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Stunting is a major public health problem that results from inadequate nutritional intake over a long period of time. Disasters have major implications in poor and vulnerable children. The aim of this study is, therefore, to assess the impact of disasters on child stunting in Nepal. Method: Sample of size 2111 children aged 6-59 months were obtained from the 2011 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey. We used Bivariate and multivariate analyses to examine moderate and severe stunting against disaster, controlling for other possible confounders. Result: Out of total study sample, 43% were stunted (17.1% severely and 25.9% were moderately stunted). The final mode!, after adjusting for confounders, showed that disaster has no impact on child stunting [adjusted OR = 1.14, 95%CI: 0.66, 1.97 and adjusted OR=l.04, 95%CI: 0.66, 1.65 for severe and moderate stunting respectively for epidemics] and [adjusted OR = 0.58, 95%CI: 0.31, 1.06 and adjusted OR=0.66, 95%CI: 0.41, 1.04 for severe and moderate stunting respectively for floods]. However, children aged 6-11 months; non-vaccinated child, children of working women, children who live mountainous area and children from poorest household were more likely to be moderately stunted. Similarly, child aged: 06-4Tmonths, Dalit and other ethnic groups, children from rural setting and children from poorest households were more likely to be severely stunted.Conclusion: This paper illustrates the need to rethink about child stunting in Nepal. The study suggests need for further research, integration of disaster data in NDHS, educational interventions, public awareness, promotion of vaccination and equity in health service delivery.
Child Nutrition Disorders --- Health Impact Assessment --- Disasters
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Vector Borne Diseases --- Health Impact Assessment --- Assessment, Health Impact --- Assessments, Health Impact --- Health Impact Assessments --- Impact Assessment, Health --- Impact Assessments, Health --- Vector-Borne Diseases --- Vectorborne Diseases --- Mosquito Borne Diseases --- Mosquito-Borne Diseases --- Mosquito Borne Disease --- Mosquito-Borne Disease --- Vector Borne Disease --- Vector-Borne Disease --- Vectorborne Disease --- Vector Borne Diseases. --- Health Impact Assessment.
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Thousands of scenarios are used to provide updated estimates for the impacts of climate change on extreme poverty in 2030. The range of the number of people falling into poverty due to climate change is between 32 million and 132 million in most scenarios. These results are commensurate with available estimates for the global poverty increase due to COVID-19. Socioeconomic drivers play a major role: optimistic baseline scenarios (rapid and inclusive growth with universal access to basic services in 2030) halve poverty impacts compared with the pessimistic baselines. Health impacts (malaria, diarrhea, and stunting) and the effect of food prices are responsible for most of the impact. The effect of food prices is the most important factor in Sub-Saharan Africa, while health effects, natural disasters, and food prices are all important in South Asia. These results suggest that accelerated action to boost resilience is urgent, and the COVID-19 recovery packages offer opportunities to do so.
Access To Basic Services --- Climate Change --- Climate Change and Environment --- Climate Change and Health --- Climate Change Impacts --- Climate Resilience --- Extreme Poverty --- Food Prices --- Food Security --- Health Impact --- Inequality --- Natural Disasters --- Socioeconomic Pathways --- Uncertainty
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Public health --- Research --- Research. --- Community health --- Health services --- Hygiene, Public --- Hygiene, Social --- Public health services --- Public hygiene --- Sanitary affairs --- Social hygiene --- health impact assessment --- public health --- health policy --- Health --- Human services --- Biosecurity --- Health literacy --- Medicine, Preventive --- National health services --- Sanitation --- Public Health - General
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Environmental Advances is an international and fully Open Access journal supporting the rapid publication of peer-reviewed original research articles, short communications and review papers dealing with all aspects of the environmental sciences.
