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Myelin Sheath --- Nerve Tissue Proteins --- Glycosphingolipids --- Oligodendroglia --- Myelin Proteolipid Protein --- chemistry --- analysis --- analysis --- metabolism --- metabolism

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This book presents the latest knowledge and the most recent research results on glycosphingolipid (GSL)-mediated signaling. GSLs are important constituents of the plasma membrane that exert their distinct functions through binding to certain functional proteins. They play a role in various human diseases and also function as human alloantigens. Cellular GSLs are associated with many biological functions such as cellular oncotransformation, phenotype change, neuronal or embryonic development, regulation of cell division, cell–cell interaction, cell attachment, adhesion, and motility, and intracellular signaling via protein–carbohydrate or carbohydrate–carbohydrate interactions. This book opens by providing the key background on GSL glycan–receptor interactions and mammalian GSL synthesis. Up-to-date information is then presented on all aspects of GSL-dependent signaling. Viral protein and bacterial toxin protein interactions with host cell GSLs are examined in depth, and the concluding chapter is devoted to signaling regulation. The book should assist in the further development of new strategies against emerging infectious agents and intractable diseases.

Gene expression. --- Cancer research. --- Genetics. --- Biochemistry. --- Cell membranes . --- Gene Expression. --- Cancer Research. --- Genetics and Genomics. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Membrane Biology. --- Cell surfaces --- Cytoplasmic membranes --- Plasma membranes --- Plasmalemma --- Membranes (Biology) --- Glycocalyces --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Embryology --- Mendel's law --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Breeding --- Chromosomes --- Heredity --- Mutation (Biology) --- Variation (Biology) --- Cancer research --- Genes --- Genetic regulation --- Composition --- Expression --- Glycosphingolipids. --- Cellular signal transduction. --- Cellular information transduction --- Information transduction, Cellular --- Signal transduction, Cellular --- Bioenergetics --- Cellular control mechanisms --- Information theory in biology --- Asialogangliosides --- Sphingoglycolipids --- Glycolipids --- Sphingolipids

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The G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (PIBOC FEB RAS) was founded in 1964 in Vladivostok in the Far East of Russia. Over many years, we have been carrying out studies on the natural products of both marine and terrestrial origin. In collaboration with many Russian and foreign scientists, we have investigated many hundreds of diverse biomolecules, including steroids and terpenoids, quinoid compounds and alkaloids, polysaccharides and lipids, enzymes and lectins, proteins, and peptides. The Institute has a collection of marine microorganisms (KMM) PIBOC, which includes more than 4000 strains of marine bacteria and more than 1000 strains of marine fungi. The biological activity of natural compounds is also being studied. This book includes the 14 manuscripts which covered almost all aspects of PIBOC research activity in the fields of bioorganic chemistry, biochemistry, organic synthesis of natural compounds, marine microbiology, and genetic engineering, and we hope it will provide interesting new information for scientists working in these fields.

polyhydroxylated steroids --- NMR spectra --- starfish --- Anthenoides laevigatus --- cytotoxicity --- soft agar assay --- kainic acid --- domoic acid --- dysiherbaine --- neodysiherbaine A --- marine bacteria --- whole genome sequence --- porin --- amino acids composition --- bilayer lipid membrane --- pore-forming activity --- spatial structure --- phlorotannins --- phlorethols --- anticancer activity --- colorectal cancer --- radiosensitizer --- radiotherapy --- 1,4-naphthoquinones --- quinoid compounds --- thioglycosides --- quinone-sugar conjugates --- cytotoxic activity --- antibiotic activity --- histochrome --- echinochrome A --- oxidative degradation --- HPLC–DAD–MS --- NMR --- actinoporin --- sea anemone --- Heteractis crispa --- anti-migratory activity --- glycosphingolipids --- cerebrosides --- peroxidation products --- structure elucidation --- allylic thioether --- ESI-MS --- GC-MS --- mass spectra --- glass sponge --- isomalabaricanes --- Stelletta sp. --- marine sponge --- terpenoid --- Cobetia amphilecti --- Cobetia litoralis --- Cobetia pacifica --- Cobetia marina --- Cobetia crustatorum --- identification markers --- alkaline phosphatase PhoA --- lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase --- flavonoids --- enzyme inhibition --- surface plasmon resonance --- spectral titration --- molecular docking --- Zobellia --- genomes --- polysaccharide lyase family 7 --- alginate utilization system --- paralogs --- orthologs --- recombinant phospholipase A1 --- Yersinia pseudotuberculosis --- inclusion bodies --- fusion protein --- green fluorescent protein --- porin gene expression --- antibiotic stress --- phenotypic heterogeneity --- n/a --- HPLC-DAD-MS

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This book presents the latest knowledge and the most recent research results in the field of ganglioside biochemistry. The early chapters cover all relevant background on sialic acids and their biosynthesis, on N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), which cannot be synthesized by humans, and on general aspects of ganglioside research. Ganglioside adsorption, disorders of ganglioside degradation, and the regulation of gangliosides are thoroughly discussed. A major focus of the book is the role of gangliosides in cancer. Here, the discussion encompasses, for example, the biological importance, antigenicity, and immunological actions of tumor-associated gangliosides (TAGs), the significance of different glycolipids and gangliosides as TAGs, and emerging anti-cancer vaccine strategies. The ability of sialic acids and TAGs of tumor cells to escape immunosurveillance and immunoediting also receives detailed attention. The significance of sialic acids in regulation of the complement system is explained, and the closing chapter focuses especially on the role of sialyl T antigen in cancer. The book will be of value for all who are interested in functional glycobiology and glycomic studies.

