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This book addresses a key innovative technology for decarbonization of the energy system: hydrothermal processing. It basically consists of treating biomass and wastes in a wet form, under pressure and temperature condition. This approach is becoming more and more attractive, as new feedstock and applications are appearing on the scene of bioeconomy and bioenergy. The hydrothermal processing of various type of biomass, waste, and residues, thus, raised the interest of many researchers and companies around the world, together with downstream upgrading processes and technologies: solid products as biochar, for instance, or liquid ones as crude bioliquids, are finding new market opportunities in circular economy schemes. The Special Issue collects recent innovative research works in the field, from basic to applied research, as well as pilot industrial applications/demo. It is a valuable set of references for those investing time and effort in research in the field.
biorefinery --- life cycle assessment (LCA) --- drop-in biofuels --- lipids --- sensitivity analysis --- brewer’s spent grains (BSG) --- lignin --- nutrient recovery --- fuel properties --- Scenedesmus rubescens --- hydroprocessing --- combustion indices --- hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) --- fiber rejects --- upgrading --- aqueous co-product --- hydrotreating --- biofuel --- hydrothermal disintegration --- cell wall disruption --- two-steps carbonization --- hydrothermal processes --- fuzzy Delphi method --- process economics --- agricultural yield --- hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) --- acid addition --- microalgae extraction --- coal --- hydrochar --- fuzzy logic cognitive map --- Germany --- microalgal oils --- deinked sludge --- nitrogen distribution --- hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) --- sewage sludge --- fresh harvested --- hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) --- biomass --- struvite --- primary sludge --- EROI --- biocrude --- hydrothermal liquefaction --- electricity and heat production --- fractional distillation --- Spirulina --- cost of electricity --- secondary sludge --- depolymerization --- freeze-dried
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The start of high-volume production of field-effect transistors with a feature size below 100 nm at the end of the 20th century signaled the transition from microelectronics to nanoelectronics. Since then, downscaling in the semiconductor industry has continued until the recent development of sub-10 nm technologies. The new phenomena and issues as well as the technological challenges of the fabrication and manipulation at the nanoscale have spurred an intense theoretical and experimental research activity. New device structures, operating principles, materials, and measurement techniques have emerged, and new approaches to electronic transport and device modeling have become necessary. Examples are the introduction of vertical MOSFETs in addition to the planar ones to enable the multi-gate approach as well as the development of new tunneling, high-electron mobility, and single-electron devices. The search for new materials such as nanowires, nanotubes, and 2D materials for the transistor channel, dielectrics, and interconnects has been part of the process. New electronic devices, often consisting of nanoscale heterojunctions, have been developed for light emission, transmission, and detection in optoelectronic and photonic systems, as well for new chemical, biological, and environmental sensors. This Special Issue focuses on the design, fabrication, modeling, and demonstration of nanodevices for electronic, optoelectronic, and sensing applications.
Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- concentrator systems --- GaInP/GaInAs/Ge --- multi-junction --- photovoltaics --- solar cells --- space --- triple-junction --- FeFET --- ferroelectric --- nonvolatile --- semiconductor memory --- SBT --- nanoantennas --- optics --- optoelectronic devices --- photovoltaic technology --- rectennas --- resistive memories --- thermal model --- heat equation --- thermal conductivity --- circuit simulation --- compact modeling --- resistive switching --- nanodevices --- power conversion efficiency --- MXenes --- electrodes --- additives --- HTL/ETL --- design of experiments --- GFET --- graphene --- high-frequency --- RF devices --- tolerance analysis --- molybdenum oxides --- green synthesis --- biological chelator --- additional capacity --- anodes --- lithium-ion batteries --- carbon nanotube --- junctionless --- tunnel field effect transistors --- chemical doping --- electrostatic doping --- NEGF simulation --- band-to-band tunneling --- switching performance --- nanoscale --- phosphorene --- black phosphorus --- nanoribbon --- edge contact --- contact resistance --- quantum transport --- NEGF --- metallization --- broadening --- zigzag carbon nanotube --- armchair-edge graphene nanoribbon --- quantum simulation --- sub-10 nm --- phototransistors --- photosensitivity --- subthreshold swing --- GaN HEMTs --- scaling --- electron mobility --- scattering --- polarization charge --- 2D materials --- rhenium --- selenides --- ReSe2 --- field-effect transistor --- pressure --- negative photoconductivity --- n/a
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This book draws together a small selection of full-length papers based on presentations given at the 27th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition held in Lisbon, Portugal in 2019. The topics covered, which reflect the breadth of the program of the EUBCE conference itself, include biomass sources, various aspects of technologies used for the conversion of biomass to bioproducts and bioenergy, as well as different approaches to assessing environmental impacts, which include case studies based on different technologies in use in a range of countries.
