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Today, more stringent regulations on SOx emissions and growing environmental concerns have led to considerable attention on sulfur recovery from hydrogen sulfide (H2S). Hydrogen sulfide is commonly found in raw natural gas and biogas, even if a great amount is obtained through sweetening of sour natural gas and hydrodesulphurization of light hydrocarbons. It is highly toxic, extremely corrosive and flammable, and for these reasons, its elimination is necessary prior to emission in atmosphere. There are different technologies for the removal of H2S, the drawbacks of which are the high costs and limited H2S conversion efficiency. The main focus of this Special Issue will be on catalytic oxidation processes, but the issue is devoted to the development of catalysts able to maximize H2S conversion to sulfur minimizing SO2 formation, pursuing the goal of “zero SO2 emission”.This Special Issue is particularly devoted to the preparation of novel powdered/structured supported catalysts and their physical–chemical characterization, the study of the aspects concerning stability and reusability, as well as the phenomena that could underlie the deactivation of the catalyst.This Special Issue comprises seven articles, one communication, and one review regarding the desulfurization of sour gases and fuel oil, as well as the synthesis of novel adsorbents and catalysts for H2S abatement. In the following, a brief description of the papers included in this issue is provided to serve as an outline to encourage further reading.

hydrogen sulfide --- biocoal --- livestock manure --- agricultural safety --- fertilizer --- waste management --- air pollution --- odor --- kinetics --- Gompertz model --- phosphine --- manganese slag --- metal ions --- reaction mechanism --- mesoporous N-doped carbon coating --- silicon carbide composites --- gas-tail desulfurization treatment --- BTX contaminants --- elemental sulfur --- chicken eggshell --- waste valorization --- adsorption --- biogas --- flue gas --- polyoxometalate --- dicationic ionic liquids --- extraction --- oxidative desulfurization --- dibenzothiophene --- adsorbent --- purification --- H2S removal --- response surface methodology (RSM) --- H2S selective partial oxidation --- sulfur --- sulfur dioxide --- vanadium-based catalysts --- hydrochar --- mixed metal oxides --- H2S conversion --- n/a --- gas purification --- direct catalytic oxidation --- fluidized catalyst bed --- hydrogen sulfide removal facilities

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Global concern about climate change caused by the exploitation of fossil fuels is encouraging the use of renewable energies. For instance, the European Union aims to be climate neutral by 2050. Biogas is an interesting renewable energy source due to its high calorific value. Today, biogas is mainly used for the production of electricity and heat by a combined heat and power engine. However, before its valorization, biogas needs to be desulfurized (H2S removal) to avoid corrosion and sulfur oxides emissions during its combustion. Biogas can be upgraded (CO2 removal) and used as vehicle fuel or injected into the natural gas grid. In the last 15 years, significant advances have occurred in the development of biological desulfurization processes. In this book with five chapters, the reader can find some of the latest advances in the biogas desulfurization and an overview of the state-of-the-art research. Three of them are research studies and two are reviews concerning the current state of biogas desulfurization technologies, economic analysis of alternatives, and the microbial ecology in biofiltration units. Biogas desulfurization is considered to be essential by many stakeholders (biogas producers, suppliers of biogas upgrading devices, gas traders, researchers, etc.) all around the world.

biotrickling filters --- in-situ biogas desulphurisation --- response surface methodology --- microbial ecology --- anoxic biotrickling filter --- desulfurization --- molecular techniques --- open-pore polyurethane foam --- anaerobic digestion --- autotrophic denitrification --- anoxic biofiltration --- Teflon --- biotrickling filter --- biogas --- desulphurisation --- H2S --- post-biogas desulphurisation --- hydrogen sulfide elimination --- removal process --- Ottengraf’s model --- packing material --- hydrogen sulfide --- open polyurethane foam --- sulfur-oxidizing bacteria --- anoxic --- PVC --- biofiltration --- PET

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This book presents an introductory editorial paper and publications referring to current problems and challenges in the field of wastewater treatment. The published articles cover a wide range of topics (reducing the concentration of hydrogen sulfide in biogas and decreasing release of phosphate into a sludge liquor at WWTPs; water ecosystem protection from antibiotics through the use of AOP methods; tertiary wastewater treatment in bio-filtration systems assisted by the addition of hydrogen peroxide to stimulate microbial activity; odor removal using biological methods; the impact of WWTPs on the environment by taking into account energy consumption, noise, and the formation of bioaerosols; and odor nuisances), which show significant progress in the research and implementation of innovative solutions in wastewater treatment technology.

hydrogen peroxide --- high-rate biofiltration --- nitrification --- denitrification --- AOPs --- assessment of ecotoxicity --- fluoroquinolones --- high resolution mass spectrometry --- IC50 --- MIC --- QSAR --- waste ochre --- biogas --- enhanced phosphorus removal --- hydrogen sulfide --- phosphates precipitation --- wastewater treatment plant --- environment --- impact --- life-cycle assessment --- environmental impact assessment --- green building --- environmental management system --- environmental aspects --- wastewater technology --- management tool --- biodegradation --- odors --- H2S --- NH3 --- n/a

