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Richard Feynman aborde ici la théorie de la gravitation de manière parfaitement originale. Au lieu de l'approche géométrique traditionnelle de la relativité générale, il démontre comment la construction d'une théorie consistante d'un champ de spin-2 denué de masse (le graviton) conduit inexorablement à la relativité générale d'Einstein. On y retrouve ces digressions et remarques sur les fondements de la physique et toute une série d'autres questions qui en font un livre toujours stimulant et parfois provocant, voire drôle. Ces leçons sur la gravitation ont été rédigées à partir de notes prises au séminaire de Feynman en 1962-1963 par deux étudiants, Fernando B. Morinigo et William G. Wagner, et corrigées par lui.

Gravitation. --- Quantum gravity. --- Gravitation. --- Gravité quantique.

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This graduate textbook provides an introduction to quantum gravity, when spacetime is two-dimensional. The quantization of gravity is the main missing piece of theoretical physics, but in two dimensions it can be done explicitly with elementary mathematical tools, but it still has most of the conceptional riddles present in higher dimensional (not yet known) quantum gravity. It provides an introduction to a very interdisciplinary field, uniting physics (quantum geometry) and mathematics (combinatorics) in a non-technical way, requiring no prior knowledge of quantum field theory or general relativity. Using the path integral, the chapters provide self-contained descriptions of random walks, random trees and random surfaces as statistical systems where the free relativistic particle, the relativistic bosonic string and two-dimensional quantum gravity are obtained as scaling limits at phase transition points of these statistical systems. The geometric nature of the theories allows one to perform the path integral by counting geometries. In this way the quantization of geometry becomes closely linked to the mathematical fields of combinatorics and probability theory. By counting the geometries, it is shown that the two-dimensional quantum world is fractal at all scales unless one imposes restrictions on the geometries. It is also discussed in simple terms how quantum geometry and quantum matter can interact strongly and change the properties both of the geometries and of the matter systems. It requires only basic undergraduate knowledge of classical mechanics, statistical mechanics and quantum mechanics, as well as some basic knowledge of mathematics at undergraduate level. It will be an ideal textbook for graduate students in theoretical and statistical physics and mathematics studying quantum gravity and quantum geometry. Key features: Presents the first elementary introduction to quantum geometry Explores how to understand quantum geometry without prior knowledge beyond bachelor level physics and mathematics. Contains exercises, problems and solutions to supplement and enhance learning.

Geometric quantization. --- Quantum gravity. --- Quantification géométrique. --- Gravité quantique.

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Pionnier dans l'étude de la gravité quantique, Carlo Rovelli propose dans ce livre une vaste fresque des grandes avancées de la physique. Des atomes de Démocrite aux "atomes d'espace", de la chaleur des trous noirs au hypothèses sur le rôle de l'information dans notre perception de la réalité, il nous guide, sans aucune équation, sur le fascinant chemin des grandes théories - physique quantique, relativité générale - qui ont changé notre vision du monde et nous ont dévoilé, par-delà le visible, une autre réalité. Atomes, quanta et espace-temps courbe mènent le lecteur vers l'étrange image du réel suggérée par la physique d'aujourd'hui : celle d'un monde sans espace ni temps, ni énergie. Seulement un fourmillement probabiliste de quanta élémentaires qui, dans leur dans danse folle, dessinent l'espace, le temps, la matière et la lumière. C'est la trame d'un nouveau regard sur la réalité qui se révèle sous la plume d'un merveilleux conteur.

Gravité quantique. --- Réalité. --- Espace et temps. --- Relativité (physique) --- Physique --- Histoire. --- Quantum gravity --- Reality --- Space and time --- Relativity (Physics) --- Physics --- Gravité quantique --- Réalité --- Espace et temps --- Relativité (Physique) --- History --- Histoire --- Gravité quantique --- Réalité --- Relativité (Physique) --- Quantum gravity. --- Reality. --- Space and time. --- Relativité (physique) --- History. --- Gravité quantique. --- Réalité.

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Applications of quantum field theoretical methods to gravitational physics, both in the semiclassical and the full quantum frameworks, require a careful formulation of the fundamental basis of quantum theory, with special attention to such important issues as renormalization, quantum theory of gauge theories, and especially effective action formalism. The first part of this graduate textbook provides both a conceptual and technical introduction to the theory of quantum fields. The presentation is consistent, starting from elements of group theory, classical fields, and moving on to the effective action formalism in general gauge theories. Compared to other existing books, the general formalism of renormalization in described in more detail, and special attention paid to gauge theories. This part can serve as a textbook for a one-semester introductory course in quantum field theory.In the second part, we discuss basic aspects of quantum field theory in curved space, and perturbative quantum gravity. More than half of Part II is written with a full exposition of details, and includes elaborated examples of simplest calculations. All chapters include exercises ranging from very simple ones to those requiring small original investigations. The selection of material of the second part is done using the "must-know" principle. This means we included detailed expositions of relatively simple techniques and calculations, expecting that the interested reader will be able to learn more advanced issues. Independently after working through the basic material, and completing the exercises.

Quantum gravity. --- Quantum field theory. --- Gravité quantique. --- Théorie quantique des champs.

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Quantum mechanics. Quantumfield theory --- Quantum gravity. --- General relativity (Physics) --- Space and time. --- Gravité quantique --- Relativité générale (Physique) --- Espace et temps --- Quantum gravity --- Space and time --- General relativity (Physics). --- Gravité quantique --- Relativité générale (Physique)