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Case-systems all over the world exhibit striking similarities. In most languages intransitive subjects (S) receives less overt marking than one of the two transitive arguments (agent-like A or patient-like P); the other one of these two arguments is usually encoded by the same form as S. In some languages the amount of overt marking is identical between S, A, and P. But hardly ever does the S argument receive more overt marking than A or P. Yet there are some languages that do not follow this general pattern. This book is about those languages that behave differently, the marked-S languages. Marked-S languages are well-known to be found in East Africa, where they occur in two different language families, Afro-Asiatic and Nilo-Sa-haran. They can also be found in North-Western America and the Pacific region. This book is the first investigation of marked S-languages that treats the phenomenon on a global scale. The study examines the functional distribution of the two main case-forms, the form used for S (S-case) and the case-form of the transitive argument which receives less marking (the zero-case). It offers a very fine-grained perspective considering a wide range of constructions. The contexts in which the case-marking patterns are investigated include nominal, existential and locational predication, subjects in special discourse function (e. g. focused constituents), subjects of passives and dependent clauses, as well as the forms used for addressing someone (vocative form)and for using a noun in isolation (citation form). Apart from the functional distribution of case forms, the formal means of marking are also considered. The main focus is on the synchronic description and comparison of marked-S languages, but historical explanations for the unusual case-marking pattern are also discussed.

Functionalism (Linguistics) --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Case. --- Functional analysis (Linguistics) --- Functional grammar --- Functional linguistics --- Functional-structural analysis (Linguistics) --- Grammar, Functional --- Grammatical functions --- Linguistics --- Structural linguistics --- Philology --- Case

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This article extends the boundaries of Columbia School linguistic semantic theory by applying its analytical constructs to nonlinguistic behaviors, where, as in language, there exist systematicity and arbitrariness: food; construction of social and gender identity; and use of architectural, private, and urban space. Further, meaningful elements of these behaviors vary analogously to Labovian sociolinguistic feature variation. The guiding orientation is that human behavior is structured not by an unmotivated, autonomous culture, but is communicative and social, interpreted by people as signals with meanings; and these meanings are discerned as interpreting power, prestige and identity. Data come primarily from fieldwork in Lamu (Kenya) and Thailand.

Linguistics --- Functionalism (linguistics). --- Functionele linguïstiek. --- Funktionalismus (linguistik). --- Functionalism (Linguistics) --- Functional analysis (Linguistics) --- Functional grammar --- Functional linguistics --- Functional-structural analysis (Linguistics) --- Grammar, Functional --- Grammatical functions --- Structural linguistics --- Philosophy --- Language.

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Introduction When one takes a functional approach to the study of natural languages, the ultimate questions one is interested in can be formulated as: How does the natural language user (NLU) work? How do speakers and addressees succeed ...

Functionalism (Linguistics). --- Functionalism (Linguistics) --- Grammar --- Functional analysis (Linguistics) --- Functional grammar --- Functional linguistics --- Functional-structural analysis (Linguistics) --- Grammar, Functional --- Grammatical functions --- Linguistics --- Structural linguistics --- English language --- Syntax. --- Germanic languages

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Functionalism (Linguistics) --- Functional analysis (Linguistics) --- Functional grammar --- Functional linguistics --- Functional-structural analysis (Linguistics) --- Grammar, Functional --- Grammatical functions --- Linguistics --- Structural linguistics --- Grammar

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Researching Language in Schools and Communities is designed for those who intend to carry out and / or study research in children's language development, teaching English as a second language, children's literature, casual conversation, social class and language variation, classroom discourse, reading processes, teaching writing, literacy and curriculum area learning, critical literacies and related areas. The contributors are among the foremost researchers in these fields. In this book they introduce approaches to help investigate such areas in applied language research using systemic

Linguistics --- Functionalism (Linguistics) --- Functional analysis (Linguistics) --- Functional grammar --- Functional linguistics --- Functional-structural analysis (Linguistics) --- Grammar, Functional --- Grammatical functions --- Structural linguistics --- Research. --- Functionalism (Linguistics).