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Cosmetic products undergo nowadays rigorous Quality Control testing to ensure that they are safe and stable and that their claims are substantiated by scientifically robust data. Quality Control tests used in the pharmaceutical industry can be applicable also for cosmetic formulations. However, claim substantiation testing is unique to cosmetic products. To enable time- and cost-effective quality control testing, assessment methodologies constantly keep evolving. This Special Issue includes manuscripts that explore all stages of Quality Control testing for cosmetic products, i.e., (1) physicochemical stability testing; (2) microbial stability testing; (3) efficacy testing including objective/subjective claim substantiation testing and the evaluation of sensorial properties; (4) toxicological/safety testing with emphasis on current and evolving methodologies that replace animal testing.

safety --- cosmetics --- botanicals --- toxicology --- TTC --- solar elastosis --- collagen type I --- solar radiation --- non-melanoma skin cancers --- photoaging --- tattoos --- permanent makeup --- PMU --- colorants --- pigments --- cosmetic product safety --- non-animal-testing methodologies --- dermal absorption --- skin irritation --- skin sensitization --- genotoxicity --- endocrine disruptors --- active compounds --- assay --- cosmeceutics --- functional cosmetics --- HPLC–UV --- labelling --- retinoids --- tocopherol --- ubiquinone --- β carotene --- stability testing --- stability protocol --- accelerated ageing --- shelf life --- minimally disruptive formulas --- direct to consumer --- retail model --- sensory testing --- refractive index --- critical wavelength --- turbidity --- skin hydration --- creams --- n/a --- HPLC-UV

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This reprint reports advances in the topic of Deep Eutectic Solvents regarding their use as green alternatives in different chemical applications. Studies on the extraction/preconcentration processes of pharmacologically relevant molecules, structural spectroscopic studies, and application in gas purification studies are reported. Two relevant reviews are also published in the context of carbon dioxide conversion and their use in the chemistry of transformations. This reprint therefore aims to summarize some of the pertinent issues in DES chemistry through relevant literature references.

Research & information: general --- Chemistry --- absorption --- biogas --- deep eutectic solvents --- siloxanes --- materials --- API formulation --- gas sorbents --- ionothermal synthesis --- organic synthesis --- eutectic mixtures --- hydrogen bond acceptor --- hydrogen bond donor --- design of experiments --- Tauc plot --- band gap energy --- renewable energy --- electrochemical conversion --- carbon dioxide reduction --- functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) --- carbon dioxide transformation --- quercetin --- Deep Eutectic Solvents --- extraction --- preconcentration --- DESs water dilutions --- RP-HPLC-UV --- UHPLC-MS/MS --- recovery --- absorption --- biogas --- deep eutectic solvents --- siloxanes --- materials --- API formulation --- gas sorbents --- ionothermal synthesis --- organic synthesis --- eutectic mixtures --- hydrogen bond acceptor --- hydrogen bond donor --- design of experiments --- Tauc plot --- band gap energy --- renewable energy --- electrochemical conversion --- carbon dioxide reduction --- functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) --- carbon dioxide transformation --- quercetin --- Deep Eutectic Solvents --- extraction --- preconcentration --- DESs water dilutions --- RP-HPLC-UV --- UHPLC-MS/MS --- recovery

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This reprint describes the polyphenolic composition of wine and beer, with a special emphasis on extractive and analytical aspects. Furthermore, the effects of wine and beer polyphenols on human health are studied in the depth.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Food & society --- beer --- polyphenols --- antioxidant activity --- walnut --- chestnut --- green tea --- coffee --- cocoa --- honey --- licorice --- antioxidants --- prenylated flavonoids --- tyrosol --- hydroxytyrosol --- alkylresorcinols --- hops --- malt --- health --- menopause --- polyphenol --- phytoestrogen --- prenylnarigenin --- humulones --- ethanol --- bioactives --- resveratrol --- red wine --- ethylchloroformate --- gas chromatography–mass spectrometry --- alcohol --- butyric acid --- fiber --- drinking pattern --- wine --- winemaking --- brewing --- phenolic compounds --- binding --- health properties --- docking --- Mencía --- Jean --- terroir --- anthocyanins --- phenolic acids --- flavonols --- wine color --- phenols --- HPLC-UV-ESI-MSn --- free anthocyanins --- co-pigmented anthocyanins --- mixed fermentation --- starmerella bacillaris --- PCA --- hydroxycinnamic acids --- caftaric acid --- verjuice --- FPLC --- unripe grape juice

