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There is some talk about an antibiotic Armageddon due to quickly developing resistance towards commercially available antibiotics. For the most part, the classical antibiotic pipeline has dried up, and antibiotic resistance to any new drugs quickly develops. It is here that metal-based antimicrobials can step forward as possible solutions in this antimicrobial resistance era. The biological targets of metal atoms are more diverse, thus making it more difficult for bacteria to develop resistance compared with classical antibiotics. The metal silver has been used since antiquity for wound healing and water purification. At present, it is the most prevalent antimicrobial metal used in healthcare, industry, and consumer products. Silver is being used in the form of ionic salt, colloids, or in specific nanomaterials, and as described in this book, it can be applied as mixtures with other antimicrobials or coating composites. The different formulations are explored for their efficacy against a variety of problems related to agricultural and medical infections. Whilst by no means exhaustive, this book nicely highlights the present directions in silver-based antimicrobial research and antimicrobial formulation development. The chapters have been organized from a general introductory review to approaches of mixing other antimicrobials and materials to enhance silver performance. This is followed by synthetic approaches. First are biogenic (sometimes called green or eco-friendly) approaches, followed by advanced physical–chemical synthetic approaches. The book ends with an overview of applications through a review of patents over the past 10 years.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- nanotechnology --- environmentally-friendly --- pesticide --- antimicrobial --- zebrafish --- antimicrobial activity --- biofilm --- urinary infection --- silver nanoparticles --- bacterial resistance --- silver --- nanoparticles --- Candida albicans --- Staphylococcus aureus --- herbal medicine --- Punicaceae --- calcium glycerophosphate --- Streptococcus mutans --- antibacterial --- titania --- mesoporous --- macroporous --- surface functionalization --- camphor derivatives --- silver camphorimine complexes --- laser ablation synthesis in solution --- nano-antimicrobials --- food packaging --- green synthesis --- microwave irradiation --- Juglans regia --- antibacterial activity --- biological synthesis --- multidrug-resistant bacteria --- antifungal --- chitosan oligomers --- composites --- deep eutectic solvents --- phenolic compounds --- Phytophthora cinnamomi --- root rot --- non-equilibrium plasma --- antibacterial coatings --- plasma polymers --- nanocomposites --- antibiotics --- adjuvant --- combinatorial --- metal --- ROS --- antibacterial effect --- laser irradiation --- metal-vapour method --- TEM --- XPS --- EXAFS --- microbiomes --- silane-based coating --- Marinomonas --- Anaerospora --- antibiotic resistance --- medicinal silver --- patents --- synergism --- Cephradine --- Vildagliptin --- nanotechnology --- environmentally-friendly --- pesticide --- antimicrobial --- zebrafish --- antimicrobial activity --- biofilm --- urinary infection --- silver nanoparticles --- bacterial resistance --- silver --- nanoparticles --- Candida albicans --- Staphylococcus aureus --- herbal medicine --- Punicaceae --- calcium glycerophosphate --- Streptococcus mutans --- antibacterial --- titania --- mesoporous --- macroporous --- surface functionalization --- camphor derivatives --- silver camphorimine complexes --- laser ablation synthesis in solution --- nano-antimicrobials --- food packaging --- green synthesis --- microwave irradiation --- Juglans regia --- antibacterial activity --- biological synthesis --- multidrug-resistant bacteria --- antifungal --- chitosan oligomers --- composites --- deep eutectic solvents --- phenolic compounds --- Phytophthora cinnamomi --- root rot --- non-equilibrium plasma --- antibacterial coatings --- plasma polymers --- nanocomposites --- antibiotics --- adjuvant --- combinatorial --- metal --- ROS --- antibacterial effect --- laser irradiation --- metal-vapour method --- TEM --- XPS --- EXAFS --- microbiomes --- silane-based coating --- Marinomonas --- Anaerospora --- antibiotic resistance --- medicinal silver --- patents --- synergism --- Cephradine --- Vildagliptin

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This book aims to summarize the latest achievements in the development and manufacturing of modern biomaterials used in modern medicine and dentistry, for example, in cases where, as a result of a traffic or sports accident, aging, resection of organs after oncological surgery, or dangerous inflammation, there is a need to replace lost organs, tissues, and parts of the human body. The essence of biomedical materials is their constant contact with living tissues, organisms, or microorganisms and, therefore, they should meet numerous requirements from various fields, including medicine, biology, chemistry, tissue engineering, and materials science. For this reason, biomaterials must be compatible with the organism, and biocompatibility issues must be addressed before using the product in a clinical setting. The production and synthesis of biomaterials require the use of various technologies and methods to obtain the appropriate material, which is then processed using advanced material processing technologies. Often, however, it is necessary to directly manufacture a specific product with individualized geometric features and properties tailored to the requirements of a particular patient. In such cases, additive manufacturing methods are increasingly used. In this sense, it can be considered that the Biomaterials 4.0 stage has been reached, and detailed information is included in the individual chapters of this book on the achievements in the development and manufacturing of modern biomaterials used in modern regenerative medicine, regenerative dentistry, and tissue engineering.

