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Consumers, producers, stakeholders, governmental regulatory agencies and NGOs are becoming increasingly concerned with the conditions in which aquatic organisms are reared worldwide. High demand for fish for human consumption represents a challenge that has to be fulfilled by an ever-growing aquaculture production. In this scenario, animal care over the entire life and production cycle must be guaranteed while avoiding significant economic losses. As a result, research is needed to maximize yields and minimize adverse outcomes by optimizing rearing conditions while keeping in mind the welfare of cultured fish. In this Research Topic we will focus on relevant aspects related to fish response to both biotic and abiotic stressors as a means of improving their welfare, integrating both physiological and behavioral responses. In fish the adaptive responses to rearing may differ depending on several factors, including the characteristics of the stimuli and the intrinsic properties of the species or the selected line. If complete adaptation is missing, the application of single or multiple stimuli may result in a stress response. Stress responses have been linked to systemic adjustments which negatively impacts the immune system of fish, as well as their growth and reproductive performance. Therefore, one of the main interests of this Topic is to understand the allostatic responses of aquatic organisms to several stimuli/ factors that may be present during rearing. An additional focus of this Topic will be on conditions that may improve fish welfare by decreasing the stress response, such as implementing adequate swimming conditions. The focus of the Topic is to contribute to our present knowledge to better understand the physiological response of aquatic organisms, which is central to improving aquaculture practices. Emphasis will be placed on potentially existing interactions between physiological and endocrine pathways to build an overall stress response. Another aspect that will be considered in this Topic is how intraspecific variability may affect the stress response.

Science: general issues --- Physiology --- fish welfare --- environmental stressors --- dietary imbalance --- handling --- fish monitoring devices --- stress-reducing agents --- HPI axis --- energy balance

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Aquaculture is an important economic activity for food production all around the world that has experienced an exponential growth during the last few decades. However, several weaknesses and bottlenecks still need to be addressed in order to improve the aquaculture productive system. The recent fast development of the omics technologies has provided scientists with meaningful tools to elucidate the molecular basis of their research interests. This reprint compiles different works about the use of transcriptomics and genomics technologies in different aspects of the aquaculture research, such as immunity, stress response, development, sexual dimorphism, among others, in a variety of fish and shellfish, and even in turtles. Different transcriptome (mRNAs and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs)), genome (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)), and metatranscriptome analyses were conducted to unravel those different aspects of interest.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Fisheries & related industries --- RNA-Seq --- lncRNAs --- Dicentrarchus labrax --- viral infection --- nodavirus --- immune response --- fish --- T lymphocytes --- infection --- malnutrition --- inflammation --- aquaculture --- histopathology --- immunohistochemistry --- enteromyxosis --- Philasterides dicentrarchi --- turbot --- transcriptomics --- Chinese mitten crab --- Eriocheir sinensis --- transportome --- transporters --- salinity --- osmoregulation --- transcriptome --- meta-analysis --- gills --- short pentraxins --- c-reactive protein --- zebrafish --- transcript expression --- antiviral --- SVCV --- rag1 mutants --- skin --- mucosal immunity --- hypoxia --- hypo-metabolic state --- growth --- swimming performance --- metabolic landmarks --- muscle transcriptome --- glycolysis --- lipid metabolism --- protein turnover --- gilthead sea bream --- hepatopancreas necrosis disease --- metatranscriptomics sequencing --- hepatopancreatic flora --- teleost --- B cells --- single cell transcriptomics --- immunoglobulins --- immune markers --- transcription factors --- long non-coding RNAs --- hepatic transcript expression --- salmon --- microarray --- omega-6/omega-3 ratio --- nutrigenomics --- fatty acids --- liver --- muscle --- Misgurnus anguillicaudatus --- sexual size dimorphism --- polyploid size dimorphism --- comparative transcriptome --- gene expression --- edible red sea urchin --- Loxechinus albus --- RNA-seq --- reference transcriptome --- Chinese soft-shelled turtle --- Aeromonas hydrophila --- hemorrhagic sepsis --- molecular immunopathogenesis --- tripartite motif proteins --- B30.2 domain --- antiviral immunity --- Ctenopharyngodon idella --- grass carp reovirus --- metamorphosis --- brain --- RNA --- sequencing --- intermuscular bone --- development --- Megalobrama amblycephala --- Oreochromis niloticus --- histological structure --- Atlantic salmon --- smoltification --- genome --- mRNAs --- miRNAs --- sox family genes --- Pelodiscus sinensis --- estradiol --- pseudo-female --- sex-related --- heterosis --- heterobeltiosis --- environment --- transgressive genes --- conserved miRNA --- high-throughput sequencing --- lumpfish --- novel miRNA --- RT-qPCR --- heat shock protein --- co-chaperon network --- salinity-alkalinity adaptation --- molecular evolution --- Lateolabrax maculatus --- genomics --- stress response --- HPI-axis --- neuroendocrine-immune interaction --- common carp --- poly-unsaturated fatty acid --- fatty acid elongase --- association study --- genomic selection --- bulked segregant analysis --- SNP --- association analysis --- joint effect --- seawater adaptation --- microRNAs --- small-RNA sequencing --- microarray transcriptome --- European seabass --- chronic inflammation --- opioid receptors --- immune status --- whole-transcriptome sequencing --- sex differentiation --- non-coding RNAs --- ceRNA --- red cusk-eel --- thermal stress --- liver transcriptome --- oxidative damage --- protein folding --- hepatic enzymes --- n/a