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Most of the available studies on marine fungi are based on the isolation and identification of fungi from different surfaces (e.g., submerged wood, sediments, macrophytes), mostly in coastal benthic environments. However, recent evidence suggests that fungi are also present in the oceanic water column, most likely mainly associated to particles, with the genomic potential to significantly contribute to marine biogeochemical cycles. Still, we lack even basic information on the ecology of the oceanic mycobiome, precluding us from determining the ecological role of this enigmatic kingdom in our oceans. The aim of this book and Special Issue was to focus on the ecology of marine fungi. Topics include, fungal abundance, distribution, activity, and phylogenetic and/or functional diversity in coastal to open ocean environments, including seawater column and sediments, derived both from laboratory and field studies.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Ecological science, the Biosphere --- marine fungi --- oxygen minimum zone --- nitrous oxide --- diversity --- 15N tracer --- size-fractioned --- eastern tropical North Pacific --- metagenome --- emergency disposal of raw of sewage --- seaside air --- bioaerosol --- mold --- yeast-like fungi --- mycology --- fungal diversity --- Antarctica --- bioprospecting --- psychrophiles --- cold-adapted enzymes --- industrial applications --- blue biotechnologies --- mycobiome --- marine sponge --- Agelas --- mesophotic --- halophytes --- marine mycology --- salt marsh fungi --- worldwide distribution --- chloroform-methanol extraction --- HPLC-UV --- LC-MS/MS --- ergosterol --- pelagic fungal biomass --- fluorescence in situ hybridisation --- mycoplankton --- fungal cultures --- pelagic --- fluorescence --- novel lineages --- phylogeny --- genetic markers --- antimicrobial --- anti-cancer --- comparative genomics --- metabolites --- whole genome sequencing --- deep-sea sediments --- trophic conditions --- Ross Sea --- total extracellular enzymatic activity --- kinetics --- maximum velocity --- half-saturation constant --- marine fungi --- oxygen minimum zone --- nitrous oxide --- diversity --- 15N tracer --- size-fractioned --- eastern tropical North Pacific --- metagenome --- emergency disposal of raw of sewage --- seaside air --- bioaerosol --- mold --- yeast-like fungi --- mycology --- fungal diversity --- Antarctica --- bioprospecting --- psychrophiles --- cold-adapted enzymes --- industrial applications --- blue biotechnologies --- mycobiome --- marine sponge --- Agelas --- mesophotic --- halophytes --- marine mycology --- salt marsh fungi --- worldwide distribution --- chloroform-methanol extraction --- HPLC-UV --- LC-MS/MS --- ergosterol --- pelagic fungal biomass --- fluorescence in situ hybridisation --- mycoplankton --- fungal cultures --- pelagic --- fluorescence --- novel lineages --- phylogeny --- genetic markers --- antimicrobial --- anti-cancer --- comparative genomics --- metabolites --- whole genome sequencing --- deep-sea sediments --- trophic conditions --- Ross Sea --- total extracellular enzymatic activity --- kinetics --- maximum velocity --- half-saturation constant

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The development of civilization entails a growing demand for consumer goods. A side effect of the production and use of these materials is the production of solid waste and wastewater. Municipal and industrial wastewater usually contains a large amount of various organic compounds and is the main source of pollution of the aquatic environment. Therefore, the search for effective methods of wastewater and other polluted water treatment is an important element of caring for the natural environment. This book presents research on the determination and removal of environmentally hazardous organic compounds from aqueous samples. The articles included in this book describe the results of examinations, at the laboratory scale, of the efficiency of chemical as well as physical processes for the removal or degradation of selected model pollutants. Environmental studies, especially those concerning the determination of trace impurities, require effective isolation and concentration procedures. The methods used for this purpose should meet the requirements of green chemistry. The liquid phase microextraction procedures and use of electrochemical methods described in this book seem to be proper for environmental studies, as they are effective and environmentally friendly.

photodegradation --- emerging organic contaminants --- salicylic acid --- biosorption --- doxazosin maleate --- boron-doped diamond electrode --- sulfasalazine --- continuous liquid–liquid extraction --- water environment --- electrochemical degradation --- chlorinated intermediates --- isotherm adsorption models --- water --- pollutants --- sediment --- ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction --- emerging contaminants --- electrochemical oxidation --- selective sorbent --- water remediation --- HPLC-UV --- sulfate radical --- boron doped diamond --- nickel aluminate --- advanced oxidation processes --- chemical oxygen demand --- hormones --- liquid-liquid continuous extraction --- organic pollutant --- run-off water --- DFT study --- biocides --- DLLME-SFO --- precious metals --- budesonide --- solidification of floating organic droplet --- flame retardants --- wastewater purification --- graphene quantum dots --- PBDE --- disinfection by-products --- 1-undecanol --- photocatalysis --- total petroleum hydrocarbon --- gas chromatography-mass spectrometry --- EOCs determination --- environmental samples --- groundwater --- fractional distillation --- spinel --- hydroxyl radical --- removal of organic compounds --- Guarani aquifer --- density functional theory --- persistent organic pollutants --- hydroxyl radicals