sol-gel phase transitions --- injectable scaffolds --- chitosan --- calcium β-glycerophosphate --- rheology --- bone tissue engineering --- diblock copolymers --- drug delivery systems --- nanoparticles --- nanoprecipitation --- self-assembly --- implant --- stainless steel --- nickel --- leaching --- nitrogen --- cytotoxicity --- nanodendrites --- nanostar --- fibroblast cells --- gelatin --- one-pot synthesis --- hollow mesoporous silica --- porous silica --- high drug loading capacity --- drug delivery system --- fretting --- fretting wear --- Ni-Cr-Mo --- dental alloys --- titaniumcarbonitride --- Ti(C, N) coating --- thin films --- zirconium carbide --- antimicrobial properties --- medical implants --- 316L stainless steel --- sintering --- surface nitriding --- nitrogen absorption --- response surface methodology --- sodium alginate --- hydrogel material --- regenerative medicine --- urethra --- hybrid materials --- hydroxyapatite --- FEA --- V-shaped tooth defects --- fillings --- glass-ionomer cement --- flowable composite --- stomatognathic system --- prosthetic restorations --- surgical guide --- dental prosthesis restoration manufacturing center --- CBCT tomography --- dental implants --- implant-scaffolds --- hybrid multilayer biological-engineering composites biomaterials --- CAD/CAM methods --- additive manufacturing technologies --- selective laser sintering --- stereolithography --- Dentistry 4.0 --- Industry 4.0 --- robocasting --- bioactive glass --- scaffold --- sol–gel --- 45S5 Bioglass® --- biomaterials --- biomedical implants --- additive manufacturing --- dental prosthetic restorations --- Ti6Al4V dental alloy --- structural X-ray analysis --- energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscope --- metallography --- tensile and bending strength --- corrosion resistance --- tribological tests --- in-vitro tests --- industry 4.0 --- dentistry 4.0 --- SARS-CoV-2 pandemic --- SPEC strategy --- elimination clinical aerosol at the source --- dendrological matrix --- photopolymer materials --- additive digital light printing --- dentistry sustainable development --- dental prophylaxis --- dental interventionistic treatment --- caries --- periodontology --- toothlessness --- endodontics --- dental implantology --- dental prosthetics --- dentist safety --- dentist ethics --- Co–Cr dental alloys --- corrosion --- porcelain firing --- SLM --- MSM --- CST --- light-cured composites --- photopolymerization process --- microhardness --- optimization --- regression analysis --- health --- well-being --- long and healthy life policy --- medicine --- dentistry --- medical ethics --- COVID-19 pandemic --- bioengineering --- medical engineering --- dental engineering --- biomedical materials --- Bioengineering 4.0 --- engineers’ ethics --- filling materials --- sealants --- obturation --- gutta-percha --- Resilon --- procedural benchmarking --- comparative matrices --- virtual approach --- digital twin --- scanning electron microscopy --- n/a --- sol-gel --- Co-Cr dental alloys --- engineers' ethics

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The central role of RNA in many cellular processes, in biotechnology, and as pharmaceutical agents, has created an interest in experimental methods applied to RNA molecules. This book provides scientists with a comprehensive collection of thoroughly tested up-to-date manuals for investigating RNA-protein complexes in vitro. The protocols can be performed by researchers trained in standard molecular biological techniques and require a minimum of specialized equipment. The procedures include recommendation of suppliers of reagents.

