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Tuberculosis --- Microbiological Techniques --- Mycobacterium --- Mycobacterium Infections --- Mycobacteriaceae --- Clinical Laboratory Techniques --- Actinomycetales --- Actinomycetales Infections --- Investigative Techniques --- Gram-Positive Asporogenous Rods, Regular --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Actinobacteria --- Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections --- Gram-Positive Asporogenous Rods --- Gram-Positive Bacteria --- Gram-Positive Rods --- Bacterial Infections --- Bacteria --- Bacterial Infections and Mycoses --- Diseases --- Organisms --- Mycobacterium tuberculosis --- Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant --- Bacteriological Techniques --- Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures. --- Tuberculosis. --- Microbiological Techniques. --- Mycobacterium. --- Mycobacterium Infections. --- Mycobacteriaceae. --- Clinical Laboratory Techniques. --- Actinomycetales. --- Actinomycetales Infections. --- Investigative Techniques. --- Gram-Positive Asporogenous Rods, Regular. --- Actinobacteria. --- Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections. --- Gram-Positive Asporogenous Rods. --- Gram-Positive Bacteria. --- Gram-Positive Rods. --- Bacterial Infections. --- Bacteria. --- Bacterial Infections and Mycoses. --- Disease. --- Mycobacterium tuberculosis. --- Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant. --- Bacteriological Techniques.

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Corynebacterium glutamicum was discovered in Japan in 1956 as a natural glutamate producer. Its “microbial factory” qualities, such as its physiological plasticity and robust catalytic functionalities, have since facilitated the development of efficient production processes for amino acids, nucleotides and vitamins. This monograph illustrates how the information gleaned from complete genome sequencing allows the rational engineering of the entire cellular metabolism and how systems biology permits the further optimization of C. glutamicum as a biocatalyst. Aspects of gene regulation, metabolic pathways, sugar uptake, protein secretion, cell division and biorefinery applications highlight the enormous biotechnological and biorefinery potential.

Amino acids -- Biotechnology -- Handbooks, manuals, etc. --- Corynebacterium glutamicum -- Handbooks, manuals, etc. --- Glutamic acid -- Biotechnology -- Handbooks, manuals, etc. --- Corynebacterium glutamicum --- Technology --- Corynebacterium --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Technology, Industry, and Agriculture --- Actinomycetales --- Gram-Positive Asporogenous Rods, Irregular --- Gram-Positive Asporogenous Rods --- Technology, Industry, Agriculture --- Actinobacteria --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Gram-Positive Rods --- Gram-Positive Bacteria --- Bacteria --- Organisms --- Biotechnology --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Corynebacterium glutamicum. --- Corynebacterium. --- Corynebacterium lilium --- Micrococcus glutamicus --- Life sciences. --- Biotechnology. --- Microbiology. --- Biochemistry. --- Life Sciences. --- Applied Microbiology. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Corynebacteriaceae --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Microbial biology --- Microorganisms --- Composition

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Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been used as a biopesticide in agriculture, forestry and mosquito control because of its advantages of specific toxicity against target insects, lack of polluting residues and safety to non-target organisms. The insecticidal properties of this bacterium are due to insecticidal proteins produced during sporulation. Despite these ecological benefits, the use of Bt biopesticides has lagged behind the synthetic chemicals. Genetic improvement of Bt natural strains, in particular Bt recombination, offers a promising means of improving efficacy and cost-effectiveness of Bt-based bioinsecticide products to develop new biotechnological applications. On the other hand, the different Bacillus species have important biotechnological applications; one of them is carried out by producing secondary metabolites, which are the study object of natural product chemistry. The amazing structural variability of these compounds has attracted the curiosity of chemists and the biological activities possessed by natural products have inspired the pharmaceutical industry to search for lead structures in microbial extracts. Screening of microbial extracts reveals the large structural diversity of natural compounds with broad biological activities, such as antimicrobial, antiviral, immunosuppressive, and antitumor activities that enable the bacterium to survive in its natural environment. These findings widen the target range of Bacillus spp., in special B. thuringiensis, besides insecticidal activity and help people to better understand its role in soil ecosystem.