Environmental Science. --- Environmental Health. --- Environmental sciences --- Environmental Health Science --- Health, Environmental --- Environmental Health Sciences --- Environmental Healths --- Health Science, Environmental --- Health Sciences, Environmental --- Healths, Environmental --- Science, Environmental Health --- Sciences, Environmental Health --- Ecology --- Environmental Sciences --- Science, Environmental --- Sciences, Environmental --- environment --- global warming --- green chemistry --- health impact --- waste --- water
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How communities can collaborate across systems and sectors to address environmental health disparities; with case studies from Rochester, New York; Duluth, Minnesota; and Southern California. Low-income and marginalized urban communities often suffer disproportionate exposure to environmental hazards, leaving residents vulnerable to associated health problems. Community groups, academics, environmental justice advocates, government agencies, and others have worked to address these issues, building coalitions at the local level to change the policies and systems that create environmental health inequities. In Bridging Silos, Katrina Smith Korfmacher examines ways that communities can collaborate across systems and sectors to address environmental health disparities, with in-depth studies of three efforts to address long-standing environmental health issues: childhood lead poisoning in Rochester, New York; unhealthy built environments in Duluth, Minnesota; and pollution related to commercial ports and international trade in Southern California. All three efforts were locally initiated, driven by local stakeholders, and each addressed issues long known to the community by reframing an old problem in a new way. These local efforts leveraged resources to impact community change by focusing on inequities in environmental health, bringing diverse kinds of knowledge to bear, and forging new connections among existing community, academic, and government groups. Korfmacher explains how the once integrated environmental and public health management systems had become separated into self-contained “silos,” and compares current efforts to bridge these separations to the development of ecosystem management in the 1990s. Community groups, government agencies, academic institutions, and private institutions each have a role to play, but collaborating effectively requires stakeholders to appreciate their partners' diverse incentives, capacities, and constraints.
Environmental health --- Public health --- United States --- Environmental policy --- Environmental justice --- Health equity --- Local environmental policy --- Health in All Policies --- Policies Systems and Environments --- Childhood lead poisoning --- Air quality --- Built environment --- Healthy communities --- Health Impact Assessment --- housing --- housing policy --- urban planning --- brownfields --- food access --- food deserts --- transportation --- southern California --- poverty --- systems change --- United States.
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Health Impact Assessment. --- Food Industry --- Food Safety. --- Nutrition Policy. --- Health risk assessment --- Food industry and trade --- Food --- Nutrition policy --- Risques pour la santé --- Aliments --- Politique alimentaire --- history. --- History --- Health aspects. --- Safety measures --- Evaluation --- Industrie et commerce --- Histoire --- Aspect sanitaire --- Sécurité --- Mesures
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Tobacco-use-related diseases are the main cause of mortality in Moldova, where tobacco consumption is widely spread, especially among men. In addition to health concerns, tobacco consumption has economic consequences, as households spend substantial resources on tobacco and related out-of-pocket medical costs. Tobacco tax increases are one of the most effective measures to reduce tobacco consumption, but are usually believed to be regressive, taxing the poor proportionally more than the rich. This paper estimates the tobacco price elasticity of demand for Moldova by income decile and undertakes an extended cost-benefit analysis to estimate the distributional effect of a rise in tobacco taxes on income distribution. The paper's main findings are that a tobacco price increase would generate a rise in expenditure deriving from direct tobacco price increases, but would reduce the costs of out-of-pocket medical expenses. Based on these two factors, the net effect of a tobacco tax increase would be progressive in the analyzed cases, ultimately benefitting the incomes of the lower-income groups in the population.
