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This book provides information about microbial mats, from early fossils to modern mats located in marine and terrestrial environments. Microbial mats – layered biofilms containing different types of cells – are most complex systems in which representatives of various groups of organisms are found together. Among them are cyanobacteria and eukaryotic phototrophs, aerobic heterotrophic and chemoautotrophic bacteria, protozoa, anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria, and other types of microorganisms. These mats are perfect models for biogeochemical processes, such as the cycles of chemical elements, in which a variety of microorganisms cooperate and interact in complex ways. They are often found under extreme conditions and their study contributes to our understanding of extremophilic life. Moreover, microbial mats are models for Precambrian stromatolites; the study of modern microbial mats may provide information on the processes that may have occurred on Earth when prokaryotic life began to spread.

Fossils. --- Microbial mats. --- Microbial mats --- Micropaleontology --- Stromatolites --- Life --- Extreme environments --- Cyanobacteria --- Microbiological Phenomena --- Biofilms --- Bacteria --- Phenomena and Processes --- Gram-Negative Oxygenic Photosynthetic Bacteria --- Organisms --- Gram-Negative Bacteria --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Biology - General --- Biology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Origin --- Mats, Microbial --- Life sciences. --- Earth sciences. --- Geobiology. --- Ecology. --- Microbial ecology. --- Microbiology. --- Life Sciences. --- Earth Sciences, general. --- Life Sciences, general. --- Microbial Ecology. --- Biogeosciences. --- Microbial aggregation --- Microbial ecology --- Geography. --- Environmental microbiology --- Microorganisms --- Ecology --- Microbiology --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Cosmography --- Earth sciences --- World history --- Balance of nature --- Bionomics --- Ecological processes --- Ecological science --- Ecological sciences --- Environment --- Environmental biology --- Oecology --- Environmental sciences --- Population biology --- Microbial biology --- Ecology . --- Biosphere --- Geosciences --- Physical sciences

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ISPP2009, the 13th International Symposium on Phototrophic Prokaryotes, was held in Montreal, Canada, from August 9 to August 14. This was only the second time that the ISPP series was in North America. ISPP2009 was well attended with about 280 registered participants from over 30 countries. A stimulating and inf- mative program showcased the recent developments in this ever-evolving eld. This is always one of my favourite conference series to attend because not only does it inform my speci c research passions, it broadly educates me in ways that improve my teaching and increase my breadth of understanding in a variety of outside areas. Indeed, the ISPP series brings together a broad spectrum of interests, techniques, and disciplines. Both established researchers and newcomers to this eld gave oral presentations in a large number (80) of plenary and parallel symposia sessions which proved to have active audience participation and lively discussions. A large number of excellent poster presentations supplemented the oral program. I think that the high quality of the scienti c presentations, as well as the enjoyable social events, was widely appreciated. Things ran very smoothly, from the original registration to the closing ceremony, thanks to Isabel Stengler and her team at IS Event Solutions.

Photosynthetic bacteria. --- Prokaryotes. --- Prokaryotes --- Photosynthetic bacteria --- Cyanobacteria --- Rhodospirillaceae --- Congresses --- Prokaryotic Cells --- Cells --- Bacteria --- Publication Formats --- Gram-Negative Oxygenic Photosynthetic Bacteria --- Gram-Negative Aerobic Rods and Cocci --- Rhodospirillales --- Anatomy --- Gram-Negative Bacteria --- Alphaproteobacteria --- Publication Characteristics --- Organisms --- Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria --- Proteobacteria --- Microbiology & Immunology --- Medical Research --- Biology --- Medicine --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Monera --- Procaryotae --- Procaryotes --- Prokaryonta --- Prokaryotae --- Prokaryotic protists --- Bacteria, Blue-green --- Blue-green algae --- Blue-green bacteria --- Blue-greens (Microorganisms) --- Cryptophyceae --- Cyanochloronta --- Cyanophyceae --- Cyanophycota --- Cyanophyta --- Myxophyceae --- Myxophyta --- Phycochromophyceae --- Schizophyceae --- Athiorhodaceae --- Life sciences. --- Renewable energy resources. --- Immunology. --- Biochemistry. --- Microbiology. --- Bacteriology. --- Renewable energy sources. --- Alternate energy sources. --- Green energy industries. --- Life Sciences. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Renewable and Green Energy. --- Green energy industries --- Energy industries --- Alternate energy sources --- Alternative energy sources --- Energy sources, Renewable --- Sustainable energy sources --- Power resources --- Renewable natural resources --- Agriculture and energy --- Microbiology --- Microbial biology --- Microorganisms --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Immunobiology --- Life sciences --- Serology --- Biosciences --- Sciences, Life --- Science --- Composition