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Behaviour. --- Calves. --- Growth-performance. --- Growth. --- Housing. --- Meat quality. --- Meat. --- Performance. --- Quality.

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This paper applies the Growth Identification and Facilitation Framework developed by Lin and Monga (2010) to Nigeria. It identifies as appropriate comparator countries China, India, Indonesia, and Vietnam, and selects a wide range of industries in which these comparator countries may be losing their comparative advantage and which may therefore lend themselves to targeted interventions of the government to fast-track growth. These industries include food processing, light manufacturing, suitcases, shoes, car parts, and petrochemicals. The paper also discusses binding constraints to growth in each of these value chains as well as mechanisms through which governance-related issues in the implementation of industrial policy could be addressed.

E-Business --- Economic Theory & Research --- Employment intensity --- Environmental Economics & Policies --- Facilitation framework --- Growth identification --- Growth performance --- Labor Policies --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Technological innovation --- Transport Economics Policy & Planning

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Infrastructure contributed 1 percentage point to Senegal's improved per capita growth performance between 2000 and 2005, placing it in the middle of the distribution among West African countries. Raising the country's infrastructure endowment to that of the region's middle-income countries (MICs) could boost annual growth by about 2.7 percentage points. Senegal has made significant progress in some areas of its infrastructure, including the transport, electricity, water, and information-and-communication-technology (ICT) sectors. But looking ahead, the country faces important infrastructure challenges, including improving road conditions, boosting air and rail traffic, updating electricity infrastructure, and boosting the pace of expansion of the water-and-sanitation network. Senegal currently spends around USD 911 million per year on infrastructure, with USD 312 million lost annually to inefficiencies. Comparing spending needs with existing spending and potential efficiency gains leaves an annual funding gap of USD 578 million per year. Senegal has the potential close this gap by bringing in more private-sector investment.

E-Business --- Electricity infrastructure --- Information and communication technology --- Infrastructure Economics --- Infrastructure Economics and Finance --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Middle-income countries --- Per capita growth performance --- Public Sector Economics --- Roads & Highways --- Transport Economics Policy & Planning --- Water and sanitation network

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Despite general economic decline and power-supply deficiencies, infrastructure made a modest net contribution of just less than half a percentage point to Zimbabwe's improved per capita growth performance in recent years. Raising the country's infrastructure endowment to that of the region's middle-income countries could boost annual growth by about 2.4 percentage points. Zimbabwe made significant progress in infrastructure in its early period as an independent state, building a national electricity network with regional interconnections, an extensive and internationally connected road network, and a water and sewer system. But the country has been unable to maintain its existing infrastructure since it became immersed in economic and political turmoil in the late 1990s. Zimbabwe now faces a number of important infrastructure challenges, the most pressing of which lie in the power and water sectors, where deteriorating conditions pose risks to the economy and public health. Zimbabwe currently spends about USD 0.8 billion per year on infrastructure, though USD 0.7 billion of this is lost to inefficiencies of various kinds. Even if these inefficiencies were fully captured, Zimbabwe would still face an infrastructure funding gap of USD 0.6 billion per year. That staggering figure can be reduced, however, to USD 0.4 billion if the country adopts a more modest spending scenario, or even to USD 0.1 billion under a minimalist, maintenance-only scenario. To close the gap, Zimbabwe needs to raise additional public, private-sector, and international funding, which, when coupled with the prospect of economic rebound and prudent policies, would allow the country to regain its historic infrastructure advantages.

