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Periodical
The AIDS reader
ISSN: 10530894

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Periodical
Current Opinion in Hiv and Aids
ISSN: 1746630X Publisher: UNITED STATES Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

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Feeling Sick. : The Early Years of AIDS in Spain.
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ISBN: 1802076409 1802078045 9781802076400 Year: 2023 Publisher: Liverpool : Liverpool University Press,

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An Open Access edition of this book is available on the Liverpool University Press website and the OAPEN library as part of the Opening the Future project with COPIM.The earliest traceable accounts of the AIDS outbreak in Spain began to emerge during its political transition to democracy, with small clusters of cases appearing as early as 1981. HIV/AIDS would go on to shape Spain throughout its pivotal period as a fledgling democracy, underpinning the cultural explosions of the Movida, a sharp rise in intravenous drug use, and the struggles of a coalescing LGBT+ community. Feeling Sick: The Early Years of HIV/AIDS in Spain examines the cultural history of these early years of HIV/AIDS in Spain as it has been told through television and print media, ephemeral products of visual culture, fiction film, and the so-called risk groups that lived through the epidemic. The book draws on the work of Raymond Williams to characterize this emergent period within a structure of "feeling sick" and thus defined by discordant voices, disagreement, and meaning-making in a period of history in formation. Through close readings of Spanish visual culture and media alongside analysis of historical and medical documents, it asserts that a structure of feeling sick begins to coalesce around the emergence of HIV/AIDS and traces out a distinctive sense of living through history as it unfolds. By critically evaluating a selection of cultural materials, this book claims that the earliest years of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Spain reveal common fears about global connectivity, the proliferation of vulnerable ties to others, and the potential of cultural and physical contaminations. Ultimately, Feeling Sick challenges the dominant narratives in which life and disease are seen as separate and unequal, and in which illness is only destructive and devastating.


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Sexual Behavior Change Intentions and Actions in the Context of a Randomized Trial of a Conditional Cash Transfer for HIV Prevention in Tanzania
Authors: --- --- --- ---
Year: 2012 Publisher: Washington, D.C., The World Bank,

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Information, education, communication and interventions based on behavioral-change communication have had success in increasing the awareness of HIV. But these strategies alone have been less successful in changing risky sexual behavior. This paper addresses this issue by exploring the link between action and the intention to change behaviors. In Africa, uncertainty in the lives of those at risk for HIV may affect how intentions are formed. Characterize this uncertainty by understanding the reasons for discrepancies between intentions and actions may help improve the design of HIV-prevention interventions. Based on an incentives-based HIV prevention trial in Tanzania, the longitudinal dataset in this paper allows the exploration of intended strategies for changing sexual behaviors and their results. The authors find that gender, intervention groups and new positive diagnoses of sexually transmitted infections can significantly predict the link between intent and action. The paper examines potential mediators of these relationships.


Book
Mines, Migration and HIV/AIDS in Southern Africa
Authors: ---
Year: 2012 Publisher: Washington, D.C., The World Bank,

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Swaziland and Lesotho have the highest HIV prevalence in the world. They also share another distinct feature: during the last century, they sent a large numbers of migrant workers to South African mines. This paper examines whether participation in mining in a bordering country affects HIV infection rate. A job in the mines means leaving for long periods away from their families and living in an area with an active sex industry. This creates potential incentives for multiple, concurrent partnerships. Using Demographic and Health Surveys, the analysis shows that migrant miners ages 30-44 are 15 percentage points more likely to be HIV positive, and women whose partner is a migrant miner are 8 percentage points more likely to become infected. The study also shows that miners are less likely to abstain or use condoms, and female partners of miners are more likely to engage in extramarital sex. The authors interpret these results as suggesting that miners' migration into South Africa has increased the spread of HIV/AIDS in their countries of origin. Consistent with this interpretation, the association between HIV infection and being a miner or a miner's wife are not statistically significant in Zimbabwe, a country where the mining industry is local and does not involve migrating to South Africa.


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Evidence-Based Implementation Efficiency Analysis of the HIV/AIDS National Response in Colombia

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This study on the implementation efficiency of the HIV/AIDS national response in Colombia seeks to examine how it has been implemented-whether it has been done according to the available evidence about the epidemic and as the response was originally planned. The study approaches three specific dimensions of implementation efficiency: (i) programmatic; (ii) budgetary; and (iii) service delivery. The study uses a range of research techniques, including: (i) documentary analysis of key policies, official publications and reports; (ii) semi-structured interviews with representatives of the central government and territorial entities, international and community-based organizations, insurers, care providers, et cetera; and (iii) case-study analysis to visualize the ways in which people are cared for in practice. The available data suggest that the HIV/AIDS response is succeeding in keeping the prevalence low and the epidemic concentrated. In recent years, the level of health coverage has increased and the quality of care services has improved. The identified problems in service delivery (mostly related to coverage and access) are linked to system fragmentation and integration, and to the nature of the coordination mechanisms, both at the national and the territorial level. The effectiveness of the response would benefit from re-energized leadership at both the national and local levels-articulated through the existing programmatic framework and coordinating mechanisms. The complexity of the system and the lack of budgetary and expenditure information have impeded the evaluation of the budgetary efficiency of the HIV/AIDS response.


Book
Sexual Behavior Change Intentions and Actions in the Context of a Randomized Trial of a Conditional Cash Transfer for HIV Prevention in Tanzania
Authors: --- --- --- ---
Year: 2012 Publisher: Washington, D.C., The World Bank,

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Abstract

Information, education, communication and interventions based on behavioral-change communication have had success in increasing the awareness of HIV. But these strategies alone have been less successful in changing risky sexual behavior. This paper addresses this issue by exploring the link between action and the intention to change behaviors. In Africa, uncertainty in the lives of those at risk for HIV may affect how intentions are formed. Characterize this uncertainty by understanding the reasons for discrepancies between intentions and actions may help improve the design of HIV-prevention interventions. Based on an incentives-based HIV prevention trial in Tanzania, the longitudinal dataset in this paper allows the exploration of intended strategies for changing sexual behaviors and their results. The authors find that gender, intervention groups and new positive diagnoses of sexually transmitted infections can significantly predict the link between intent and action. The paper examines potential mediators of these relationships.


Book
Mines, Migration and HIV/AIDS in Southern Africa
Authors: ---
Year: 2012 Publisher: Washington, D.C., The World Bank,

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Abstract

Swaziland and Lesotho have the highest HIV prevalence in the world. They also share another distinct feature: during the last century, they sent a large numbers of migrant workers to South African mines. This paper examines whether participation in mining in a bordering country affects HIV infection rate. A job in the mines means leaving for long periods away from their families and living in an area with an active sex industry. This creates potential incentives for multiple, concurrent partnerships. Using Demographic and Health Surveys, the analysis shows that migrant miners ages 30-44 are 15 percentage points more likely to be HIV positive, and women whose partner is a migrant miner are 8 percentage points more likely to become infected. The study also shows that miners are less likely to abstain or use condoms, and female partners of miners are more likely to engage in extramarital sex. The authors interpret these results as suggesting that miners' migration into South Africa has increased the spread of HIV/AIDS in their countries of origin. Consistent with this interpretation, the association between HIV infection and being a miner or a miner's wife are not statistically significant in Zimbabwe, a country where the mining industry is local and does not involve migrating to South Africa.


Periodical
Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine
ISSN: 23794054

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Periodical
HIV/AIDS surveillance report (Atlanta, Ga. : Online)
ISSN: 1048759X Publisher: Atlanta, Ga. U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Division of HIV/AIDS

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