Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This study takes as its point of departure the diet in the summer of the year 1579 in Vienna. Leonhard von Harrach, Privy Councellor of Emperor Rudolf II, negotiated with leaders of the oppositional protestant nobility, who wanted to push through freedom of religious confession in the landesherrlichen cities and market towns in Lower Austria. Analysis of Harrachs's connections to opposition, his scope of action as a member of the government, councellor and mentor of the young, Spanish-catholic oriented Kaiser, professional court politician, nobleman, leader of an Austrian power elite, head of the 'House of Harrach' and a Catholic interested in reaching reconciliation with the protestants, can show the special structures of this conflict. The historiographic basis had largely to be assembled from scratch since, e.g., in recorded histories and chronics very little mention is made of an Austrian power elite within the Habsburg monarchy of the 16th century, which consisted of land-owning noblemen. The existence of this power elite has considerable consequences in gaining a proper understanding of the 'dualism' of Ständestaat as a complex dualistic system of political cooperation in the Habsburg monarchy. This power elite of functionaries from the lower nobility had a strong position in court and administration and also in estates in the Eastern hereditary lands of the Habsburgs. Noble families such as the Roggendorf, Jörger, Hoffmann, Windischgrätz or Khevenhüller, all in the same social network as Harrach, were among the most prominent families to profit from the more central organization of the state and at the same time they produced the most important leaders of the protestant opposition in Vienna and Graz. Although the conflict culture of the dualistic system wasn't strong enough against confessional polarization, the cooperation of the Habsburg dynasty with the court-oriented nobility from the provinces of the hereditary lands proved to be such a successful model of governmental organization that in the Austrian-Bohemian 'Dyarchy' it was continued on a larger scale. Skills of power elite made it possible to Harrach and his friend and relative Jörger, leader of the opposition, to employ a form of crisis management to moderate the oppositions after 1580. But the polarization of religious confessions had destroyed the Irenic of Harrach. His initiation into the Spanish-catholic Habsburg Order of the Golden Fleece gave the decisive impulse, to take on, along with the Archduke Ernst, the overall direction of moderate, but compulsory re-Catholization of the Lower-Austrian cities and market towns, organized by Melchior Khlesl, official of the Bishopric Passau in Vienna.

Nobility --- Harrach, Leonhard von, --- Rudolf --- Austria --- Politics and government --- Leonhard von Harrach (1514 - 1590) --- Aristocratic Power Elite --- Noble Estates --- Court and Country --- catholic confessionalization --- Geheimrat --- Habsburg --- Protestantismus --- Römisch-katholische Kirche --- Rudolf II. (HRR) --- Wien

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This study takes as its point of departure the diet in the summer of the year 1579 in Vienna. Leonhard von Harrach, Privy Councellor of Emperor Rudolf II, negotiated with leaders of the oppositional protestant nobility, who wanted to push through freedom of religious confession in the landesherrlichen cities and market towns in Lower Austria. Analysis of Harrachs's connections to opposition, his scope of action as a member of the government, councellor and mentor of the young, Spanish-catholic oriented Kaiser, professional court politician, nobleman, leader of an Austrian power elite, head of the 'House of Harrach' and a Catholic interested in reaching reconciliation with the protestants, can show the special structures of this conflict. The historiographic basis had largely to be assembled from scratch since, e.g., in recorded histories and chronics very little mention is made of an Austrian power elite within the Habsburg monarchy of the 16th century, which consisted of land-owning noblemen. The existence of this power elite has considerable consequences in gaining a proper understanding of the 'dualism' of Ständestaat as a complex dualistic system of political cooperation in the Habsburg monarchy. This power elite of functionaries from the lower nobility had a strong position in court and administration and also in estates in the Eastern hereditary lands of the Habsburgs. Noble families such as the Roggendorf, Jörger, Hoffmann, Windischgrätz or Khevenhüller, all in the same social network as Harrach, were among the most prominent families to profit from the more central organization of the state and at the same time they produced the most important leaders of the protestant opposition in Vienna and Graz. Although the conflict culture of the dualistic system wasn't strong enough against confessional polarization, the cooperation of the Habsburg dynasty with the court-oriented nobility from the provinces of the hereditary lands proved to be such a successful model of governmental organization that in the Austrian-Bohemian 'Dyarchy' it was continued on a larger scale. Skills of power elite made it possible to Harrach and his friend and relative Jörger, leader of the opposition, to employ a form of crisis management to moderate the oppositions after 1580. But the polarization of religious confessions had destroyed the Irenic of Harrach. His initiation into the Spanish-catholic Habsburg Order of the Golden Fleece gave the decisive impulse, to take on, along with the Archduke Ernst, the overall direction of moderate, but compulsory re-Catholization of the Lower-Austrian cities and market towns, organized by Melchior Khlesl, official of the Bishopric Passau in Vienna.