Bacillus thuringiensis -- Biotechnology. --- Bacillus thuringiensis. --- Biotechnology. --- Life sciences. --- Bacillus --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Technology --- Pest Control --- Technology, Industry, and Agriculture --- Bacillaceae --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Communicable Disease Control --- Technology, Industry, Agriculture --- Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Rods --- Bacillales --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Public Health Practice --- Gram-Positive Rods --- Public Health --- Gram-Positive Endospore-Forming Bacteria --- Gram-Positive Bacteria --- Environment and Public Health --- Endospore-Forming Bacteria --- Bacteria --- Health Care --- Organisms --- Bacillus thuringiensis --- Pest Control, Biological --- Biotechnology --- Mechanical Engineering --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Bioengineering --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Chemistry. --- Microbiology. --- Agriculture. --- Applied Microbiology. --- Life Sciences, general. --- Chemical engineering --- Genetic engineering --- Bacillus (Bacteria) --- Farming --- Husbandry --- Industrial arts --- Life sciences --- Food supply --- Land use, Rural --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Microbial biology --- Microorganisms

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The Ecology of Mycobacteria principally emphasizes the ecological characteristics of the environmental mycobacteria. It is now well understood that the incidence and prevalence of potentially pathogenic mycobacteria is increasing in humans and animals. Further, proof that mycobacteria are normal inhabitants of drinking water distribution systems and household water systems, indicates that humans and animals are surrounded by mycobacteria and thus at risk. It is anticipated that the emphasis on ecology and routes of infection will result in a text of widespread use for clinicians and for research scientists in medicine, academia, and industry. In addition to identifying habitats and thereby sources of mycobacteria infecting humans and animals, the text identifies those mycobacterial characteristics that determine its range of habitats. Additionally, the text comments critically on the available methods to identify those protocols with values in mycobacterial research. In that manner, although there are no chapters specifically devoted to methods, superior methods for mycobacteria will be identified. A new text is needed for the mycobacteria because the prevalence of disease caused by the environmental potentially pathogenic mycobacteria is increasing. This increase is due to a number of factors. Host factors contribute to an increasing population of individuals more susceptible to mycobacterial infection. For example, the aging of the human population and the increasing frequency of immunosuppressed individuals as a result of infection (e.g. HIV), chemotherapy, and transplant-associated immunosuppression are all factors leading to increased susceptibility of infection with environment derived mycobacteria. Moreover, the role of mycobacteria as triggers in different autoimmune diseases is more and more evident. It is highly probable that peptidoglycans, lipoglycans, lipoproteins, heat shock proteins and some other structures from the mycobacterial cell wall, participate in different pathways of non-specific inflammatory reactions in humans, namely those with a specific genetic disposition. In such events mycobacteria in drinking water and food, even devitalized, have to be considered as a public health risk. Second, human-engineered systems such as drinking water distribution systems are creating a habitat for the selection and proliferation of the potentially pathogenic mycobacteria. In as much as drinking water brings together overlapping habitats of both mycobacteria and humans and animals, a review of mycobacterial ecology is timely. The ecology of mycobacteria helps to understand the circulation of mycobacteria into the respective disciplines such as epidemiology, epizootology, immunology, environmental ecology, animal husbandry and environment conservation.

Ecology. --- Mycobacteria -- Ecology. --- Mycobacteria. --- Mycobacteria --- Actinomycetales Infections --- Mycobacteriaceae --- Earth Sciences --- Public Health --- Microbiology --- Biology --- Mycobacterium --- Ecology --- Environmental Microbiology --- Mycobacterium Infections --- Gram-Positive Asporogenous Rods, Regular --- Environment and Public Health --- Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections --- Biological Science Disciplines --- Natural Science Disciplines --- Actinomycetales --- Health Care --- Actinobacteria --- Bacterial Infections --- Gram-Positive Asporogenous Rods --- Disciplines and Occupations --- Bacterial Infections and Mycoses --- Gram-Positive Rods --- Gram-Positive Bacteria --- Bacteria --- Diseases --- Organisms --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Microbial ecology. --- Environmental microbiology --- Microorganisms --- Mycobacterial ecology --- Life sciences. --- Infectious diseases. --- Epidemiology. --- Veterinary medicine. --- Microbiology. --- Bacteriology. --- Life Sciences. --- Infectious Diseases. --- Microbial Ecology. --- Veterinary Medicine. --- Microbial ecology --- Emerging infectious diseases. --- Veterinary Medicine/Veterinary Science. --- Public health --- Emerging infections --- New infectious diseases --- Re-emerging infectious diseases --- Reemerging infectious diseases --- Communicable diseases --- Farriery --- Large animal medicine --- Large animal veterinary medicine --- Livestock medicine --- Veterinary science --- Medicine --- Animal health --- Animals --- Domestic animals --- Livestock --- Microbial biology --- Losses