Disease Control & Prevention --- Health Economics & Finance --- Health Impact --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Income Distribution --- Industry --- Mortality --- Price Elasticity --- Public Health Promotion --- Regressive Tax --- Science and Technology Development --- Sin Tax --- Taxation --- Technology Industry --- Technology Innovation --- Tobacco --- Tobacco Tax --- Tobacco Use and Control
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This Special Issue was launched to promote a subject that is deserving of more attention: the study of new metrics, indicators or evaluation methods for noise exposure, and the relationship of noise with annoyance or other health effects, thus not relying only on an average noise exposure measure. This Special Issue on the theme of the New Indicators for the Assessment and Prevention of Noise Nuisance has attracted the interest of authors from all over the world, with the publication of two reviews and two communications, as well as original research papers. Progress has been made in the investigated topic; however, it is still necessary to increase the awareness of the population, both in geographical terms and for workers in specific sectors, such as the marine industry. It emerged that it is essential to carry out future studies that distinguish better between different sound sources with respect to their sound quality in terms of frequency, time pattern (fluctuation, emergence), and psychoacoustic indices, because a differential human reaction to sound sources is increasingly evident. More longitudinal studies are required. However, cross-sectional studies employing a more detailed soundscape description (including background) by competing sound indices are also useful to further the required knowledge to understand the human response in terms of the broad spectrum of potential adverse effects on health and quality of life.
Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- sound emergence --- legislation --- annoyance --- measurement --- prediction --- uncertainty --- audibility --- signal-to-noise ratio --- sound pressure level --- field measurements --- spectrum analysis --- interior noise and vibration of vehicle --- COVID-19 --- noise --- soundscape --- metrics --- indicators --- descriptors --- sound --- lockdown --- Twitter --- geolocation --- noise classification --- seafarers --- acoustic pollution --- noise onboard ship --- health impact --- environmental pollution --- noise survey --- hypertension --- environmental noise --- railway noise --- recreational noise --- airport noise --- road traffic noise --- blood pressure --- noise annoyance --- diastolic blood pressure --- helicopter cabin --- noise levels --- noise reduction --- acoustic evaluation --- IAR Puma 330 --- ultrasound --- active noise control --- adjustable PAL --- quiet areas --- macro-temporal pattern --- noise indicator --- cognitive performance --- Stroop task --- listening experiment --- port noise --- noise sources --- noise mapping --- noise mitigations --- noise modeling --- ship noise --- sustainable management --- noise exposure prevention --- noise measurements --- research projects --- noise indicators --- noise metrics --- psychoacoustic --- nuisance --- sleep disturbance --- peak noise --- impulsive events --- health related quality of life --- health effects
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Alcohol is often perceived as an under-rated risk factor for human health. This book corrects these misperceptions and misinformation by providing up to date reviews and publications that consider the impact of alcoholic beverages on human health in the domains of toxicity, carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, foetal toxicity, neurotoxicity, impacts of alcohol on the gastro-intestinal system (including nutrient deficiencies), cardiovascular system, injuries, body weight and communicable diseases. The reprint considers how the impact of alcohol on human health can be mitigated – through, for example, improved labelling on nutrients and health warnings, better policy measures, and actions by alcohol producers on their products through reformulation to lower alcoholic strength.
Public health & preventive medicine --- alcoholism --- evolution --- fermentation --- frugivory --- Homo --- primate --- yeast --- alcohol --- patterns of drinking --- disease --- mortality --- dose response --- monotonous --- protective effects --- curvilinear --- alcohol control policy --- injury --- review --- risk --- morbidity --- policy --- intervention --- public health --- alcohol industry --- Canada --- body weight --- obesity --- eating dietary intake --- drinking pattern --- labelling --- health warning labels --- effectiveness --- implementation --- burden of disease --- death --- disability --- infectious diseases --- non-communicable diseases --- injuries --- global --- no-alcohol products --- low-alcohol products --- production --- consumption --- health impact --- gut --- liver --- cirrhosis --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- microbiome --- acetaldehyde --- oxidative stress --- inflammation --- one carbon metabolism --- lipid metabolism --- DNA damage --- cancer --- carcinogenesis --- communicable diseases --- HIV --- tuberculosis --- pneumonia --- severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 --- alcohol drinking --- binge drinking --- cardiovascular diseases --- ischaemic heart disease --- hypertension --- stroke --- fetal --- fetal alcohol spectrum disorder --- pregnancy --- risk assessment --- hepatotoxicity --- dose–response relationship --- margin of exposure --- epidemiological methods --- brain --- addiction --- n/a --- dose-response relationship
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