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Halyomorpha halys est un hétéroptère invasif originaire de l’est de l’Asie, que l’on retrouve aujourd’hui en Amérique du Nord et en Europe. Les moyens de lutte contre cet insecte sont principalement chimiques. Cependant, dans une optique de développement d’une agriculture plus durable, il est pertinent de rechercher des méthodes de lutte alternative. Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de ce travail de fin d’études est d’évaluer l’impact des défenses de Vicia faba, induites par la rhizobactérie Bacillus velezensis FZB42, sur la biologie de la punaise diabolique. 
Dans un premier temps, les défenses de la plante ont été caractérisées par la quantification de phytohormones de défense et de développement. La méthode HPLC-MS mise au point a permis de quantifier l’acide jasmonique, l’acide 12-oxophytodiénoïque et l’acide abscissique dans certains échantillons, ainsi que de détecter l’acide indole-3-acétique. Au vu de la variabilité des résultats et du seuil de détection trop élevé pour certaines phytohormones de la méthode HPLC-MS utilisée, l’étude n’a pas permis de caractériser clairement les principales voies de défense de la plante. 
Ensuite, l’effet de ces défenses sur le temps de développement, le gain de poids, le temps avant mortalité et le pourcentage de mortalité du cinquième stade larvaire a été étudié. Ces paramètres n’ont pas été significativement impactés par l’induction des défenses des plantes. Le haut pourcentage de mortalité et la variabilité entre les différentes expérimentations réalisées impliquent cependant que ces résultats sont à considérer avec précaution. 
Enfin, l’impact de l’induction des défenses de V. faba sur le choix de la plante hôte d’H. halys a été observé via un test de choix binaire en arène. L’insecte montre une préférence dans un premier temps pour une feuille provenant d’une plante inoculée avec la rhizobactérie et cette tendance s’inverse au cours du temps. Halyomorpha halys is an invasive heteropteran native to East Asia and now present in North America and Europe. While the existing control methods are mainly chemical, the development of alternative methods is crucial in the context of the development of a more sustainable agriculture. In this context, the objective of this thesis is to evaluate the impact of the defenses induced by the rhizobacterium Bacillus velezensis FZB42 on the biology of the stink bug. 
In a first step, the plant's defenses were characterized by the quantification of defense and development phytohormones. The HPLC-MS method developed made it possible to quantify jasmonic acid, 12-oxophytodienoic acid and abscisic acid in certain samples, as well as to detect indole-3-acetic acid. Nevertheless, the study did not allow a clear characterization of the main defense pathways of the plant, given the variability of the results and the detection threshold too high for some phytohormones of the HPLC-MS method used. 
In the second experiment, the effect of those defenses on development time, weight gain, time before mortality and percentage of mortality of the fifth instar larvae was studied. Those characteristics were not significantly impacted by plant defenses. However, the high percentage of mortality and the variability between the different experiments carried out indicate that those results should be considered with caution. 
Finally, the impact of induction of V. faba defenses on the choice of H. halys host plant was observed with a binary arena choice test. The insect initially showed a preference for a leaf from a plant inoculated with the rhizobacterium and this preference was reversed over time.

Halyomorpha halys --- Bacillus velezensis FZB42 --- Vicia faba --- phytohormones --- résistance systémique induite --- HPLC-MS --- brown marmorated stink bug --- induced systemic resistance --- Sciences du vivant > Entomologie & lutte antiravageur

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We are pleased to present this book, which is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue entitled “Extraction Strategies to Recover Bioactive Compounds, Incorporation into Food, and Health Benefits” published online in the open access journal Foods (ISSN 2304-8158) from 2019 to 2020 (available at: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/foods/special_issues/extraction). Firstly, this book gathers studies addressing several strategies applied to obtain bioactive products and extracts, not only from food matrices but also from agri-food byproducts, which can serve as new natural additives, nutraceuticals, and functional ingredients for pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food industries. In particular, free and bound phenolic compounds are explored in buckwheat, sesame, and olive leafy byproducts. Overall, these studies outline new valorization methods and offer new opportunities for alternative practices in the agro-industrial sector that help to migrate toward a circular bioeconomy model. This book also presents studies that predict bioactive components in fruits through mathematical tools and support the formulation of a novel beverage rich in resveratrol, a phenolic compound whose bioactivity is well recognized.

biorefinery --- rice wine --- n/a --- color --- phenolic compounds --- Polygonum cuspidatum --- antioxidant activity --- ultrafiltration --- naranjilla --- Sesamum indicum L. --- buckwheat flours --- milling fractions --- HPLC–MS --- chemometrics --- olive leaves --- vegetable protein --- Andean blueberry --- phenolic acids --- agri-food residues --- resveratrol --- RP-HPLC–DAD–QTOF-MS --- piceid --- goldenberry --- free and bound phenolic compounds --- clarification --- metaheuristic techniques --- tamarillo --- lignans --- ultrasound --- blackberry --- sesame cake --- mathematical model --- bioactive compounds --- araza --- oleuropein --- flavonoids --- HPLC-MS --- RP-HPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS

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Food processing by humans goes a long way back in time, e.g., heat for cooking was used 1.9 million years ago. However, meal preparation now seems to be moving out of the home kitchen, and preprocessed or processed/convenience food products are becoming a larger part of the daily diet. In addition, consumers are progressively focusing on the impact of food on their health, and they demand foods that have a high nutritional quality and an aroma and natural flavor that are similar to freshly-made products. Therefore, nutritional quality is concurrent with food safety, and sensory perception is becoming an increasingly important factor in food choices. The human digestive tract disintegrates food to allow the nutrients to be released and made available to the body. However, nutrients can undergo unwanted degradation upon processing and subsequent storage, negatively influencing the physiological effects. Different processing techniques will result in different food structures, thereby also affecting bioaccessibility and nutritional value. Hence, food scientists and industry have an increased interest in both conventional and innovative processing methods that can provide good-quality products with high nutritional value and stable shelf life. This Special Issue aims to shed some light on the latest knowledge about and developments within the effects of food processing and storage on changes of biochemical and nutritional compounds. Both original research articles and reviews are included in this book.