Annual growth --- Energy Production and Transportation --- Funding gap --- Infrastructure Economics --- Infrastructure Economics and Finance --- Infrastructure endowment --- Macroeconomics and Economic Growth --- Per capita growth performance --- Public health --- Town Water Supply and Sanitation --- Transport Economics Policy & Planning --- Water Supply and Systems

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The public interest and the pressure from authorities to reduce the use of antibiotics in pig production is pushing producers to look for other alternatives. One alternative proposed and studied in this thesis is the use of synbiotics. This mixture of probiotics and prebiotics has many advantages and could play an essential role in pig farming, especially after weaning. The main objective of synbiotics is to influence the gut microbiota to take advantage of its positive influence on the overall health of the animal.
This thesis, divided into three experiments, aims to test and compare the direct (supplementation to piglets) and indirect (supplementation to sows) effects of five different synbiotics on piglet 
performances, behaviour, and the potential presence of diarrhoea over two periods: the lactation 
period (three weeks) and the post-weaning period (two weeks). The synbiotics tested are mixtures of a single probiotic and a single prebiotic in order to compare the individual effects of these components. For this purpose, synbiotics were continuously distributed to sows from day 80 of gestation until piglets weaning. The piglets received the treatment from birth until weaning, three weeks later. 
The observed results showed the significant impact of the synbiotics Syn1, Syn3 and Syn4 on the increase of the average daily gain in post-weaning, the significant increase of the average daily gain with Syn2 in the lactation period, and the positive impact of Syn5 on the average weight of piglets two weeks after weaning. The impact of symbiotics on piglets’ behaviour was also observed.
In conclusion, this study demonstrated the positive effects of synbiotics on the performance of piglets at several stages of their development in early life (five weeks) and proves the interest of synbiotics as an alternative to the use of antibiotics. This work can be used as a basis for future experiments and research on synbiotics regarding the individual effects of probiotics and prebiotics. L’intérêt général ainsi que la pression des autorités pour diminuer l’usage d’antibiotiques dans la production porcine pousse les producteurs à se tourner vers d’autres alternatives. Une alternative proposée et étudiée dans cette thèse est l’usage de symbiotiques. Ce mélange de probiotiques et prébiotiques présente de nombreux intérêts et pourrait jouer un rôle essentiel dans l’élevage porcin, en particulier au moment du sevrage. L’objectif principal des symbiotiques est d’influencer le microbiote intestinal pour profiter de son influence positive sur la santé générale de l’animal.
Cette thèse, divisée en trois expérimentations, a pour objectif de tester et comparer les effets directs (compléments donnés aux porcelets) et indirects (compléments donnés aux truies) de cinq symbiotiques sur les performances des porcelets, sur leur comportement et sur la présence potentielle de diarrhée sur deux périodes : la période de lactation (trois semaines) et la période post-sevrage (deux semaines). Les symbiotiques testés sont des mélanges d’un probiotique et d’un prébiotique dans le but de comparer les effets individuels de ces composants. Pour ce faire, les symbiotiques ont été distribué en continu aux truies à partir du jour 80 de la gestation jusqu’au sevrage des porcelets. Les porcelets, quant à eux, ont reçu le traitement à partir de leur naissance et ce, jusqu’au sevrage trois semaines plus tard. 
Les résultats observés ont permis de montrer l’impact significatif des symbiotiques Syn1, Syn 3 et Syn4 sur l’augmentation du gain quotidien moyen en post-sevrage, l’augmentation significative du gain quotidien moyen avec Syn2 en période de lactation, et l’impact positif de Syn5 sur le poids moyen des porcelets deux semaines après le sevrage. L’impact des symbiotiques sur le comportement des porcelets a également été observé. 
Pour conclure, cette étude a permis de démontrer les effets positifs de symbiotiques sur les performances des porcelets à plusieurs étapes de leur développement en début de vie (cinq semaines), et prouve ainsi l’intérêt des symbiotiques en tant qu’alternative à l’utilisation d’antibiotiques. Ce travail pourra servir de base à de futures expérimentations et recherches sur les symbiotiques visant les effets individuels de probiotiques et prébiotiques.

synbiotic --- probiotic --- prebiotic --- pig --- microbiota --- gut health --- growth performance --- diarrhoea --- antibiotic --- piglet behaviour --- symbiotique --- probiotique --- prébiotique --- porc --- microbiote --- santé intestinale --- performances de croissance --- diarrhée --- antibiotique --- comportement des porcelets --- Sciences du vivant > Productions animales & zootechnie --- Sciences du vivant > Agriculture & agronomie