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In the past, ‘traditional’ moderate-intensity continuous training (60-75% peak heart rate) was the type of physical activity most frequently recommended for both athletes and clinical populations (cf. American College of Sports Medicine guidelines). However, growing evidence indicates that high-intensity interval training (80-100% peak heart rate) could actually be associated with larger cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic function benefits and, thereby, physical performance gains for athletes. Similarly, recent data in obese and hypertensive individuals indicate that various mechanisms – further improvement in endothelial function, reductions in sympathetic neural activity, or in arterial stiffness – might be involved in the larger cardiovascular protective effects associated with training at high exercise intensities. Concerning hypoxic training, similar trends have been observed from ‘traditional’ prolonged altitude sojourns (‘Live High Train High’ or ‘Live High Train Low’), which result in increased hemoglobin mass and blood carrying capacity. Recent innovative ‘Live Low Train High’ methods (‘Resistance Training in Hypoxia’ or ‘Repeated Sprint Training in Hypoxia’) have resulted in peripheral adaptations, such as hypertrophy or delay in muscle fatigue. Other interventions inducing peripheral hypoxia, such as vascular occlusion during endurance/resistance training or remote ischemic preconditioning (i.e. succession of ischemia/reperfusion episodes), have been proposed as methods for improving subsequent exercise performance or altitude tolerance (e.g. reduced severity of acute-mountain sickness symptoms). Postulated mechanisms behind these metabolic, neuro-humoral, hemodynamics, and systemic adaptations include stimulation of nitric oxide synthase, increase in anti-oxidant enzymes, and down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, although the amount of evidence is not yet significant enough. Improved O2 delivery/utilization conferred by hypoxic training interventions might also be effective in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, as well as contributing to improve exercise tolerance and health status of patients. For example, in obese subjects, combining exercise with hypoxic exposure enhances the negative energy balance, which further reduces weight and improves cardio-metabolic health. In hypertensive patients, the larger lowering of blood pressure through the endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway and the associated compensatory vasodilation is taken to reflect the superiority of exercising in hypoxia compared to normoxia. A hypoxic stimulus, in addition to exercise at high vs. moderate intensity, has the potential to further ameliorate various aspects of the vascular function, as observed in healthy populations. This may have clinical implications for the reduction of cardiovascular risks. Key open questions are therefore of interest for patients suffering from chronic vascular or cellular hypoxia (e.g. work-rest or ischemia/reperfusion intermittent pattern; exercise intensity; hypoxic severity and exposure duration; type of hypoxia (normobaric vs. hypobaric); health risks; magnitude and maintenance of the benefits). Outside any potential beneficial effects of exercising in O2-deprived environments, there may also be long-term adverse consequences of chronic intermittent severe hypoxia. Sleep apnea syndrome, for instance, leads to oxidative stress and the production of reactive oxygen species, and ultimately systemic inflammation. Postulated pathophysiological changes associated with intermittent hypoxic exposure include alteration in baroreflex activity, increase in pulmonary arterial pressure and hematocrit, changes in heart structure and function, and an alteration in endothelial-dependent vasodilation in cerebral and muscular arteries. There is a need to explore the combination of exercising in hypoxia and association of hypertension, developmental defects, neuro-pathological and neuro-cognitive deficits, enhanced susceptibility to oxidative injury, and possibly increased myocardial and cerebral infarction in individuals sensitive to hypoxic stress. The aim of this Research Topic is to shed more light on the transcriptional, vascular, hemodynamics, neuro-humoral, and systemic consequences of training at high intensities under various hypoxic conditions.

