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The second Muslim caliph, Umar ibn al-Khattab, once reportedly exclaimed, 'I do not know how to treat Zoroastrians!' He and other Muslims encountered Zoroastrians during the conquest of Arabia but struggled to formulate a consistent policy toward the adherents of a religion that was neither biblical nor polytheistic. Some Muslims saw Zoroastrians as pagans and sought to limit interaction with them. Others found ways to incorporate them within the empire of Islamic law. Andrew D. Magnusson describes the struggle between advocates of inclusion and exclusion, the ultimate accommodation of Zoroastrians, and the reasons that Muslim historians have subsequently buried the memory of this relationship.

Islam --- Zoroastrianism --- Zoroastrians --- HISTORY / Middle East / Iran. --- Relations --- Zoroastrianism. --- History. --- Islam. --- Parsees --- Religious adherents

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Since 1979, the rivalry between Saudi Arabia and Iran - the two major powers in the Muslim world - has played a prominent role in shaping Middle Eastern politics. Political in nature yet couched in Islamic rhetoric, this rivalry reflects a desire to ensure regime security and legitimacy while also increasing influence across the Middle East. Since the 2003 Iraq War, the relationship has become increasingly vitriolic, resulting in the emergence of proxy conflicts in Iraq, Syria, Bahrain and Yemen. This book argues that to understand regional politics, comprehension of the rivalry between Riyadh and Tehran is essential.An electronic version of this book is available under a creative commons licence: manchesterhive.com/view/9781526150844/9781526150844.xml

HISTORY / Middle East / Iran. --- Arab Uprisings. --- Foreign Policy. --- Geopolitics. --- International Relations. --- Iran. --- Islam. --- Middle East. --- Rivalry. --- Saudi Arabia. --- Sectarianism.

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The modern sense of "Greater Khorasan" today corresponds to a territory which not only comprises the region in the east of Iran but also, beyond Iranian frontiers, a part of Afghanistan and Turkmenistan. In the past this entity was simply defined as Khorasan. In the Sassanid era Khorasan defined the "Eastern lands". In the Islamic era this term was again taken up in the same sense it previously enjoyed. The Arab sources of the first centuries all mention the eastern regions under the same toponym, Khorasan. Khorasan was the gateway used by Alexander the Great to go into Bactria and India and, inversely, that through which the Seljuks and Mongols entered Iran. In a diachronic context Khorasan was a transit zone, a passage, a crossroads, which, above all in the medieval period, saw the creation of different commercial routes leading to the north, towards India, to the west and into China. In this framework, archaeological researches will be the guiding principle which will help us to take stock of a material culture which, as its history, is very diversified. They also offer valuable elements on commercial links between the principal towns of Khorasan. This book will provide the opportunity to better know the most recent elements of the principal constitutive sites of this geographical and political entity.

History. --- Khurasan (Iran) -- History. --- Khurāsān (Iran)-- History-- Sources. --- Regions & Countries - Asia & the Middle East --- History & Archaeology --- Middle East --- Khurāsān (Iran) --- Xorâsân (Iran) --- Khorassan (Iran) --- Khorāsān, Iran --- Ḫorāsān (Iran) --- Khurasan (Iran) --- Khurāsān (Iran) --- History --- Sources. --- Iran --- Classical and Ancient Near Eastern Studies --- Philosophy --- Afghanistan. --- Ausgrabung. --- Iran. --- Turkmenistan. --- excavations. --- HISTORY / Middle East / Iran. --- Ancient Near Eastern Studies. --- Historical Periods --- Medieval History. --- Topics in History --- Cultural History. --- Philosophical Anthropology. --- Mental philosophy --- Humanities --- Annals --- Auxiliary sciences of history --- Middle Ages. --- Philosophical anthropology. --- Anthropology, Philosophical --- Man (Philosophy) --- Civilization --- Life --- Ontology --- Humanism --- Persons --- Philosophy of mind --- Dark Ages --- History, Medieval --- Medieval history --- Medieval period --- Middle Ages --- World history, Medieval --- World history --- Civilization, Medieval --- Medievalism --- Renaissance

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"From the early 1960s through the 1978-79 Iranian revolution, Iranian students in the United States organized into a militant leftist organization that they called the Iranian Students Association (ISA). The ISA supported Iranian national liberation by organizing on-campus and direct actions in protest of the US-Shah alliance and by targeting their universities' complicity with state repression in Iran. Anti-imperialist, Marxist, and internationalist, the ISA also aligned itself with other Third World liberation movements to oppose all forms of US imperialism abroad and state repression at home. This Flame Within traces how what Manijeh Moradian calls "revolutionary affect" motivated Iranian students of all class backgrounds to imagine their futures as interdependent those of other oppressed people. Moradian also considers the affective dissonance of women activists, who resisted US imperial co-optation of Iranian women's rights, but also joined the mass uprising of women in Tehran in March 1979, a unique moment of anti-imperialist feminism-while also navigating sexism within the ISA. This book offers the history of Iranian revolutionaries in the United States as a model for imagining modes of diasporic identity oriented away from nationalism, assimilation, and exceptionalism and towards solidarity with multiple freedom struggles."--