Analytical biochemistry --- Neoplastic Processes --- Pathologic Processes --- Neoplasms --- Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms --- Diseases --- Neoplasm Metastasis --- Metastases, Neoplasm --- Metastasis, Neoplasm --- Neoplasm Metastases --- Metastase --- Metastasis --- Metastases --- Symptoms and General Pathology --- Benign Neoplasms --- Malignancy --- Malignant Neoplasms --- Neoplasia --- Neoplasm --- Neoplasms, Benign --- Cancer --- Tumors --- Benign Neoplasm --- Cancers --- Malignancies --- Malignant Neoplasm --- Neoplasias --- Neoplasm, Benign --- Neoplasm, Malignant --- Neoplasms, Malignant --- Tumor --- Medical Oncology --- Pathological Processes --- Processes, Pathologic --- Processes, Pathological --- Processes, Neoplastic --- secondary --- Inositol phosphates. --- Inositol phosphates - Laboratory manuals. --- Phospholipids - Laboratory manuals. --- Phospholipids. --- Glycerophospholipids --- Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) --- Investigative Techniques --- Phosphotransferases --- Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment --- Phosphatidic Acids --- Transferases --- Glycerophosphates --- Enzymes --- Phospholipids --- Enzymes and Coenzymes --- Membrane Lipids --- Chemicals and Drugs --- Lipids --- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases --- 1-Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase --- Phosphatidylinositols --- Clinical Laboratory Techniques --- Human Anatomy & Physiology --- Health & Biological Sciences --- Animal Biochemistry --- Clinical Laboratory Diagnoses --- Clinical Laboratory Testings --- Clinical Laboratory Tests --- Diagnoses and Laboratory Examinations --- Diagnosis, Laboratory --- Laboratory Diagnosis --- Laboratory Examinations and Diagnoses --- Laboratory Techniques, Clinical --- Clinical Laboratory Technique --- Clinical Laboratory Test --- Clinical Laboratory Testing --- Diagnose, Clinical Laboratory --- Laboratory Diagnoses --- Laboratory Technique, Clinical --- Laboratory Test, Clinical --- Laboratory Testing, Clinical --- Technique, Clinical Laboratory --- Test, Clinical Laboratory --- Testing, Clinical Laboratory --- Laboratories --- Medical Laboratory Science --- Clinical Laboratory Services --- Inositide Phospholipids --- Inositol Phospholipids --- Phosphatidyl Inositol --- Phosphatidylinositol --- Inositide Phospholipid --- Inositol Phosphoglyceride --- Inositol Phosphoglycerides --- Inositol Phospholipid --- Phosphoinositide --- Phosphoinositides --- PtdIns --- Inositol, Phosphatidyl --- Phosphoglyceride, Inositol --- Phosphoglycerides, Inositol --- Phospholipid, Inositide --- Phospholipid, Inositol --- Phospholipids, Inositide --- Phospholipids, Inositol --- PI 4-Kinase --- Phosphatidylinositiol Kinase --- Phosphatidylinositol Kinase Type II --- Phosphoinositide Kinase --- Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase --- PtdIns 4-Kinase --- 1 Phosphatidylinositol 4 Kinase --- Kinase, Phosphatidylinositiol --- Kinase, Phosphoinositide --- PI 4 Kinase --- Phosphatidylinositol 4 Kinase --- PtdIns 4 Kinase --- PI 3-Kinase --- PI-3K --- PI3 Kinases --- PI3-Kinase --- Phosphoinositide 3 Kinases --- Phosphoinositide 3-Hydroxykinase --- PtdIns 3-Kinases --- PI-3 Kinase --- Phosphatidylinositol-3-OH Kinase --- PtdIns 3-Kinase --- 3-Hydroxykinase, Phosphoinositide --- Kinase, PI-3 --- Kinase, Phosphatidylinositol-3-OH --- Kinases, PI3 --- Kinases, Phosphoinositide 3 --- PI 3 Kinase --- PI3 Kinase --- Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinases --- Phosphatidylinositol 3 OH Kinase --- Phosphoinositide 3 Hydroxykinase --- PtdIns 3 Kinase --- PtdIns 3 Kinases --- Lipid --- Cell Membrane Lipid --- Cell Membrane Lipids --- Membrane Lipid --- Lipid, Cell Membrane --- Lipid, Membrane --- Lipids, Cell Membrane --- Lipids, Membrane --- Membrane Lipid, Cell --- Membrane Lipids, Cell --- Cell Membrane --- Membranes --- Coenzymes and Enzymes --- Phosphatides --- Phospholipid --- Biocatalysts --- Biocatalyst --- Enzyme --- Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action --- Calcium Glycerophosphate --- Glycerolphosphates --- Glycerolphosphate --- Glycerophosphate --- Glycerophosphate, Calcium --- Transferase --- Ammonium Phosphatidate --- Diacylglycerophosphates --- Phosphatidic Acid --- Acid, Phosphatidic --- Acids, Phosphatidic --- Phosphatidate, Ammonium --- Kinase --- Kinases --- Phosphotransferases, ATP --- Transphosphorylases --- ATP Phosphotransferases --- Investigative Technics --- Investigative Technic --- Investigative Technique --- Technic, Investigative --- Technics, Investigative --- Technique, Investigative --- Techniques, Investigative --- Glycerophospholipid --- Phosphoglyceride --- Phosphoglycerides --- 616-006.6 --- 616-006.6 Malignant epithelial tumours. Carcinomata. Cancer --- Malignant epithelial tumours. Carcinomata. Cancer --- Cancer metastasis --- Dissemination of cancer --- Metastatic cancer --- Neoplasm metastasis --- Spread of cancer --- Tumor dissemination --- Tumor metastasis --- Tumor spread --- Pathology --- Cancer invasiveness --- Cancer of unknown primary origin --- Research --- Methodology --- Dissemination --- 57.08 --- 57.08 Biological techniques. Experimental methods. Equipment --- Biological techniques. Experimental methods. Equipment --- Isoelectric focusing. --- Hydrogen-ion concentration. --- Hydrogen-ion activity --- pH (Chemistry) --- Acidity function --- Electrofocusing --- Focusing, Isoelectric --- Analytical chemistry --- Chemistry, Organic --- Electrophoresis --- Qualitative --- Nucleic acid hybridization. --- Nucleic acid probes. --- Oligonucleotide probes --- Probes, Nucleic acid --- Molecular probes --- Cytogenetics --- Cytology --- Hybridization --- Technique --- RNA-protein interactions --- Interactions, RNA-protein --- Protein-RNA interactions --- RNA-protein binding --- Protein binding --- RNA-protein interactions. --- Nucleic Acids --- Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins --- Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Nucleosides --- Chemical Phenomena --- Proteins --- RNA --- Chemistry --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Biochemistry --- Gene Products, RNA --- Non-Polyadenylated RNA --- RNA, Non-Polyadenylated --- Ribonucleic Acid --- Acid, Ribonucleic --- Non Polyadenylated RNA --- RNA Gene Products --- RNA, Non Polyadenylated --- Biopolymers --- Gene Products, Protein --- Gene Proteins --- Protein --- Protein Gene Products --- Proteins, Gene --- Chemical Phenomenon --- Chemical Process --- Physical Chemistry Phenomena --- Physical Chemistry Process --- Physicochemical Phenomenon --- Physicochemical Process --- Chemical Concepts --- Chemical Processes --- Physical Chemistry Concepts --- Physical Chemistry Processes --- Physicochemical Concepts --- Physicochemical Phenomena --- Physicochemical Processes --- Chemical Concept --- Chemistry Process, Physical --- Chemistry Processes, Physical --- Concept, Chemical --- Concept, Physical Chemistry --- Concept, Physicochemical --- Concepts, Chemical --- Concepts, Physical Chemistry --- Concepts, Physicochemical --- Phenomena, Chemical --- Phenomena, Physical Chemistry --- Phenomena, Physicochemical --- Phenomenon, Chemical --- Phenomenon, Physicochemical --- Physical Chemistry Concept --- Physicochemical Concept --- Process, Chemical --- Process, Physical Chemistry --- Process, Physicochemical --- Processes, Chemical --- Processes, Physical Chemistry --- Processes, Physicochemical --- Nucleic Acid --- Acid, Nucleic --- Acids, Nucleic --- Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures --- Analysis.