repeated sprint training in hypoxia --- hypoxia --- ischemic preconditioning --- resistance training in hypoxia --- cerebral deoxygenation --- muscle activation --- HIF-1? --- anaerobic metabolism --- critical power --- muscle deoxygenation --- altitude training --- metaboreflex

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In the past, ‘traditional’ moderate-intensity continuous training (60-75% peak heart rate) was the type of physical activity most frequently recommended for both athletes and clinical populations (cf. American College of Sports Medicine guidelines). However, growing evidence indicates that high-intensity interval training (80-100% peak heart rate) could actually be associated with larger cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic function benefits and, thereby, physical performance gains for athletes. Similarly, recent data in obese and hypertensive individuals indicate that various mechanisms – further improvement in endothelial function, reductions in sympathetic neural activity, or in arterial stiffness – might be involved in the larger cardiovascular protective effects associated with training at high exercise intensities. Concerning hypoxic training, similar trends have been observed from ‘traditional’ prolonged altitude sojourns (‘Live High Train High’ or ‘Live High Train Low’), which result in increased hemoglobin mass and blood carrying capacity. Recent innovative ‘Live Low Train High’ methods (‘Resistance Training in Hypoxia’ or ‘Repeated Sprint Training in Hypoxia’) have resulted in peripheral adaptations, such as hypertrophy or delay in muscle fatigue. Other interventions inducing peripheral hypoxia, such as vascular occlusion during endurance/resistance training or remote ischemic preconditioning (i.e. succession of ischemia/reperfusion episodes), have been proposed as methods for improving subsequent exercise performance or altitude tolerance (e.g. reduced severity of acute-mountain sickness symptoms). Postulated mechanisms behind these metabolic, neuro-humoral, hemodynamics, and systemic adaptations include stimulation of nitric oxide synthase, increase in anti-oxidant enzymes, and down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, although the amount of evidence is not yet significant enough. Improved O2 delivery/utilization conferred by hypoxic training interventions might also be effective in preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases, as well as contributing to improve exercise tolerance and health status of patients. For example, in obese subjects, combining exercise with hypoxic exposure enhances the negative energy balance, which further reduces weight and improves cardio-metabolic health. In hypertensive patients, the larger lowering of blood pressure through the endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway and the associated compensatory vasodilation is taken to reflect the superiority of exercising in hypoxia compared to normoxia. A hypoxic stimulus, in addition to exercise at high vs. moderate intensity, has the potential to further ameliorate various aspects of the vascular function, as observed in healthy populations. This may have clinical implications for the reduction of cardiovascular risks. Key open questions are therefore of interest for patients suffering from chronic vascular or cellular hypoxia (e.g. work-rest or ischemia/reperfusion intermittent pattern; exercise intensity; hypoxic severity and exposure duration; type of hypoxia (normobaric vs. hypobaric); health risks; magnitude and maintenance of the benefits). Outside any potential beneficial effects of exercising in O2-deprived environments, there may also be long-term adverse consequences of chronic intermittent severe hypoxia. Sleep apnea syndrome, for instance, leads to oxidative stress and the production of reactive oxygen species, and ultimately systemic inflammation. Postulated pathophysiological changes associated with intermittent hypoxic exposure include alteration in baroreflex activity, increase in pulmonary arterial pressure and hematocrit, changes in heart structure and function, and an alteration in endothelial-dependent vasodilation in cerebral and muscular arteries. There is a need to explore the combination of exercising in hypoxia and association of hypertension, developmental defects, neuro-pathological and neuro-cognitive deficits, enhanced susceptibility to oxidative injury, and possibly increased myocardial and cerebral infarction in individuals sensitive to hypoxic stress. The aim of this Research Topic is to shed more light on the transcriptional, vascular, hemodynamics, neuro-humoral, and systemic consequences of training at high intensities under various hypoxic conditions.

repeated sprint training in hypoxia --- hypoxia --- ischemic preconditioning --- resistance training in hypoxia --- cerebral deoxygenation --- muscle activation --- HIF-1? --- anaerobic metabolism --- critical power --- muscle deoxygenation --- altitude training --- metaboreflex --- repeated sprint training in hypoxia --- hypoxia --- ischemic preconditioning --- resistance training in hypoxia --- cerebral deoxygenation --- muscle activation --- HIF-1? --- anaerobic metabolism --- critical power --- muscle deoxygenation --- altitude training --- metaboreflex

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Canada continues to have a rich history of ground-breaking research in drug delivery within academic institutions, pharmaceutical industry and the biotechnology community.

