped to meet the needs of a population as diverse as DHH students. She examines the services that are currently available in high schools and offers recommendations for strengthening transition team planning by reaching out to external experts. The volume concludes with suggestions for creating a framework to address the challenges of transition planning for deaf and hard of hearing students and offers guidance on building effective plans"-- "Many students struggle with the transition from high school to the next stage of their lives. For deaf and hard of hearing students, that struggle can be intensified by barriers and discriminatory attitudes. Author examines services that are currently available in high schools and offers recommendations"--

Deaf students --- Hearing impaired students --- Deaf youth --- Educational counseling. --- Vocational guidance. --- Educational guidance --- Guidance, Educational --- Guidance, School --- Guidance, Student --- Personnel service in education --- School counseling --- School guidance --- Student counseling --- Student guidance --- Students --- Counseling --- School principal-counselor relationships --- Vocational guidance --- Youth --- Students with disabilities --- Business, Choice of --- Career choice --- Career counseling --- Career patterns --- Career planning --- Careers --- Choice of profession --- Guidance, Vocational --- Occupation, Choice of --- Occupational choice --- Profession, Choice of --- Vocation, Choice of --- Vocational opportunities --- Educational counseling --- Occupations --- Professions --- Services for. --- Counseling of --- Hard of hearing students