Gene expression. --- Cancer research. --- Genetics. --- Biochemistry. --- Cell membranes . --- Gene Expression. --- Cancer Research. --- Genetics and Genomics. --- Biochemistry, general. --- Membrane Biology. --- Cell surfaces --- Cytoplasmic membranes --- Plasma membranes --- Plasmalemma --- Membranes (Biology) --- Glycocalyces --- Biological chemistry --- Chemical composition of organisms --- Organisms --- Physiological chemistry --- Biology --- Chemistry --- Medical sciences --- Embryology --- Mendel's law --- Adaptation (Biology) --- Breeding --- Chromosomes --- Heredity --- Mutation (Biology) --- Variation (Biology) --- Cancer research --- Genes --- Genetic regulation --- Composition --- Expression --- Gangliosides. --- Glycosphingolipids --- Bioquímica --- Càncer --- Expressió gènica --- Química biològica --- Química fisiològica --- Biologia --- Medicina --- Química --- Absorció (Fisiologia) --- Anàlisi enzimàtica --- Biodegradació --- Biodisponibilitat --- Bioelectroquímica --- Bioenergètica --- Biogeoquímica --- Biologia molecular --- Bioquímica analítica --- Bioquímica clínica --- Bioquímica física --- Bioquímica quàntica --- Biosíntesi --- Centres actius (Bioquímica) --- Citoquímica --- Composició del cos humà --- Cromatografia --- Digestió --- Enginyeria bioquímica --- Enzimologia --- Equilibri àcid-base --- Fitoquímica --- Fixació de proteïnes --- Genètica bioquímica --- Immunoquímica --- Interfícies biològiques --- Lípids --- Lligands (Bioquímica) --- Marcadors bioquímics --- Metabolisme --- Minerals en l'organisme --- Neuroquímica --- Oxidació fisiològica --- Pigments (Biologia) --- Química biorgànica --- Química clínica --- Química microbiològica --- Quimiotaxi --- Quimiotaxonomia --- Toxicologia bioquímica --- Xenobiòtics --- Histoquímica --- Expressió dels gens --- Expressió genètica --- Expressivitat genètica --- Expressivitat gènica --- Ressenya genètica --- Regulació genètica --- Vectors genètics --- Carcinoma --- Carcinosi --- Tumors --- Càncer d'ossos --- Càncer de cap --- Càncer de coll --- Càncer de bufeta --- Càncer de fetge --- Càncer de laringe --- Càncer de mama --- Càncer de pàncrees --- Càncer de pell --- Càncer de pròstata --- Càncer de pulmó --- Càncer de ronyó --- Càncer de tiroide --- Càncer d'ovari --- Càncer gastrointestinal --- Càncer ginecològic --- Càncer en els adolescents --- Càncer en els infants --- Medicaments antineoplàstics --- Melanoma --- Leucèmia --- Sarcoma --- Carcinògens --- Cèl·lules canceroses --- Cirurgia oncològica --- Infermeria oncològica --- Malalts de càncer --- Metàstasi --- Oncologia