encapsulation --- biodistribution --- pharmaceutics --- targeted therapies --- gambogic acid --- GE11 peptide --- formulation and dosage form development --- transient modulation --- ROESY NMR spectroscopy --- bioaccessibility --- polymeric micelle --- pharmacological Inhibitors of HIF-1 and STAT3 --- nanoparticles --- Vitamin D --- drug discovery --- EGFR-targeted therapy --- translational research --- clinical trials --- doxorubicin --- dissolution --- drug development --- permeation enhancers --- Canada --- plant --- primary central nervous system lymphomas --- photostabilizers --- head and neck squamous cell carcinoma --- mouse models --- drug delivery systems --- melphalan --- hypoxia-induced chemoresistance --- skin --- virus --- circadian clock --- child friendly formulation --- adenanthin --- co-delivery --- canola oil deodorizer distillate --- Metaplex --- innovation --- controlled drug delivery --- nifedipine --- radiolabeling --- amphotericin B --- biological barriers --- blood-brain barrier (BBB) --- biologicals --- lipid nanoparticles --- oral formulation --- phytosterols --- medical devices --- chronotherapy --- oral --- cationic gemini surfactant --- route of administration --- drug delivery --- intra-arterial chemotherapy --- developing world --- sustained delivery --- water miscible solvents --- combination therapy --- antibodies --- throughput --- magnetic fields --- liposomes --- medulloblastoma --- drug-resistant melanoma --- rosmarinic acid --- topical formulation --- TNO gastrointestinal model --- gastrointestinal simulator --- malignant gliomas --- transdermal drug delivery --- oral delivery --- precision medicine --- 3D spheroid --- flavonoids --- staurosporine --- DOX-Vit D --- loading gradients --- bacteriophage --- phospholipid complex --- triggered drug release --- HIF-1 --- phage display --- pharmacokinetics --- emulsion --- quercetin --- cisplatin --- parasitic infections --- remote loading --- HAV6 cadherin peptide --- blood-brain barrier --- inclusion complex --- tocopherols --- STAT3 --- ultrasound --- liposome --- fungal infections --- magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) --- MG63 --- model orange juice --- radiation --- cancer --- mefloquine --- small molecules --- Drug Delivery Systems --- Delivery systems, Drug --- Drug administration technology --- Drug delivery technology --- Drugs --- Pharmaceutical technology --- Delivery systems

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The very first marine-derived anticancer drug, Cytarabine (aka Ara-C, Cytosar-U®), was approved by the FDA in 1969 for the treatment of leukemia. At the beginning of 2021, the list of approved marine-derived anticancer drugs consists of nine substances, five of which received approval within the last two years, demonstrating the rapid evolution of the field. The current book is a collection of scientific articles related to the exponentially growing field of anticancer marine compounds. These articles cover the whole field, from agents with cancer-preventive activity, to novel and previously characterized compounds with anticancer activity, both in vitro and in vivo, as well as the latest status of compounds under clinical development.

Medicine --- apoptosis --- fucoidan --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- reactive oxygen species --- 3-alkylpyridinium polymers --- nicotine --- nicotinic acetylcholine receptor --- non-small cell lung carcinoma --- melanoma --- sinulariolide --- proteomic --- mitochondria --- caspase cascade --- marine fungus --- sediment --- anthranilic acid --- Penicillium paneum --- cytotoxicity --- dibromotyrosine --- mitochondrial dysfunction --- oxidative stress --- topoisomerase --- epigonal organ --- bonnethead shark --- Jurkat --- tumor cell line --- hippuristanol --- PEL --- AP-1 --- STAT3 --- Akt --- colorectal cancer --- marine mollusc --- brominated indoles --- shrimp --- chemoprevention --- fatty acids --- carotenoids --- cancer --- nanoparticle --- osteosarcoma --- lung metastasis --- elisidepsin --- lipid rafts --- hydroxylated lipids --- fatty acid 2-hydroxylase --- cooperative binding --- membrane permeabilization --- marine organisms --- polysaccharides --- anticancer --- anticarcinogenic --- mechanisms of action --- fumigaclavine C --- anti-proliferation --- mitochondrial pathway --- anti-cancer --- anti-proliferative --- carotenoid --- cell cycle arrest --- fucoxanthin --- azoxymethane --- bioactive natural product --- isatin --- in vivo model --- Marthasterias glacialis L. --- palmitic acid --- ER-stress --- CHOP --- Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADCs) --- marine antitumor agents --- clinical trials --- approved antitumor agents --- AD0157 --- angiogenesis --- marine drug --- pyrrolidinedione --- secondary metabolites --- cancer preventive --- chemopreventive --- trabectedin --- plitidepsin --- tumor-associated macrophages --- tumor microenvironment --- preclinical --- anticancer immunity --- antiangiogenesis --- fascaplysin --- cyclin-dependent kinase --- small cell lung cancer --- camptothecin --- poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase inhibitor --- breast cancer --- seaweed --- therapeutic compounds --- autophagy --- marine drugs --- autophagy inhibitors --- autophagy inducers --- macrolide --- programmed cell death --- energy stress --- araguspongine C --- c-Met --- HER2 --- gemcitabine --- pazopanib --- phase I --- safety --- soft tissue sarcoma --- pachastrissamine --- jaspine B --- carbocyclic analogue --- sphingosine kinase inhibitor --- molecular modeling --- ET-743 --- DNA minor groove binder --- soft tissue sarcoma --- chemotherapy --- bis (2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-methane (BDDPM) --- anti-metastatic activity --- cell adhesion --- β1-integrin --- FAK --- BEL-7402 cell --- triterpene glycosides --- sea cucumbers --- antitumor activities --- arrest of cell cycle --- antibacterial --- marangucyclines --- deep-sea --- Streptomyces sp. SCSIO 11594 --- LS-1 --- SNU-C5/5-FU --- TGF-β signaling --- carcinoembryonic antigen --- kalkitoxin --- Moorea producens --- mitochondria toxin --- VEGF --- angiogenesis inhibitor --- hypoxia-inducible factor-1 --- HIF-1 --- Lyngbya majuscula --- marine metabolites --- SZ-685C --- nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas --- Ecklonia cava --- phlorotannins --- dieckol --- migration --- sipholenol A --- ABC transporter --- multidrug resistance --- P-gp/ABCB1 --- BCRP/ABCG2 --- MRP1/ABCC1 --- marine natural products --- glioblastoma --- xyloketal B --- proliferation --- TRPM7 --- marine compound --- ribosomal protein genes --- snoRNA --- FAU --- RPS30 --- SNORA62 --- evolution --- Porifera --- Penicillium brevicompactum --- Brevianamide --- Mycochromenic acid derivative --- antifouling --- Caribbean sponge --- plakortide --- endoperoxide --- leukemia --- multi-drug resistant leukemia --- Sarcophyton ehrenbergi --- soft coral --- terpenes --- cembranoids --- cytotoxic activity --- molecular docking --- uveal melanoma --- oxidative stress --- virtual screening --- Topo I inhibitor --- low toxic --- natural product --- Ulva fasciata --- selenium-containing polysaccharide-protein complex --- pseudopterosin --- NF-κB --- p65 --- inflammation --- cytokine release --- IL-6 --- TNFα --- MCP-1 --- glucocorticoid receptor --- paulomycins --- Micromonospora --- antitumor --- Cantabrian Sea-derived actinobacteria --- puupehenones --- sponges --- antiangiogenic --- antitumoral --- porifera/sponge --- cancer genes --- molecular oncology --- bromophenol --- molecular mechanisms --- cell cycle --- PI3K/Akt --- p38/ERK --- ROS --- human lung cancer --- glycosaminoglycans --- antiproliferative --- heparan sulphate --- gliotoxin --- NSCLC --- adriamycin resistance --- Sepia ink polysaccharides --- antitumour --- chemosensitization --- anticoagulation --- sea anemone --- drug discovery --- endothelial cells --- RGD motif --- kunitz type inhibitor --- prostate cancer --- antioxidant --- natural marine compounds --- marine biotechnology --- microalgae --- marine sponges --- Aeroplysinin --- Isofistularin --- pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma --- metastasis --- cancer progression --- cell adhesion molecules --- integrin β1 --- hypoxia --- phycocyanin --- non-small cell lung cancer --- NF-κB signaling --- marine-derived drugs --- bioanalysis --- chromatography --- manzamine A --- epithelial-mesenchymal transition --- lung cancer --- circulating tumor cells --- signal transduction --- cisplatin --- Lampetra morii --- buccal gland --- cystatin F --- anti-angiogenesis --- cystatin superfamily --- Antimicrobial peptide (AMP) --- Tilapia piscidin 4 (TP4) --- non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) --- itampolin A --- FBDD --- p38α --- novel inhibitor --- tetracenomycin X --- cyclin D1 --- proteasomal degradation --- p38 --- c-JUN --- λ-carrageenan --- heparanase --- anticoagulant --- depolymerisation --- cell migration --- Aspergillus --- naphthopyrones --- endophytic fungus --- Leathesia nana --- mangrove-derived actinomycete --- ansamycins --- divergolides --- apoptosis-inducing activity --- actinomycin --- EMT --- invasion --- low molecular weight fucoidan extract --- N-Ras --- neuroblastoma-rat sarcoma --- Cancer --- programmed cell death-ligand 1 --- programmed cell death-ligand 2 --- human sarcoma cell line (HT1080 cells) --- human normal diploid fibroblast (TIG-1 cells) --- chimera --- chemical conjugation --- anticancer agent --- hybridization --- α9-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) --- breast cancer cells --- αO-conotoxin GeXIVA --- targeted therapy --- gorgonian --- Leptogorgia --- humulane sesquiterpenoids --- anticancer activity --- 12-deacetyl-12-epi-scalaradial --- HeLa cells --- Nur77 --- MAPK/ERK pathway --- Mycalin A --- C15 acetogenins --- synthetic analogues --- antiproliferative activity --- A375 and HeLa cell lines --- polyoxygenated steroids --- sponge --- Haliclona gracilis --- Thalassia testudinum --- thalassiolin B --- polyphenols --- CYP1A1 --- benzo[a]pyrene --- JNK1/2 --- natural products --- synergism --- A549 cells --- cytoskeleton --- P2X7 receptor --- pollution --- anti-angiogenic --- gene expression --- HSP90 --- inhibitor --- apoptosis --- fucoidan --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- reactive oxygen species --- 3-alkylpyridinium polymers --- nicotine --- nicotinic acetylcholine receptor --- non-small cell lung carcinoma --- melanoma --- sinulariolide --- proteomic --- mitochondria --- caspase cascade --- marine fungus --- sediment --- anthranilic acid --- Penicillium paneum --- cytotoxicity --- dibromotyrosine --- mitochondrial dysfunction --- oxidative stress --- topoisomerase --- epigonal organ --- bonnethead shark --- Jurkat --- tumor cell line --- hippuristanol --- PEL --- AP-1 --- STAT3 --- Akt --- colorectal cancer --- marine mollusc --- brominated indoles --- shrimp --- chemoprevention --- fatty acids --- carotenoids --- cancer --- nanoparticle --- osteosarcoma --- lung metastasis --- elisidepsin --- lipid rafts --- hydroxylated lipids --- fatty acid 2-hydroxylase --- cooperative binding --- membrane permeabilization --- marine organisms --- polysaccharides --- anticancer --- anticarcinogenic --- mechanisms of action --- fumigaclavine C --- anti-proliferation --- mitochondrial pathway --- anti-cancer --- anti-proliferative --- carotenoid --- cell cycle arrest --- fucoxanthin --- azoxymethane --- bioactive natural product --- isatin --- in vivo model --- Marthasterias glacialis L. --- palmitic acid --- ER-stress --- CHOP --- Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADCs) --- marine antitumor agents --- clinical trials --- approved antitumor agents --- AD0157 --- angiogenesis --- marine drug --- pyrrolidinedione --- secondary metabolites --- cancer preventive --- chemopreventive --- trabectedin --- plitidepsin --- tumor-associated macrophages --- tumor microenvironment --- preclinical --- anticancer immunity --- antiangiogenesis --- fascaplysin --- cyclin-dependent kinase --- small cell lung cancer --- camptothecin --- poly(ADP-ribose)-polymerase inhibitor --- breast cancer --- seaweed --- therapeutic compounds --- autophagy --- marine drugs --- autophagy inhibitors --- autophagy inducers --- macrolide --- programmed cell death --- energy stress --- araguspongine C --- c-Met --- HER2 --- gemcitabine --- pazopanib --- phase I --- safety --- soft tissue sarcoma --- pachastrissamine --- jaspine B --- carbocyclic analogue --- sphingosine kinase inhibitor --- molecular modeling --- ET-743 --- DNA minor groove binder --- soft tissue sarcoma --- chemotherapy --- bis (2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxy-phenyl)-methane (BDDPM) --- anti-metastatic activity --- cell adhesion --- β1-integrin --- FAK --- BEL-7402 cell --- triterpene glycosides --- sea cucumbers --- antitumor activities --- arrest of cell cycle --- antibacterial --- marangucyclines --- deep-sea --- Streptomyces sp. SCSIO 11594 --- LS-1 --- SNU-C5/5-FU --- TGF-β signaling --- carcinoembryonic antigen --- kalkitoxin --- Moorea producens --- mitochondria toxin --- VEGF --- angiogenesis inhibitor --- hypoxia-inducible factor-1 --- HIF-1 --- Lyngbya majuscula --- marine metabolites --- SZ-685C --- nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas --- Ecklonia cava --- phlorotannins --- dieckol --- migration --- sipholenol A --- ABC transporter --- multidrug resistance --- P-gp/ABCB1 --- BCRP/ABCG2 --- MRP1/ABCC1 --- marine natural products --- glioblastoma --- xyloketal B --- proliferation --- TRPM7 --- marine compound --- ribosomal protein genes --- snoRNA --- FAU --- RPS30 --- SNORA62 --- evolution --- Porifera --- Penicillium brevicompactum --- Brevianamide --- Mycochromenic acid derivative --- antifouling --- Caribbean sponge --- plakortide --- endoperoxide --- leukemia --- multi-drug resistant leukemia --- Sarcophyton ehrenbergi --- soft coral --- terpenes --- cembranoids --- cytotoxic activity --- molecular docking --- uveal melanoma --- oxidative stress --- virtual screening --- Topo I inhibitor --- low toxic --- natural product --- Ulva fasciata --- selenium-containing polysaccharide-protein complex --- pseudopterosin --- NF-κB --- p65 --- inflammation --- cytokine release --- IL-6 --- TNFα --- MCP-1 --- glucocorticoid receptor --- paulomycins --- Micromonospora --- antitumor --- Cantabrian Sea-derived actinobacteria --- puupehenones --- sponges --- antiangiogenic --- antitumoral --- porifera/sponge --- cancer genes --- molecular oncology --- bromophenol --- molecular mechanisms --- cell cycle --- PI3K/Akt --- p38/ERK --- ROS --- human lung cancer --- glycosaminoglycans --- antiproliferative --- heparan sulphate --- gliotoxin --- NSCLC --- adriamycin resistance --- Sepia ink polysaccharides --- antitumour --- chemosensitization --- anticoagulation --- sea anemone --- drug discovery --- endothelial cells --- RGD motif --- kunitz type inhibitor --- prostate cancer --- antioxidant --- natural marine compounds --- marine biotechnology --- microalgae --- marine sponges --- Aeroplysinin --- Isofistularin --- pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma --- metastasis --- cancer progression --- cell adhesion molecules --- integrin β1 --- hypoxia --- phycocyanin --- non-small cell lung cancer --- NF-κB signaling --- marine-derived drugs --- bioanalysis --- chromatography --- manzamine A --- epithelial-mesenchymal transition --- lung cancer --- circulating tumor cells --- signal transduction --- cisplatin --- Lampetra morii --- buccal gland --- cystatin F --- anti-angiogenesis --- cystatin superfamily --- Antimicrobial peptide (AMP) --- Tilapia piscidin 4 (TP4) --- non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) --- itampolin A --- FBDD --- p38α --- novel inhibitor --- tetracenomycin X --- cyclin D1 --- proteasomal degradation --- p38 --- c-JUN --- λ-carrageenan --- heparanase --- anticoagulant --- depolymerisation --- cell migration --- Aspergillus --- naphthopyrones --- endophytic fungus --- Leathesia nana --- mangrove-derived actinomycete --- ansamycins --- divergolides --- apoptosis-inducing activity --- actinomycin --- EMT --- invasion --- low molecular weight fucoidan extract --- N-Ras --- neuroblastoma-rat sarcoma --- Cancer --- programmed cell death-ligand 1 --- programmed cell death-ligand 2 --- human sarcoma cell line (HT1080 cells) --- human normal diploid fibroblast (TIG-1 cells) --- chimera --- chemical conjugation --- anticancer agent --- hybridization --- α9-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) --- breast cancer cells --- αO-conotoxin GeXIVA --- targeted therapy --- gorgonian --- Leptogorgia --- humulane sesquiterpenoids --- anticancer activity --- 12-deacetyl-12-epi-scalaradial --- HeLa cells --- Nur77 --- MAPK/ERK pathway --- Mycalin A --- C15 acetogenins --- synthetic analogues --- antiproliferative activity --- A375 and HeLa cell lines --- polyoxygenated steroids --- sponge --- Haliclona gracilis --- Thalassia testudinum --- thalassiolin B --- polyphenols --- CYP1A1 --- benzo[a]pyrene --- JNK1/2 --- natural products --- synergism --- A549 cells --- cytoskeleton --- P2X7 receptor --- pollution --- anti-angiogenic --- gene expression --- HSP90 --- inhibitor