History of engineering & technology --- protein fractionation --- white teff --- brown teff --- amino acid profile --- seed storage proteins --- essential amino acids --- anthocyanins --- ascorbic acid --- UV-Vis --- HPLC-MS --- kinetics --- shelf life --- legume protein --- processing --- digestibility --- PEF --- OH --- POD --- colour --- extraction --- spray drying --- freeze drying --- antioxidants --- carotenoid aggregates --- coloring foods --- grouper --- refrigerated storage --- packaging methods --- protein oxidation --- protein degradation --- n/a

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This book provides readers with a good overview of the status and exciting developments in the identification of health-promoting properties and potential applications of nutraceutical substances. It includes papers focused on modern analytical instrumentation and new methods and biological tests applied to the evaluation of plant foods, derived products, herbal products, and food supplements and the phytochemical characterization of innovative natural sources of bioactive compounds and relative health-promoting properties.

Research & information: general --- phenolic compounds --- bud derivatives --- Ribes nigrum glyceric macerate --- green chemistry --- pulsed ultrasound-assisted extraction --- untargeted spectroscopic fingerprint --- targeted chromatographic fingerprint --- common buckwheat sprout --- flavonoid isomer --- quercetin-3-O-robinobioside --- validation --- chromatographic separation --- anthocyanin --- chlorogenic acid --- flavonol --- polymeric color --- storage --- wild blueberry --- vinegar --- automatized method --- quantification --- Allium sativum L. --- agro-biodiversity --- local varieties --- bulb morphology --- phenols --- volatile compounds --- chestnut --- characterisation tool --- bioactive compounds --- sensory analysis --- multivariate approach --- fruit peels --- polyphenols --- phenolic acids --- flavonoids --- flavan-3-ols --- hydrolysable and condensed tannins --- antioxidant activities --- LC-MS and HPLC --- functional food --- fortified pasta --- β-glucans --- nutritional properties --- Corylus avellana L. --- nutrient composition --- hazelnut cultivars --- minerals --- tocopherols --- Solanum lycopersicum L. --- refrigerated storage --- fruit quality --- carotenoids --- total polyphenols content --- food analysis --- High Performance Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (HPLC–MS) techniques --- Orbitrap --- High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) --- natural substances --- antioxidant molecules --- n/a --- High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS) techniques

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There has been much speculation about a possible antibiotic Armageddon; this would be the result of having untreatable post-operative infections, and similarly untreatable complications after chemotherapy. The now famous “O’Neill Report” (https://amr-review.org/) suggests that more people could die from resistant bacterial infections by 2050 than from cancer. We are still learning about all the subtle drivers of antibiotic resistance, and realizing that we need a single “whole of health” co-ordinated policy. We ingest what we sometimes feed to animals. There do not seem to be any new classes of antibiotics on our horizon. Perhaps something that has been around “forever” will come to our rescue—bacteriophages! Nevertheless, we have to do things differently, use antibiotics appropriately, for the correct indication, for the correct duration and with the correct dose, and with that, practice good antibiotic stewardship. Whilst by no means comprehensive, this book does cover some of the many topics of antibiotic stewardship. It also addresses some of the older antibiotics, some new combinations, and even some new agents. Last, and by no means least, there are two excellent articles on bacteriophages.

Antimicrobial resistance --- antibiotics --- antimicrobial stewardship --- inappropriate prescribing --- days of therapy --- Start Smart then Focus --- piperine --- piperlongumine --- antibacterial --- antifungal --- synergy --- non-target feed --- florfenicol --- thiamfenicol --- chloramfenicol --- HPLC–MS/MS --- validation --- swine --- out-of-hours care --- primary care --- quality of care --- quality indicators --- practitioners cooperative --- antibiotic stewardship --- fluoroquinolones --- guidelines --- urinary tract infections --- quality improvement --- general practitioners --- guideline --- health inequalities --- health equity assessment tool --- public health --- Enterobacteriaceae --- carbapenem-resistant --- CRE --- antibiotic resistance --- antimicrobials --- bacteriophages --- biofilms --- novel antimicrobials --- Antibiotics --- resistance --- broad-spectrum agents --- hospital epidemiology --- antibiotic utilization --- infection control --- infection prevention --- Pseudomonas aeruginosa --- Acinetobacter baumannii --- extended-spectrum beta-lactamases --- carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae --- methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus --- clinical trials --- infectious disease --- phage therapy --- silver complexes --- camphorimine --- anti-Candida activity --- antifungals --- antibacterials --- efflux inhibitors --- efflux pumps --- erm(41) --- mutations --- mycobacteria --- verapamil --- actinomycetes --- bioactivity --- polyketides --- polyketide synthases --- biosynthesis --- antimicrobial resistance --- economic evaluation --- cost-utility analysis --- cost-effectiveness analysis --- policy analysis --- One Health --- Singapore --- antibiotic prescribing --- implementation --- behavior change --- stakeholder consultation --- n/a --- HPLC-MS/MS