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Recently, there has been a growing awareness of the need to make better use of natural resources. Hence, the utilization of biomass has led to so-called biorefinery, consisting of the fractionation or separation of the different components of the lignocellulosic materials in order to achieve a total utilization of the same, and not only of the cellulosic fraction for paper production. The use of plant biomass as a basic raw material implies a shift from an economy based on the exploitation of non-renewable fossil fuels, with limited reserves or with regeneration cycles far below the rates of exploitation, to a bioeconomy based on the use of renewable organic natural resources, with balanced regeneration and extraction cycles. To make this change, profound readjustments in existing technologies are necessary, as well as the application of new approaches in research, development, and production."Biorefinery" is the term used to describe the technology for the fractionation of plant biomass into energy, chemicals, and consumer goods. The future generation of biorefinery will include treatments, leading to high-value-added compounds. The use of green chemistry technologies and principles in biorefineries, such as solvent and reagent recovery and the minimization of effluent and gas emissions, is essential to define an economically and environmentally sustainable process.In particular, the biorefinery of lignocellulosic materials to produce biofuels, chemicals and materials is presented as a solid alternative to the current petrochemical platform and a possible solution to the accumulation of greenhouse gases.

Research & information: general --- lignocellulosic biomass --- solid-state fermentation --- enzymatic hydrolysis --- aerated bioreactor --- Aspergillus oryzae --- lignin --- lignocellulose --- aromatics --- biobased --- epoxy --- fatty acid --- biopolymers --- biobased materials --- biorenewable --- bio-based filament --- 3D printing --- sugarcane bagasse pulp --- barley straw --- composite --- flexural strength --- biobased polyethylene --- nanocellulose --- β-cyclodextrin --- cryogels --- films --- biomaterials --- cellulose --- dialdehyde cellulose --- organosilane chemistry --- 29Si NMR --- solid state NMR --- silanization --- lignocellulose valorization --- ‘lignin-first’ --- reductive catalytic fractionation --- lignocellulose nanofibers --- horticultural residues --- paperboard --- recycling --- biosurfactants --- enzymatic saccharification --- fermentation --- quinoa saponins --- steam-pretreated spruce --- lignocellulosic material --- xylose --- furfural --- iron chloride --- microwave reactor --- biorefinery --- electrosynthesis --- biomass --- carbohydrate --- saccharides --- electro-oxidation --- electroreduction --- residue --- agro-industry --- high-value products --- banana --- torrefaction --- Jerusalem artichoke --- biofuel --- energy crops --- agiculture --- micro-fibrillated cellulose --- formaldehyde adhesives --- wood-based panels --- kraft lignin --- adsorbent material --- copper adsorption --- H2S adsorption --- H2S removal --- n/a --- 'lignin-first'

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Recently, there has been a growing awareness of the need to make better use of natural resources. Hence, the utilization of biomass has led to so-called biorefinery, consisting of the fractionation or separation of the different components of the lignocellulosic materials in order to achieve a total utilization of the same, and not only of the cellulosic fraction for paper production. The use of plant biomass as a basic raw material implies a shift from an economy based on the exploitation of non-renewable fossil fuels, with limited reserves or with regeneration cycles far below the rates of exploitation, to a bioeconomy based on the use of renewable organic natural resources, with balanced regeneration and extraction cycles. To make this change, profound readjustments in existing technologies are necessary, as well as the application of new approaches in research, development, and production."Biorefinery" is the term used to describe the technology for the fractionation of plant biomass into energy, chemicals, and consumer goods. The future generation of biorefinery will include treatments, leading to high-value-added compounds. The use of green chemistry technologies and principles in biorefineries, such as solvent and reagent recovery and the minimization of effluent and gas emissions, is essential to define an economically and environmentally sustainable process.In particular, the biorefinery of lignocellulosic materials to produce biofuels, chemicals and materials is presented as a solid alternative to the current petrochemical platform and a possible solution to the accumulation of greenhouse gases.

Research & information: general --- lignocellulosic biomass --- solid-state fermentation --- enzymatic hydrolysis --- aerated bioreactor --- Aspergillus oryzae --- lignin --- lignocellulose --- aromatics --- biobased --- epoxy --- fatty acid --- biopolymers --- biobased materials --- biorenewable --- bio-based filament --- 3D printing --- sugarcane bagasse pulp --- barley straw --- composite --- flexural strength --- biobased polyethylene --- nanocellulose --- β-cyclodextrin --- cryogels --- films --- biomaterials --- cellulose --- dialdehyde cellulose --- organosilane chemistry --- 29Si NMR --- solid state NMR --- silanization --- lignocellulose valorization --- 'lignin-first' --- reductive catalytic fractionation --- lignocellulose nanofibers --- horticultural residues --- paperboard --- recycling --- biosurfactants --- enzymatic saccharification --- fermentation --- quinoa saponins --- steam-pretreated spruce --- lignocellulosic material --- xylose --- furfural --- iron chloride --- microwave reactor --- biorefinery --- electrosynthesis --- biomass --- carbohydrate --- saccharides --- electro-oxidation --- electroreduction --- residue --- agro-industry --- high-value products --- banana --- torrefaction --- Jerusalem artichoke --- biofuel --- energy crops --- agiculture --- micro-fibrillated cellulose --- formaldehyde adhesives --- wood-based panels --- kraft lignin --- adsorbent material --- copper adsorption --- H2S adsorption --- H2S removal