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General and specific recommendations for grounding current and voltage transformer secondary circuits and cases of connected equipment are covered in this guide. Although most diagrams included in this guide show relaying applications, the recommended practices applyequally to metering and other areas where instrument transformers are used. Grounding practices presently used, and practices that were not previously reported, are included in this guide. Specifically, a review of other than North American grounding practices is included.

Electric currents --- Grounding --- Standards. --- Grounding.

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The purpose of this guide is: 1 To review grounding practices with especial reference to safety. 2 To establish, as a basis for design, the safe limits for potential differences which can exist in a station, under fault conditions, between points which can be contacted by the human body. 3 To provide a step by step guide for the design of practical grounding systems based on these limits. 4 To recommend test methods for obtaining data for the design of ground systems, and for verifying the adequacy of ground systems as constructed. 5 To develop mathematical methods as an aid in the understanding and solution of typical ground gradient problems. 6 To make available in English translation, some of the more pertinent and valuable foreign language articles. 7 To provide a comprehensive bibliography, with abstracts, of existing literature related to the subject, for the benefit of those seeking additional information not included herein.

Electric currents --- Grounding.

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This guide is primarily concerned with outdoor ac substations, either conventional or gas-insulated. These include distribution, transmission, and generating plant substations. With proper caution, the methods described herein are also applicable to indoor portions of such substations, or to substations that are wholly indoors. No attempt is made to cover the grounding problems peculiar to dc substations. A quantitative analysis of the effects of lightning surges isalso beyond the scope of this guide. (Incorporates IEEE Std P80-2013/Cor 1-2015).

Electric currents --- Grounding.

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The practices described in this guide apply to all instrument transformers, including capacitive voltage transformers (VTs) and linear couplers, irrespective of primary voltage or whether the primary windings are connected to, or are in, power circuits or are connected in the secondary circuits of other transformers as auxiliary current transformers (CTs) or VTs. This guide does not discuss the grounding of some applications. For example, grounding of gas insulated substations and metal clad switchgear is not discussed in this guide; the reader will find these topics addressed in IEEE Std 242. The grounding of circuits of core-balance CTs is also not discussed in this guide. The reader can also find this information in IEEE Std 242. Another issue that is not discussed in this guide is the practice of using separate safety and control grounds. For discussion on this topic, the reader is directed to IEEE Std 665.

Electric currents --- Standards. --- Grounding.

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The neutral grounding of single- and three-phase ac electric-utility primary distribution systems with nominal voltages in the range of 2.4 kV 34.5 kV is addressed. Classes of distribution-systems grounding are defined. Basic considerations in distribution-system grounding concerning economics, control of temporary overvoltages, control of ground-fault currents, and ground relaying are addressed. Also considered is the use of grounding transformers, grounding of high-voltage neutral of wye-delta distribution transformers, and interconnection of primary and secondary neutrals of distribution transformers.

Electric currents --- Grounding.