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This paper summarizes the literature on the impact of state subsidized or social health insurance schemes that have been offered, mostly on a voluntary basis, to the informal sector in low- and middle-income countries. A substantial number of papers provide estimations of average treatment on the treated effect for insured persons. The authors summarize papers that correct for the problem of self-selection into insurance and papers that estimate the average intention to treat effect. Summarizing the literature was difficult because of the lack of (1) uniformity in the use of meaningful definitions of outcomes that indicate welfare improvements and (2) clarity in the consideration of selection issues. They find the uptake of insurance schemes, in many cases, to be less than expected. In general, we find no strong evidence of an impact on utilization, protection from financial risk, and health status. However, a few insurance schemes afford significant protection from high levels of out-of-pocket expenditures. In these cases, however, the impact on the poor is weaker. More information is needed to understand the reasons for low enrollment and to explain the limited impact of health insurance among the insured.

Health Economics & Finance --- Health Insurance --- Health insurance --- Health Law --- Health Monitoring & Evaluation --- Health Systems Development & Reform --- Health-care utilization --- Insurance & Risk Mitigation --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Out-of-pocket expenditures

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This paper evaluates the equity and financial protection implications of the expansion of the Green Card (Yesil Kart) non-contributory health insurance program in Turkey during the growth years from 2003 to 2008. It also considers the program's protective impact during the economic crisis in 2009. The authors find that the rapid expansion of the program between 2003 and 2008 was highly progressive. It led to significant gains in coverage of the poor but offered limited financial protection as out-of-pocket expenditures even before the introduction of the program had been limited. Using a specialized welfare monitoring survey, fielded in 2009, the authors estimate the impact of the program on household level health care utilization during the first phase of the economic slowdown in Turkey. Using three different estimation techniques, they find that the Green Card program had a significantly positive impact on protecting health care utilization during the crisis.

Financial crisis --- Green Card --- Health care utilization --- Health Economics & Finance --- Health insurance coverage of the poor --- Health Law --- Health Monitoring & Evaluation --- Health Systems Development & Reform --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- Housing & Human Habitats --- Out-of-pocket health expenditures --- Social Development --- Social protection --- Turkey

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Health attitudes --- Health behavior --- Sick --- Attitude to Health --- Patient Acceptance of Health Care. --- Sick Role --- Behavior, Health --- Health habits --- Diseases --- Habit --- Human behavior --- Medicine and psychology --- Health --- Hygiene --- Attitude (Psychology) --- Role, Sick --- Roles, Sick --- Sick Roles --- Illness Behavior --- Acceptability of Healthcare --- Acceptors of Health Care --- Health Care Utilization --- Nonacceptors of Health Care --- Patient Acceptance of Healthcare --- Acceptability of Health Care --- Health Care Seeking Behavior --- Care Acceptor, Health --- Care Acceptors, Health --- Care Nonacceptor, Health --- Care Nonacceptors, Health --- Health Care Acceptability --- Health Care Acceptor --- Health Care Acceptors --- Health Care Nonacceptor --- Health Care Nonacceptors --- Healthcare Acceptabilities --- Healthcare Acceptability --- Healthcare Patient Acceptance --- Healthcare Patient Acceptances --- Utilization, Health Care --- Delivery of Health Care --- Patient Satisfaction --- Health Attitude --- Attitude, Health --- Attitudes, Health --- Health Attitudes --- Health, Attitude to --- Public Opinion --- Illness behavior --- Sick role --- Psychology, Applied --- Psychology --- Causes and theories of causation --- Public opinion --- Psychological aspects --- Social medicine --- Patient Acceptance of Health Care

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Medical anthropology --- Social medicine --- Anthropology --- Cross-Cultural Comparison. --- Delivery of Health Care --- Patient Acceptance of Health Care. --- #SBIB:39A9 --- Medical care --- Medical sociology --- Medicine --- Medicine, Social --- Public health --- Public welfare --- Sociology --- Medical ethics --- Medical sociologists --- Acceptability of Healthcare --- Acceptors of Health Care --- Health Care Utilization --- Nonacceptors of Health Care --- Patient Acceptance of Healthcare --- Acceptability of Health Care --- Health Care Seeking Behavior --- Care Acceptor, Health --- Care Acceptors, Health --- Care Nonacceptor, Health --- Care Nonacceptors, Health --- Health Care Acceptability --- Health Care Acceptor --- Health Care Acceptors --- Health Care Nonacceptor --- Health Care Nonacceptors --- Healthcare Acceptabilities --- Healthcare Acceptability --- Healthcare Patient Acceptance --- Healthcare Patient Acceptances --- Utilization, Health Care --- Patient Satisfaction --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Transcultural Studies --- Comparison, Cross-Cultural --- Comparisons, Cross-Cultural --- Cross Cultural Comparison --- Cross-Cultural Comparisons --- Studies, Transcultural --- Study, Transcultural --- Transcultural Study --- Cultural Characteristics --- Culture --- Case studies --- Medische antropologie / gezondheid / handicaps --- Social aspects --- Anthropological aspects --- Sociology of health --- Ethnology. Cultural anthropology --- Cross-Cultural Comparison --- Patient Acceptance of Health Care

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Le domaine de la santé a été largement transformé depuis une vingtaine d’années par l’action des associations de patients. Ces associations s’impliquent dans la production et la diffusion de connaissances sur les maladies et les questions de santé ; elles jouent un rôle actif dans l’émergence et la consolidation des mobilisations collectives autour des problèmes de santé ; elles sont reconnues comme des acteurs à part entière de la démocratie sanitaire aux côtés des pouvoirs publics, des professionnels et des acteurs économiques. Face aux mutations pressantes du domaine, elles pensent et explorent de nouvelles formes d’action associatives, de nouveaux modes d’intervention publique. Cet ouvrage rend compte directement de l’expérience des associations, à travers une série de discussions collectives conduites avec une cinquantaine d’entre elles. Ces témoignages éclairent la compréhension du fonctionnement associatif et permettent d’appréhender les défis auxquels les associations sont aujourd’hui confrontées ; ils sont destinés à favoriser le dialogue entre les usagers, le monde politique et les professionnels.