Nobility --- Leonhard von Harrach (1514 - 1590) --- Aristocratic Power Elite --- Noble Estates --- Austria --- Court and Country --- catholic confessionalization --- Geheimrat --- Habsburg --- Protestantismus --- Römisch-katholische Kirche --- Rudolf II. (HRR) --- Wien --- Harrach, Leonhard von, --- Rudolf --- Politics and government

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

Biomarkers are of critical medical importance for oncologists, allowing them to predict and detect disease and to determine the best course of action for cancer patient care. Prognostic markers are used to evaluate a patient’s outcome and cancer recurrence probability after initial interventions such as surgery or drug treatments and, hence, to select follow-up and further treatment strategies. On the other hand, predictive markers are increasingly being used to evaluate the probability of benefit from clinical intervention(s), driving personalized medicine. Evolving technologies and the increasing availability of “multiomics” data are leading to the selection of numerous potential biomarkers, based on DNA, RNA, miRNA, protein, and metabolic alterations within cancer cells or tumor microenvironment, that may be combined with clinical and pathological data to greatly improve the prediction of both cancer progression and therapeutic treatment responses. However, in recent years, few biomarkers have progressed from discovery to become validated tools to be used in clinical practice. This Special Issue comprises eight review articles and five original studies on novel potential prognostic and predictive markers for different cancer types.

MSI2 --- OSCC --- oral cancer --- musashi 2 --- prognosis --- N-cadherin --- EMT --- breast cancer --- new metastasis --- eribulin --- blood --- biomarker --- bladder cancer --- immune checkpoint inhibitor --- CD8+ T effector cells --- microRNA --- biomarkers --- head and neck cancer --- laryngeal cancer --- prediction --- metastasis --- lifestyle habit --- chemo-/radio resistance --- therapeutic target --- AKT --- AR --- castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) --- MAPK --- mTOR --- PI3K --- prostate cancer --- therapeutic resistance --- WNT --- miRNA --- melanoma --- melanoma resistance to MAPK/MEK inhibitors --- resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors --- TNBC --- BRCA1/2 --- HRR --- PDL1 --- TILs --- PI3KCA --- PTEN --- CTCs --- CSC --- pancreatic cancer --- K-RAS oncogene --- oncogene dependency --- targeted therapies --- genomic mutations --- transcriptomics --- metabolomics --- selenoproteins --- cancer --- HUB nodes --- major histocompatibility complex (MHC) --- human leukocyte antigen (HLA) --- antigen processing machinery (APM) molecules --- carcinogenesis --- tumor predisposition --- cancer immunotherapy --- pheochromocytoma --- paraganglioma --- head and neck neoplasms --- head and neck tumors --- genetic syndromes --- mutations --- hyperglycemia --- cardioncology --- nivolumab --- cytokines --- cardiotoxicity --- acetyltransferase --- cancer prognosis --- NAA10 --- n/a

