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Health insurance --- Employee fringe benefits --- Cost Control. --- Employer Health Costs. --- Health Benefit Plans, Employee --- Law and legislation --- economics. --- organization & administration. --- Law and legislation. --- United States.

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Health insurance provided by employers is a key source of coverage for both employees and their families. In 2000, more private-sector employees obtained family coverage health insurance through their employers than single, self-only coverage. According to the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, conducted by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, those employees with family coverage contributed both a larger dollar amount and a larger percent of the total premium for their coverage than did employees with single coverage.

Employer-sponsored health insurance --- Health insurance. --- Health Benefit Plans, Employee --- Employer Health Costs. --- Insurance, Health --- Private Sector. --- Costs. --- economics. --- economics. --- United States.

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This paper provides an overview of research on out-of-pocket health expenditures, reviewing the various summary measures and the results of multi-country studies using these measures. The paper presents estimates for 146 countries from all World Bank income groups for all summary measures, along with correlations between the summary measures and macroeconomic and health system indicators. Large differences emerge across countries in per capita out-of-pocket expenditures in 2011 international dollars, driven in large part by differences in per capita income and the share of gross domestic product spent on health. The two measures of dispersion or risk-the coefficient of variation and Q90/Q50-are only weakly correlated across countries and not explained by the macroeconomic and health system indicators. Considerable variation emerges in the out-of-pocket health expenditure budget share, which is highly correlated with the incidence of "catastrophic" expenditures. Out-of-pocket expenditures tend to be regressive and catastrophic expenditures tend to be concentrated among the poor when expenditures are assessed relative to income, while expenditures tend to be progressive and catastrophic expenditures tend to be concentrated among the rich when expenditures are assessed relative to consumption. At the extreme poverty line of USD 1.90-a-day, most impoverishment due to out-of-pocket expenditures occurs among low-income countries.

Financial Protection --- Health Care Services Industry --- Health Costs --- Health Economics and Finance --- Health Finance --- Health Insurance --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Inequality --- Labor and Employment Law --- Poverty Reduction --- Sdgs --- Sustainable Development Goals

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Health Care Costs. --- Pulmonary Embolism --- Tomography, X-Ray Computed --- Diagnostic Imaging --- Embolism, Pulmonary --- Embolisms, Pulmonary --- Pulmonary Embolisms --- Pulmonary Thromboembolisms --- Thromboembolisms, Pulmonary --- Pulmonary Thromboembolism --- Thromboembolism, Pulmonary --- Infarction --- Costs, Medical Care --- Health Costs --- Healthcare Costs --- Medical Care Costs --- Treatment Costs --- Cost, Health --- Cost, Health Care --- Cost, Healthcare --- Cost, Medical Care --- Cost, Treatment --- Costs, Health --- Costs, Health Care --- Costs, Healthcare --- Costs, Treatment --- Health Care Cost --- Health Cost --- Healthcare Cost --- Medical Care Cost --- Treatment Cost --- Health Expenditures --- economics. --- radiography. --- Theses --- Health Care Costs --- economics --- radiography

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Medical care --- Medical care, Cost of --- Soins médicaux --- Économie de la santé --- Medical care, Cost of. --- Health Services Needs and Demand --- Finance --- Finances --- Coût --- Finance. --- economics. --- Business and management --- Delivery of Health Care --- Economics, Medical. --- Health Care Costs. --- Cost of medical care --- Health care costs --- Health care expenditures --- Medical costs --- Medical expenses --- Medical service, Cost of --- Medicine --- Medical economics --- Medical savings accounts --- Delivery of health care --- Delivery of medical care --- Health care --- Health care delivery --- Health services --- Healthcare --- Medical and health care industry --- Medical services --- Personal health services --- Public health --- Costs, Medical Care --- Health Costs --- Healthcare Costs --- Medical Care Costs --- Treatment Costs --- Cost, Health --- Cost, Health Care --- Cost, Healthcare --- Cost, Medical Care --- Cost, Treatment --- Costs, Health --- Costs, Health Care --- Costs, Healthcare --- Costs, Treatment --- Health Care Cost --- Health Cost --- Healthcare Cost --- Medical Care Cost --- Treatment Cost --- Health Expenditures --- Medical Economics --- Costs --- economics --- Opieka zdrowotna --- Soins médicaux --- Économie de la santé --- Opieka zdrowotna. --- Coût