Patients' associations --- Patient advocacy --- Consumer Participation --- Organizations, Nonprofit --- Patient Acceptance of Health Care --- Attitude to Health --- Organizations --- Consumer Organizations --- Community Health Services --- Health Care Economics and Organizations --- Delivery of Health Care --- Health Services --- Health Care --- Health Care Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Health Care Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Voluntary Health Agencies --- Patient Participation --- Healthcare Facilities, Manpower, and Services --- Healthcare Quality, Access, and Evaluation --- Community-Based Distribution --- Contraceptive Distribution --- Delivery of Healthcare --- Dental Care Delivery --- Distribution, Non-Clinical --- Distribution, Nonclinical --- Distributional Activities --- Healthcare --- Healthcare Delivery --- Healthcare Systems --- Non-Clinical Distribution --- Nonclinical Distribution --- Delivery of Dental Care --- Health Care Delivery --- Health Care Systems --- Activities, Distributional --- Activity, Distributional --- Care, Health --- Community Based Distribution --- Community-Based Distributions --- Contraceptive Distributions --- Deliveries, Healthcare --- Delivery, Dental Care --- Delivery, Health Care --- Delivery, Healthcare --- Distribution, Community-Based --- Distribution, Contraceptive --- Distribution, Non Clinical --- Distributional Activity --- Distributions, Community-Based --- Distributions, Contraceptive --- Distributions, Non-Clinical --- Distributions, Nonclinical --- Health Care System --- Healthcare Deliveries --- Healthcare System --- Non Clinical Distribution --- Non-Clinical Distributions --- Nonclinical Distributions --- System, Health Care --- System, Healthcare --- Systems, Health Care --- Systems, Healthcare --- Patient Activation --- Patient Empowerment --- Patient Engagement --- Patient Involvement --- Patient Participation Rates --- Activation, Patient --- Empowerment, Patient --- Engagement, Patient --- Involvement, Patient --- Participation Rate, Patient --- Participation Rates, Patient --- Participation, Patient --- Patient Participation Rate --- Agencies, Voluntary Health --- Agency, Voluntary Health --- Health Agencies, Voluntary --- Health Agency, Voluntary --- Voluntary Health Agency --- Services, Health --- Health Service --- Service, Health --- Healthcare Economics and Organizations --- Community Healthcare --- Health Services, Community --- Services, Community Health --- Community Health Care --- Care, Community Health --- Community Health Service --- Community Healthcares --- Health Care, Community --- Health Service, Community --- Healthcare, Community --- Healthcares, Community --- Service, Community Health --- Organizations, Consumer --- Consumer Organization --- Organization, Consumer --- Non-Governmental Organizations --- Nongovernmental Organizations --- Organizations, Nongovernmental --- Non Governmental Organizations --- Non-Governmental Organization --- Nongovernmental Organization --- Organization --- Organization, Non-Governmental --- Organization, Nongovernmental --- Organizations, Non-Governmental --- Health Attitude --- Attitude, Health --- Attitudes, Health --- Health Attitudes --- Health, Attitude to --- Acceptability of Healthcare --- Acceptors of Health Care --- Health Care Utilization --- Nonacceptors of Health Care --- Patient Acceptance of Healthcare --- Acceptability of Health Care --- Health Care Seeking Behavior --- Care Acceptor, Health --- Care Acceptors, Health --- Care Nonacceptor, Health --- Care Nonacceptors, Health --- Health Care Acceptability --- Health Care Acceptor --- Health Care Acceptors --- Health Care Nonacceptor --- Health Care Nonacceptors --- Healthcare Acceptabilities --- Healthcare Acceptability --- Healthcare Patient Acceptance --- Healthcare Patient Acceptances --- Utilization, Health Care --- Non-Profit Organizations --- Organizations, Non-Profit --- Nonprofit Organizations --- Non Profit Organizations --- Non-Profit Organization --- Nonprofit Organization --- Organization, Non-Profit --- Organization, Nonprofit --- Organizations, Non Profit --- Community Involvement --- Public Participation --- Community Action --- Consumer Involvement --- Action, Community --- Actions, Community --- Community Actions --- Community Involvements --- Consumer Involvements --- Involvement, Community --- Involvement, Consumer --- Involvements, Community --- Participation, Community --- Participation, Consumer --- Participation, Public --- Refusal to Participate --- Public Health Administration --- Social Work --- Community Health Planning --- Public Opinion --- Patient Satisfaction --- Political Activism --- Patient Care Planning --- Patient Participation. --- Voluntary Health Agencies. --- patients --- santé --- cancer --- association de patients --- Malades --- Relations personnel médical-patient --- Associations --- Médecine --- Communication en médecine --- Relations publiques --- France --- Recherche --- 1990-....