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book contains the successful submissions to a Special Issue of Energies entitled “Engineering Fluid Dynamics 2019–2020”. The topic of engineering fluid dynamics includes both experimental and computational studies. Of special interest were submissions from the fields of mechanical, chemical, marine, safety, and energy engineering. We welcomed original research articles and review articles. After one-and-a-half years, 59 papers were submitted and 31 were accepted for publication. The average processing time was about 41 days. The authors had the following geographical distribution: China (15); Korea (7); Japan (3); Norway (2); Sweden (2); Vietnam (2); Australia (1); Denmark (1); Germany (1); Mexico (1); Poland (1); Saudi Arabia (1); USA (1); Serbia (1). Papers covered a wide range of topics including analysis of free-surface waves, bridge girders, gear boxes, hills, radiation heat transfer, spillways, turbulent flames, pipe flow, open channels, jets, combustion chambers, welding, sprinkler, slug flow, turbines, thermoelectric power generation, airfoils, bed formation, fires in tunnels, shell-and-tube heat exchangers, and pumps.

History of engineering & technology --- CFD --- gap resonance --- hydrodynamic forces --- free surface waves --- URANS --- twin-box deck --- aerodynamics --- vortex shedding --- splash lubrication --- dynamic motion --- gearbox --- churning power losses --- non-inertial coordinate system --- ground roughness --- hill shape --- hill slope --- large-eddy simulations --- turbulent flow fields --- turbulent structure --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD) --- large eddy simulations (LES) --- 3D hill --- canopy --- flow fields --- radiation --- blocked-off-region procedure --- heat recuperation --- anisotropic scattering --- mie particles --- numerical simulation --- horizontal face angle --- energy dissipation rates --- stepped spillway --- ultra-low specific speed magnetic drive pump --- orthogonal test --- splitter blades --- optimized design --- pressure fluctuation --- radial force --- dilution --- turbulent flame --- premixed --- OH --- CH2O --- planar laser-induced fluorescence --- self-excited oscillation jet --- organ–Helmholtz nozzle --- pulse waterjet --- pressure pulsation amplitude --- WMLES --- VLSMs --- LSMs --- turbulent boundary flow --- roughness --- surrogate model --- deep neural network --- multiphase flow --- horizontal pipe --- liquid holdup --- pressure gradient --- coherent structures --- turbulent boundary layer --- stability --- pre-multiplied wind velocity spectrum --- spatial correlation coefficient field --- tunnel fires --- jet fan speed --- heat release rate --- aspect ratio --- smoke movement --- visibility --- smoke layer thickness --- smoke stratification --- orifice shape --- vertical jet --- velocity ratio --- numerical investigation --- hydraulic characteristics --- impinging water jet --- impinging height --- numerical calculation --- swirler --- optimized --- genetic algorithms --- recirculation --- combustion --- experimental validation --- welding spatter --- distribution --- shield arc metal welding --- particle heat transfer --- fire risk --- sprinkler --- fire dynamics simulator (FDS) --- fire suppression --- extinguishing coefficient --- smoke logging --- smoke spread --- pipe insulation --- fire growth rate index --- scale factor --- volume fraction --- ignition heat source --- maximum heat release rate --- time to reach maximum HRR (heat release rate) --- control --- cylinder --- energy efficiency --- clamping --- pneumatics --- unsteady RANS simulation --- two-phase flow --- riser-induced slug flow --- LedaFlow --- VOF-model --- evacuation --- interaction between smoke and evacuees --- inner smoke force --- modified BR-smoke model --- twin H-rotor vertical-axis turbines --- wake --- instability --- wavelet transform --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD), multiphysics --- heat transfer --- thermoelectricity --- automotive --- traditional market --- fire spread rate --- radiant heat flux --- separation distance --- rotor stator interaction --- boundary layer --- secondary vortex --- unsteady flow --- submerged jet --- climate change --- renewable energy --- wind power --- accelerators --- turbines --- power extraction --- Betz --- freestream theory --- hybrid simulation method --- multi-fluid model --- discrete element method, sedimentation, bed formation --- PIV --- shell-and-tube --- shell side --- tube bundle --- heat exchanger --- baffle --- maldistribution

