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TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING --- Power Resources / Nuclear --- Radioactive waste disposal in the ground. --- Burial of radioactive wastes --- Ground radioactive waste disposal --- Underground radioactive waste disposal --- Hazardous waste sites --- Waste disposal in the ground --- Radioactive waste repositories
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Environmental protection. Environmental technology --- Nuclear energy --- Radioactive waste disposal in the ground. --- Radioactive waste disposal in the ground --- Burial of radioactive wastes --- Ground radioactive waste disposal --- Underground radioactive waste disposal --- Hazardous waste sites --- Waste disposal in the ground --- Radioactive waste repositories
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A general consensus has been reached among technical experts that high-level radioactive waste can safely be disposed of in deep geological repositories. Safety studies are carried out to evaluate the overall capacity of a particular disposal site to confine waste and minimise radioactive releases. Since the principal way in which radioactive elements might eventually reach the biosphere is by transport of dissolved radionuclides in groundwater, the safety study calculations must be able to estimate their rate of transfer through each of the barriers surrounding the repository. It is well known that, for many radioelements, sorption reactions can lead to a reduction of the amount of radionuclides present in the solution phase. How best to take radionuclide sorption reactions into account in repository performance assessment models is the subject of this book.
Radioactive waste disposal in the ground. --- Radioactive waste management. --- Radioactive waste. --- Radioactive waste disposal in the ground --- Environmental Engineering --- Civil & Environmental Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Burial of radioactive wastes --- Ground radioactive waste disposal --- Underground radioactive waste disposal --- Hazardous waste sites --- Waste disposal in the ground --- Radioactive waste repositories --- Radioactive Waste --- Déchets radioactifs --- Elimination dans le sol
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The concept of removing long-lived radioactive wastes from the human environment by disposal in deep geological repositories was developed several decades ago. In the intervening years, research efforts world-wide have increased our knowledge and understanding of how underground disposal systems will function over very long periods of time. Significant progress has also been made towards implementation of such facilities. There have, however, been delays in the disposal programmes of several countries. This report is a review of developments in the past decade. The primary sources of information are the answers to a questionnaire provided by waste management organisations represented in the NEA Radioactive Waste Management Committee (RWMC). The latter is an international forum of senior specialists from safety authorities, waste management agencies, R&D institutions and policy-making bodies.
Geological repositories. --- Radioactive waste disposal in the ground. --- Seepage. --- Radioactive waste disposal in the ground --- Environmental Engineering --- Civil & Environmental Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Burial of radioactive wastes --- Ground radioactive waste disposal --- Underground radioactive waste disposal --- Hazardous waste sites --- Waste disposal in the ground --- Radioactive waste repositories --- Déchets radioactifs --- Elimination dans le sol --- Radioactive Waste Storing
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One of the challenges facing the continued availability of nuclear energy is that of ensuring the safe, environmentally acceptable and economic management of the waste generated during its production. There is a broad scientific and technical consensus that disposal of high-level, long-lived radioactive waste in deep geologic formations is an appropriate and safe means of isolating it from the biosphere for very long time scales. There have, however, been setbacks in the disposal programmes in many countries, primarily due to the failure of the waste management community to win sufficient public and political support. This report, which is based on recent work of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA), reviews the progress to date in this field and the further steps that may be required to implement geologic disposal, taking into account both the technical and regulatory requirements, and the need to achieve an appropriate level of societal acceptance.This book should be of interest to government and industry decision makers, academics and all those eager to better understand what is at stake in this widely debated subject and the prospects that emerge.
Radioactive waste disposal in the ground. --- Radioactive wastes -- Management. --- Radioactive wastes. --- Radioactive waste disposal in the ground --- Civil & Environmental Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Environmental Engineering --- Burial of radioactive wastes --- Ground radioactive waste disposal --- Underground radioactive waste disposal --- Hazardous waste sites --- Waste disposal in the ground --- Radioactive waste repositories --- Déchets radioactifs --- Elimination dans le sol
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Geological repositories. --- Radioactive waste disposal in the ground --- Seepage. --- Soil chemistry. --- Geological repositories --- Seepage --- Soil chemistry --- Agricultural chemistry --- Geochemistry --- Infiltration --- Water --- Hydraulics --- Soil infiltration rate --- Soil percolation --- Burial of radioactive wastes --- Ground radioactive waste disposal --- Underground radioactive waste disposal --- Hazardous waste sites --- Waste disposal in the ground --- Radioactive waste repositories --- Deep geologic repositories --- Deep geologic disposal
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A central safety function of radioactive waste disposal repositories is the prevention or sufficient retardation of radionuclide migration to the biosphere. Performance assessment exercises in various countries, and for a range of disposal scenarios, have demonstrated that one of the most important processes providing this safety function is the sorption of radionuclides along potential migration paths beyond the engineered barriers. Thermodynamic sorption models (TSMs) are key for improving confidence in assumptions made about such radionuclide sorption when preparing a repository's safety case. This report presents guidelines for TSM development as well as their application in repository performance assessments. They will be of particular interest to the sorption modelling community and radionuclide migration modellers in developing safety cases for radioactive waste disposal.
Radioactive waste disposal in the ground -- Safety measures. --- Radioactive waste disposal in the ground. --- Radioisotopes -- Safety measures. --- Radioactive waste disposal in the ground --- Radioisotopes --- Safety measures. --- Burial of radioactive wastes --- Ground radioactive waste disposal --- Underground radioactive waste disposal --- Hazardous waste sites --- Waste disposal in the ground --- Radioactive waste repositories
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Radioactive waste sites --- Radioactive waste disposal --- Radioactive waste disposal in the ground --- Radioactive waste disposal in the ground. --- Licenses --- Law and legislation --- Licenses. --- Law and legislation. --- Burial of radioactive wastes --- Ground radioactive waste disposal --- Underground radioactive waste disposal --- Dumping sites, Radioactive --- Radioactive dumping sites --- Radioactive waste disposal sites --- Radioactive waste facilities --- Hazardous waste sites --- Waste disposal in the ground --- Radioactive waste repositories
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Radioactive waste repositories. --- Radioactive waste disposal in the ground. --- Burial of radioactive wastes --- Ground radioactive waste disposal --- Underground radioactive waste disposal --- Hazardous waste sites --- Waste disposal in the ground --- Radioactive waste repositories --- Nuclear waste repositories --- Geological repositories --- Radioactive waste sites --- Radioactive waste disposal in the ground
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