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Antiviral agents are used for the treatment of viral diseases. Antiviral drugs have been successfully developed and used clinically for a limited number of important human viral diseases notably caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), herpes, and influenza viruses. Despite the successes of these antiviral drugs, issues with drug resistance and toxicity remain challenging. These challenges are driving research to identify new drug candidates and to investigate novel drug targets to develop new mechanistic drug classes. Antiviral agents are not available against many viruses that cause human disease and economic burdens; in particular, the development of antiviral agents against emerging, re-emerging, and neglected viruses is increasingly becoming a priority. This book includes six review articles that discuss new antiviral strategies. The reviews either discuss advances relating to a specific virus or new therapeutic targets and approaches. The book includes 15 original research articles reporting new antiviral agents against a variety of clinically and economically important viruses and studies into the prevalence or acquisition of drug resistance. Overall, this book is an exciting collection of new research and ideas relating to the development of antiviral agents.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Zika virus --- nucleoside analogues --- antiviral agents --- NS5 --- prodrugs --- ProTides --- neural stem cells --- RNA-dependent RNA polymerase --- cytomegalovirus --- latent infection --- TALEN --- Surveyor nuclease mutation detection assay --- ie-1 gene --- quantitative real-time PCR --- Epstein-Barr virus --- herpes viruses --- lytic gene expression --- Burkitt lymphoma cells --- clozapine --- antipsychotic drug --- antiviral drug --- enteroviruses --- coxsackievirus B4 --- persistent infection --- fluoxetine --- resistance --- mutations --- herpes B virus --- macacine herpesvirus-1 --- genistein --- flavonoids --- acyclovir --- ganciclovir --- Plantago asiatica --- Clerodendrum trichotomum --- RSV --- therapeutic effects --- acteoside --- human antimicrobial peptides --- antiviral strategies --- defensins --- cathelicidins --- hepcidins --- transferrins --- influenza A virus --- brevilin A --- antiviral --- sesquiterpene lactone --- replication --- PRRSV --- polyethylenimine --- PEI --- virion internalization --- endocytosis --- HIV --- pediatrics --- Ethiopia --- pre-treatment drug resistance --- combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) --- dried plasma spots --- dried blood spots --- sphingolipids --- glycosphingolipids --- viruses --- lipid biosynthesis --- flavivirus --- Japanese encephalitis virus --- furin inhibitor --- precursor membrane protein --- measles virus --- central nervous system --- tropism --- treatments --- porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus --- ginsenoside Rg1 --- antiviral activity --- pro-inflammatory factor --- NF-κB signaling pathway --- acute/latent infection --- congenital infection --- antiviral agent --- therapeutic strategies --- nucleic acid-based therapeutic approach --- HCMV vaccine --- adoptive cell therapy --- Rev response element --- chemical footprinting --- SHAPE --- drug discovery --- branched peptides --- herpesvirus --- immediate-early --- IE1 --- IE2 --- ribozyme --- RNA interference --- CRISPR/Cas --- small molecule --- orthohantavirus --- phenyl-benzotriazoles --- C-FRA --- Porcine circovirus type 2 --- epigallocatechin gallate --- heparan sulfate --- antiviral effect --- virus attachment --- microvirin --- lectin --- human immunodeficiency virus --- hepatitis C virus --- antiviral inhibitor --- non-immunogenic --- viral entry --- protein drugs --- LUMS1 --- oleanane-type derivatives --- influenza A virus (IAV) --- virus entry inhibitors --- hemagglutinin (HA) --- Zika virus --- nucleoside analogues --- antiviral agents --- NS5 --- prodrugs --- ProTides --- neural stem cells --- RNA-dependent RNA polymerase --- cytomegalovirus --- latent infection --- TALEN --- Surveyor nuclease mutation detection assay --- ie-1 gene --- quantitative real-time PCR --- Epstein-Barr virus --- herpes viruses --- lytic gene expression --- Burkitt lymphoma cells --- clozapine --- antipsychotic drug --- antiviral drug --- enteroviruses --- coxsackievirus B4 --- persistent infection --- fluoxetine --- resistance --- mutations --- herpes B virus --- macacine herpesvirus-1 --- genistein --- flavonoids --- acyclovir --- ganciclovir --- Plantago asiatica --- Clerodendrum trichotomum --- RSV --- therapeutic effects --- acteoside --- human antimicrobial peptides --- antiviral strategies --- defensins --- cathelicidins --- hepcidins --- transferrins --- influenza A virus --- brevilin A --- antiviral --- sesquiterpene lactone --- replication --- PRRSV --- polyethylenimine --- PEI --- virion internalization --- endocytosis --- HIV --- pediatrics --- Ethiopia --- pre-treatment drug resistance --- combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) --- dried plasma spots --- dried blood spots --- sphingolipids --- glycosphingolipids --- viruses --- lipid biosynthesis --- flavivirus --- Japanese encephalitis virus --- furin inhibitor --- precursor membrane protein --- measles virus --- central nervous system --- tropism --- treatments --- porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus --- ginsenoside Rg1 --- antiviral activity --- pro-inflammatory factor --- NF-κB signaling pathway --- acute/latent infection --- congenital infection --- antiviral agent --- therapeutic strategies --- nucleic acid-based therapeutic approach --- HCMV vaccine --- adoptive cell therapy --- Rev response element --- chemical footprinting --- SHAPE --- drug discovery --- branched peptides --- herpesvirus --- immediate-early --- IE1 --- IE2 --- ribozyme --- RNA interference --- CRISPR/Cas --- small molecule --- orthohantavirus --- phenyl-benzotriazoles --- C-FRA --- Porcine circovirus type 2 --- epigallocatechin gallate --- heparan sulfate --- antiviral effect --- virus attachment --- microvirin --- lectin --- human immunodeficiency virus --- hepatitis C virus --- antiviral inhibitor --- non-immunogenic --- viral entry --- protein drugs --- LUMS1 --- oleanane-type derivatives --- influenza A virus (IAV) --- virus entry inhibitors --- hemagglutinin (HA)