Technology: general issues --- bioeconomy --- bio-based industry --- biomass --- bioenergy --- industrial crop --- perennial crop --- low-input agriculture --- marginal land --- MALLIS --- sustainable agriculture --- HTC --- bio-coal --- manure --- slagging --- fouling --- corrosion --- process chemistry --- combustion --- waste to energy --- struvite --- HTL --- biorefinery --- renewable fuel --- HyFlexFuel --- rice harvest pellets --- palletization --- ash recovery --- normative --- anaerobic digestion --- methane production --- co-digestion --- combined heat and power --- farm-scale --- technical-economic analysis --- life cycle assessment --- greenhouse gas emission --- Ireland --- 5-hydroxymethylfurfural --- glucose --- heteropolyacid catalysts --- agroforestry --- waste valorization --- sustainable development goals --- renewable energy --- bioenergy transitions --- circular bioeconomy --- clean cooking --- life-cycle assessment --- energy policy --- barley straw --- torrefaction --- higher heating value --- severity factor --- sustainable development --- enhancement factor --- energy yield --- climate modelling --- climate change --- climate policy --- emission accounting --- global warming potential --- global temperature change potential --- greenhouse gas emissions --- impulse response function --- Bern Carbon Cycle model --- climate impacts of agriculture system --- conventional wheat --- olive trees --- silvopastoral --- acidification --- eutrophication --- energy crops --- miscanthus --- cardoon --- Paulownia tomentosa --- microalgae --- contaminated soils --- geographic information systems (GIS) --- ArcGIS --- adsorption --- ceramic filter --- gasification --- hot-gas cleaning --- lignocellulosic biomass --- cellulose pulp --- hydrolysis --- oxygen availability --- C:N ratio --- fermentation --- itaconic acid --- Aspergillus terreus --- bioeconomy --- bio-based industry --- biomass --- bioenergy --- industrial crop --- perennial crop --- low-input agriculture --- marginal land --- MALLIS --- sustainable agriculture --- HTC --- bio-coal --- manure --- slagging --- fouling --- corrosion --- process chemistry --- combustion --- waste to energy --- struvite --- HTL --- biorefinery --- renewable fuel --- HyFlexFuel --- rice harvest pellets --- palletization --- ash recovery --- normative --- anaerobic digestion --- methane production --- co-digestion --- combined heat and power --- farm-scale --- technical-economic analysis --- life cycle assessment --- greenhouse gas emission --- Ireland --- 5-hydroxymethylfurfural --- glucose --- heteropolyacid catalysts --- agroforestry --- waste valorization --- sustainable development goals --- renewable energy --- bioenergy transitions --- circular bioeconomy --- clean cooking --- life-cycle assessment --- energy policy --- barley straw --- torrefaction --- higher heating value --- severity factor --- sustainable development --- enhancement factor --- energy yield --- climate modelling --- climate change --- climate policy --- emission accounting --- global warming potential --- global temperature change potential --- greenhouse gas emissions --- impulse response function --- Bern Carbon Cycle model --- climate impacts of agriculture system --- conventional wheat --- olive trees --- silvopastoral --- acidification --- eutrophication --- energy crops --- miscanthus --- cardoon --- Paulownia tomentosa --- microalgae --- contaminated soils --- geographic information systems (GIS) --- ArcGIS --- adsorption --- ceramic filter --- gasification --- hot-gas cleaning --- lignocellulosic biomass --- cellulose pulp --- hydrolysis --- oxygen availability --- C:N ratio --- fermentation --- itaconic acid --- Aspergillus terreus
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This book draws together a small selection of full-length papers based on presentations given at the 27th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition held in Lisbon, Portugal in 2019. The topics covered, which reflect the breadth of the program of the EUBCE conference itself, include biomass sources, various aspects of technologies used for the conversion of biomass to bioproducts and bioenergy, as well as different approaches to assessing environmental impacts, which include case studies based on different technologies in use in a range of countries.