Women --- Revolutionaries. --- Anti-imperialist movements. --- SOCIAL SCIENCE / Gender Studies. --- HISTORY / Middle East / Iran. --- Femmes --- Revolutionnaires --- Anti-imperialisme --- Étudiants iraniens --- Revolutionaries --- Anti-imperialist movements --- Iranian students --- Political activity. --- Activite politique --- Histoire --- Political activity --- History --- Iranian Students Association of America. --- United States. --- Iran. --- Iran --- Anti-colonialism --- Antiimperialist movements --- Social movements --- Imperialism --- National liberation movements --- Revolutionists --- Dissenters --- Counterrevolutionaries --- Women in politics --- Students --- Human females --- Wimmin --- Woman --- Womon --- Womyn --- Females --- Human beings --- Femininity --- Iranian Students Association --- Iranian Students Association (U.S.) --- Iranian Student Association (U.S.) --- Iranian Students Association in the U.S. --- ISAUS --- I.S.A.U.S. --- Iranian Students Association in the United States --- Sazmān-i Dānishjūyān-i Īrānī dar Āmrīkā --- Iranian Student Association in U.S. --- Êran --- I-lang --- I.R.A. --- I.R.I. --- Ir --- IRI --- Islamic Republic of Iran --- Islamische Republik Iran --- Islamskai͡a Respublika Iran --- Jumhūrī-i Islāmī-i Īrān --- Komarî Îslamî Êran --- Northern Tier --- Paras --- Paras-Iran --- Persia --- Persia-Iran --- República Islâmica do Ir --- AB --- ABSh --- Ameerika Ühendriigid --- America (Republic) --- Amerika Birlăshmish Shtatlary --- Amerika Birlăşmi Ştatları --- Amerika Birlăşmiş Ştatları --- Amerika ka Kelenyalen Jamanaw --- Amerika Qūrama Shtattary --- Amerika Qŭshma Shtatlari --- Amerika Qushma Shtattary --- Amerika (Republic) --- Amerikai Egyesült Államok --- Amerikanʹ Veĭtʹsėndi͡avks Shtattn --- Amerikări Pĕrleshu̇llĕ Shtatsem --- Amerikas Forenede Stater --- Amerikayi Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- Ameriketako Estatu Batuak --- Amirika Carékat --- AQSh --- Ar. ha-B. --- Arhab --- Artsot ha-Berit --- Artzois Ha'bris --- Bí-kok --- Ē.P.A. --- EE.UU. --- Egyesült Államok --- ĒPA --- Estados Unidos --- Estados Unidos da América do Norte --- Estados Unidos de América --- Estaos Xuníos --- Estaos Xuníos d'América --- Estatos Unitos --- Estatos Unitos d'America --- Estats Units d'Amèrica --- Ètats-Unis d'Amèrica --- États-Unis d'Amérique --- Fareyniḳṭe Shṭaṭn --- Feriene Steaten --- Feriene Steaten fan Amearika --- Forente stater --- FS --- Hēnomenai Politeiai Amerikēs --- Hēnōmenes Politeies tēs Amerikēs --- Hiwsisayin Amerikayi Miatsʻeal Tērutʻiwnkʻ --- Istadus Unidus --- Jungtinės Amerikos valstybės --- Mei guo --- Mei-kuo --- Meiguo --- Mî-koet --- Miatsʻyal Nahangner --- Miguk --- Na Stàitean Aonaichte --- NSA --- S.U.A. --- SAD --- Saharat ʻAmērik --- SASht --- Severo-Amerikanskie Shtaty --- Severo-Amerikanskie Soedinennye Shtaty --- Si͡evero-Amerikanskīe Soedinennye Shtaty --- Sjedinjene Američke Države --- Soedinennye Shtaty Ameriki --- Soedinennye Shtaty Severnoĭ Ameriki --- Soedinennye Shtaty Si͡evernoĭ Ameriki --- Spojené obce severoamerick --- Spojené staty americk --- SShA --- Stadoù-Unanet Amerika --- Stáit Aontaithe Mheirice --- Stany Zjednoczone --- Stati Uniti --- Stati Uniti d'America --- Stâts Unîts --- Stâts Unîts di Americhe --- Steatyn Unnaneysit --- Steatyn Unnaneysit America --- SUA --- Sŭedineni amerikanski shtati --- Sŭedinenite shtati --- Tetã peteĩ reko Amérikagua --- U.S. --- U.S.A. --- United States of America --- Unol Daleithiau --- Unol Daleithiau America --- Unuiĝintaj Ŝtatoj de Ameriko --- US --- USA --- Usono --- Vaeinigte Staatn --- Vaeinigte Staatn vo Amerika --- Vereinigte Staaten --- Vereinigte Staaten von Amerika --- Verenigde State van Amerika --- Verenigde Staten --- VS --- VSA --- Wááshindoon Bikéyah Ałhidadiidzooígí --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amirīkīyah --- Wilāyāt al-Muttaḥidah al-Amrīkīyah --- Yhdysvallat --- Yunaeted Stet --- Yunaeted Stet blong Amerika --- ZDA --- Združene države Amerike --- Zʹi͡ednani Derz͡havy Ameryky --- Zjadnośone staty Ameriki --- Zluchanyi͡a Shtaty Ameryki --- Zlucheni Derz͡havy --- ZSA