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This volume explores the compositional semantics of clausal complementation, and proposes a theory in which clause-embedding predicates are uniformly “question-oriented”, i.e., they take a set of propositions as their semantic argument. This theory opens up new horizons for the study of embedded questions and clausal complementation, and presents a successful case study on how lexical semantics interacts with syntax and compositional semantics. It offers new perspectives on issues in epistemology and the philosophy of language, such as the relationship between know-wh and know-that and the nature of attitudinal objects in general. Cross-linguistically, attitude predicates such as know, tell and surprise, can embed both declarative and interrogative clauses. Since these clauses are taken to represent different semantic objects, like propositions and questions, the embedding behavior of these predicates poses puzzles for the compositional semantics of clausal complementation. In addition, the fact that some verbs “select for” a certain complement type poses further challenges for compositional semantics. This volume addresses these issues based on a uniformly question-oriented analysis of attitude predicates, and proposes to derive their variable behaviors from their lexical semantics. The book is essential reading for linguists working on the syntax and semantics of clausal complementation, as well as those interested in the role of lexical semantics in compositional semantics. It will also be valuable for philosophers who are interested in applying linguistic tools to address philosophical problems.

Linguistics. --- Language and languages—Philosophy. --- Philosophy of Language. --- Linguistic science --- Science of language --- Language and languages --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Clauses. --- Complement. --- Linguistics --- Philology --- Gramàtica comparada --- Comparatisme --- Gramàtica contrastiva --- Gramàtica --- Tipologia (Lingüística) --- Gramàtica generativa

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Adquisició d'una segona llengua --- Gramàtica comparada --- Comparatisme --- Gramàtica contrastiva --- Gramàtica --- Tipologia (Lingüística) --- Gramàtica generativa --- ASL --- SLA --- Aprenentatge d'una segona llengua --- Adquisició del llenguatge --- Interllenguatge (Aprenentatge de llengües) --- Aprenentatge integrat de continguts i llengües estrangeres --- Second language acquisition. --- Second language learning --- Language acquisition

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What do we mean when we say things like 'If only we knew what he was up to!' Clearly this is more than just a message, or a question to our addressee. We are expressing simultaneously that we don't know, and also that we wish to know. Several modes of encoding contribute to such modalities of expression: word order, subordinating subjunctions, sentences that are subordinated but nevertheless occur autonomously, and attitudinal discourse adverbs which, far beyond lexical adverbials of modality, allow the speaker and the listener to presuppose full agreement, partial agreement under presupposed conditions, or negotiation of common ground. This state of the art survey proposes a new model of modality, drawing on data from a variety of Germanic and Slavic languages to find out what is cross-linguistically universal about modality, and to argue that it is a constitutive part of human cognition.

Modality (Linguistics) --- Grammar, Comparative and general --- Pragmatics. --- Semantics. --- Formal semantics --- Semasiology --- Semiology (Semantics) --- Comparative linguistics --- Information theory --- Language and languages --- Lexicology --- Meaning (Psychology) --- Pragmalinguistics --- General semantics --- Logic, Symbolic and mathematical --- Semantics (Philosophy) --- Syntax --- Linguistics --- Syntax. --- Philosophy --- Modalitat (Lingüística) --- Gramàtica comparada --- Pragmàtica (Lingüística) --- Semàntica --- Semàntica (Lingüística) --- Semasiologia --- Lingüística --- Significació (Psicologia) --- Ambigüitat --- Anàlisi del discurs --- Antònims --- Col·locació (Lingüística) --- Connotació (Lingüística) --- Definició (Lògica) --- Eufemisme --- Fraseologia --- Gramàtica de Montague --- Gramaticalització --- Homònims --- Idiotismes --- Onomasiologia --- Parònims --- Semiòtica --- Sinònims --- Concepte genèric (Lingüística) --- Lexicologia --- Pragmalingüística --- Pragmàtica --- Filosofia del llenguatge --- Lògica matemàtica --- Semàntica (Filosofia) --- Marcadors del discurs --- Comparatisme --- Gramàtica contrastiva --- Gramàtica --- Tipologia (Lingüística) --- Gramàtica generativa --- Interrogació (Gramàtica) --- Philology --- Grammar, Comparative and general Syntax