Technology: general issues --- bioeconomy --- bio-based industry --- biomass --- bioenergy --- industrial crop --- perennial crop --- low-input agriculture --- marginal land --- MALLIS --- sustainable agriculture --- HTC --- bio-coal --- manure --- slagging --- fouling --- corrosion --- process chemistry --- combustion --- waste to energy --- struvite --- HTL --- biorefinery --- renewable fuel --- HyFlexFuel --- rice harvest pellets --- palletization --- ash recovery --- normative --- anaerobic digestion --- methane production --- co-digestion --- combined heat and power --- farm-scale --- technical-economic analysis --- life cycle assessment --- greenhouse gas emission --- Ireland --- 5-hydroxymethylfurfural --- glucose --- heteropolyacid catalysts --- agroforestry --- waste valorization --- sustainable development goals --- renewable energy --- bioenergy transitions --- circular bioeconomy --- clean cooking --- life-cycle assessment --- energy policy --- barley straw --- torrefaction --- higher heating value --- severity factor --- sustainable development --- enhancement factor --- energy yield --- climate modelling --- climate change --- climate policy --- emission accounting --- global warming potential --- global temperature change potential --- greenhouse gas emissions --- impulse response function --- Bern Carbon Cycle model --- climate impacts of agriculture system --- conventional wheat --- olive trees --- silvopastoral --- acidification --- eutrophication --- energy crops --- miscanthus --- cardoon --- Paulownia tomentosa --- microalgae --- contaminated soils --- geographic information systems (GIS) --- ArcGIS --- adsorption --- ceramic filter --- gasification --- hot-gas cleaning --- lignocellulosic biomass --- cellulose pulp --- hydrolysis --- oxygen availability --- C:N ratio --- fermentation --- itaconic acid --- Aspergillus terreus
Choose an application
This book draws together a small selection of full-length papers based on presentations given at the 27th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition held in Lisbon, Portugal in 2019. The topics covered, which reflect the breadth of the program of the EUBCE conference itself, include biomass sources, various aspects of technologies used for the conversion of biomass to bioproducts and bioenergy, as well as different approaches to assessing environmental impacts, which include case studies based on different technologies in use in a range of countries.
bioeconomy --- bio-based industry --- biomass --- bioenergy --- industrial crop --- perennial crop --- low-input agriculture --- marginal land --- MALLIS --- sustainable agriculture --- HTC --- bio-coal --- manure --- slagging --- fouling --- corrosion --- process chemistry --- combustion --- waste to energy --- struvite --- HTL --- biorefinery --- renewable fuel --- HyFlexFuel --- rice harvest pellets --- palletization --- ash recovery --- normative --- anaerobic digestion --- methane production --- co-digestion --- combined heat and power --- farm-scale --- technical-economic analysis --- life cycle assessment --- greenhouse gas emission --- Ireland --- 5-hydroxymethylfurfural --- glucose --- heteropolyacid catalysts --- agroforestry --- waste valorization --- sustainable development goals --- renewable energy --- bioenergy transitions --- circular bioeconomy --- clean cooking --- life-cycle assessment --- energy policy --- barley straw --- torrefaction --- higher heating value --- severity factor --- sustainable development --- enhancement factor --- energy yield --- climate modelling --- climate change --- climate policy --- emission accounting --- global warming potential --- global temperature change potential --- greenhouse gas emissions --- impulse response function --- Bern Carbon Cycle model --- climate impacts of agriculture system --- conventional wheat --- olive trees --- silvopastoral --- acidification --- eutrophication --- energy crops --- miscanthus --- cardoon --- Paulownia tomentosa --- microalgae --- contaminated soils --- geographic information systems (GIS) --- ArcGIS --- adsorption --- ceramic filter --- gasification --- hot-gas cleaning --- lignocellulosic biomass --- cellulose pulp --- hydrolysis --- oxygen availability --- C:N ratio --- fermentation --- itaconic acid --- Aspergillus terreus
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