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This book contains the successful submissions to a Special Issue of Energies entitled “Engineering Fluid Dynamics 2019–2020”. The topic of engineering fluid dynamics includes both experimental and computational studies. Of special interest were submissions from the fields of mechanical, chemical, marine, safety, and energy engineering. We welcomed original research articles and review articles. After one-and-a-half years, 59 papers were submitted and 31 were accepted for publication. The average processing time was about 41 days. The authors had the following geographical distribution: China (15); Korea (7); Japan (3); Norway (2); Sweden (2); Vietnam (2); Australia (1); Denmark (1); Germany (1); Mexico (1); Poland (1); Saudi Arabia (1); USA (1); Serbia (1). Papers covered a wide range of topics including analysis of free-surface waves, bridge girders, gear boxes, hills, radiation heat transfer, spillways, turbulent flames, pipe flow, open channels, jets, combustion chambers, welding, sprinkler, slug flow, turbines, thermoelectric power generation, airfoils, bed formation, fires in tunnels, shell-and-tube heat exchangers, and pumps.

CFD --- gap resonance --- hydrodynamic forces --- free surface waves --- URANS --- twin-box deck --- aerodynamics --- vortex shedding --- splash lubrication --- dynamic motion --- gearbox --- churning power losses --- non-inertial coordinate system --- ground roughness --- hill shape --- hill slope --- large-eddy simulations --- turbulent flow fields --- turbulent structure --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD) --- large eddy simulations (LES) --- 3D hill --- canopy --- flow fields --- radiation --- blocked-off-region procedure --- heat recuperation --- anisotropic scattering --- mie particles --- numerical simulation --- horizontal face angle --- energy dissipation rates --- stepped spillway --- ultra-low specific speed magnetic drive pump --- orthogonal test --- splitter blades --- optimized design --- pressure fluctuation --- radial force --- dilution --- turbulent flame --- premixed --- OH --- CH2O --- planar laser-induced fluorescence --- self-excited oscillation jet --- organ–Helmholtz nozzle --- pulse waterjet --- pressure pulsation amplitude --- WMLES --- VLSMs --- LSMs --- turbulent boundary flow --- roughness --- surrogate model --- deep neural network --- multiphase flow --- horizontal pipe --- liquid holdup --- pressure gradient --- coherent structures --- turbulent boundary layer --- stability --- pre-multiplied wind velocity spectrum --- spatial correlation coefficient field --- tunnel fires --- jet fan speed --- heat release rate --- aspect ratio --- smoke movement --- visibility --- smoke layer thickness --- smoke stratification --- orifice shape --- vertical jet --- velocity ratio --- numerical investigation --- hydraulic characteristics --- impinging water jet --- impinging height --- numerical calculation --- swirler --- optimized --- genetic algorithms --- recirculation --- combustion --- experimental validation --- welding spatter --- distribution --- shield arc metal welding --- particle heat transfer --- fire risk --- sprinkler --- fire dynamics simulator (FDS) --- fire suppression --- extinguishing coefficient --- smoke logging --- smoke spread --- pipe insulation --- fire growth rate index --- scale factor --- volume fraction --- ignition heat source --- maximum heat release rate --- time to reach maximum HRR (heat release rate) --- control --- cylinder --- energy efficiency --- clamping --- pneumatics --- unsteady RANS simulation --- two-phase flow --- riser-induced slug flow --- LedaFlow --- VOF-model --- evacuation --- interaction between smoke and evacuees --- inner smoke force --- modified BR-smoke model --- twin H-rotor vertical-axis turbines --- wake --- instability --- wavelet transform --- computational fluid dynamics (CFD), multiphysics --- heat transfer --- thermoelectricity --- automotive --- traditional market --- fire spread rate --- radiant heat flux --- separation distance --- rotor stator interaction --- boundary layer --- secondary vortex --- unsteady flow --- submerged jet --- climate change --- renewable energy --- wind power --- accelerators --- turbines --- power extraction --- Betz --- freestream theory --- hybrid simulation method --- multi-fluid model --- discrete element method, sedimentation, bed formation --- PIV --- shell-and-tube --- shell side --- tube bundle --- heat exchanger --- baffle --- maldistribution