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O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a prevalent post-translational modification of numerous intracellular proteins. This modification has recently emerged as a key regulator of various important biological processes, including gene transcription, stress response, metabolic homeostasis, and immune regulation. Given the critical role of O-GlcNAc in normal physiology, increasing evidence has now demonstrated that deregulation of O-GlcNAc is closely associated with the development and progression of various diseases, including neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. This book provides a comprehensive overview of the current progress and understanding of this modification in biology, and likely provides new research directions in the future.

Medicine --- Biology --- Cytology. --- Biomedical Research. --- Cell Biology. --- Research. --- Glucosamine. --- Glycosylation.

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L’arthrose est une pathologie très fréquente dans l’espèce équine ayant un impact important dans la carrière sportive du cheval et limitant son confort au quotidien. Une gestion particulière est alors recommandée afin de limiter la progression de cette pathologie dégénérative. Les traitements systémiques couramment utilisés sur le court terme tels que les anti-inflammatoires non stéroïdiens sont souvent à l’origine d’effets indésirables pouvant mettre en jeu la santé du cheval et masquer ainsi la dégradation continue de l’articulation. En outre, le recourt aux infiltrations intra-articulaires peut s’avérer peu efficace sur le long terme. Aujourd’hui, un grand nombre de différents traitements appelés « chondro-protecteurs » sont disponibles sur le marché et promettent une préservation de l’articulation arthrosique sur le long terme tout en épargnant le cheval des effets indésirables. A travers cette synthèse de publications scientifiques, l’efficacité thérapeutique de ces agents a été prouvée, bien qu’aucun protocole d’administration n’ait été établi de manière précise. En effet le manque de recherches et la contradiction de certaines études à ce sujet ne permettent pas encore de définir une posologie clairement efficace chez le cheval.

Cheval, arthrose, glucosamine, chondroïtine sulfate --- Sciences du vivant > Médecine vétérinaire & santé animale

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In this book, we have reported the most recent discoveries and updates regarding molecular pathways in osteoarthritis. In particular, the advances regarding therapeutical options, from a molecular point of view, are largely discussed.

osteoarthritis --- cartilage --- type II collagen --- matrix metalloproteinases --- MMP-13 --- regulation --- inhibitor --- NO synthase --- Interleukin-1β --- chondrocytes --- mitochondrial dysfunction --- mesenchimal stem cells --- chondrocytic commitment --- autophagy --- miRNAs --- hydrostatic pressure --- adipokines --- visfatin --- Wnt/β-catenin --- mechanical loading --- obesity --- microRNA --- oxidative stress --- vibrational spectroscopy --- near-infrared spectroscopy --- infrared spectroscopy --- Raman spectroscopy --- early diagnosis --- exercise --- physical activity --- nutraceuticals --- dietary supplements --- inflammation --- aging --- inflammaging --- osteochondral explant culture --- joint modelling --- pharmacological assay --- native tissue analysis --- hexosamine biosynthetic pathway --- cartilage trauma --- post-traumatic osteoarthritis --- O-GlcNAcylation --- glucosamine --- cell death --- therapy --- sex as a biological variable --- whole transcriptome sequencing --- molecules --- TGF-β --- SMAD2/3 signaling --- linker modifications --- meniscus --- proteomics --- MRM --- ECM --- celecoxib --- glucosamine sulfate --- chondroprotection --- NF-κB --- cytokines --- chemokines --- pathogenesis --- biomarker --- chondrocyte --- IL-1β --- IFNγ, IL-17 --- IL-4 --- RNA-Seq --- hypertrophy --- remodeling --- angiogenesis --- chondroitin --- collagen --- methylsulfonylmethane --- vitamin C --- vitamin D --- hyaluronic acid

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In this book, we have reported the most recent discoveries and updates regarding molecular pathways in osteoarthritis. In particular, the advances regarding therapeutical options, from a molecular point of view, are largely discussed.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- osteoarthritis --- cartilage --- type II collagen --- matrix metalloproteinases --- MMP-13 --- regulation --- inhibitor --- NO synthase --- Interleukin-1β --- chondrocytes --- mitochondrial dysfunction --- mesenchimal stem cells --- chondrocytic commitment --- autophagy --- miRNAs --- hydrostatic pressure --- adipokines --- visfatin --- Wnt/β-catenin --- mechanical loading --- obesity --- microRNA --- oxidative stress --- vibrational spectroscopy --- near-infrared spectroscopy --- infrared spectroscopy --- Raman spectroscopy --- early diagnosis --- exercise --- physical activity --- nutraceuticals --- dietary supplements --- inflammation --- aging --- inflammaging --- osteochondral explant culture --- joint modelling --- pharmacological assay --- native tissue analysis --- hexosamine biosynthetic pathway --- cartilage trauma --- post-traumatic osteoarthritis --- O-GlcNAcylation --- glucosamine --- cell death --- therapy --- sex as a biological variable --- whole transcriptome sequencing --- molecules --- TGF-β --- SMAD2/3 signaling --- linker modifications --- meniscus --- proteomics --- MRM --- ECM --- celecoxib --- glucosamine sulfate --- chondroprotection --- NF-κB --- cytokines --- chemokines --- pathogenesis --- biomarker --- chondrocyte --- IL-1β --- IFNγ, IL-17 --- IL-4 --- RNA-Seq --- hypertrophy --- remodeling --- angiogenesis --- chondroitin --- collagen --- methylsulfonylmethane --- vitamin C --- vitamin D --- hyaluronic acid --- osteoarthritis --- cartilage --- type II collagen --- matrix metalloproteinases --- MMP-13 --- regulation --- inhibitor --- NO synthase --- Interleukin-1β --- chondrocytes --- mitochondrial dysfunction --- mesenchimal stem cells --- chondrocytic commitment --- autophagy --- miRNAs --- hydrostatic pressure --- adipokines --- visfatin --- Wnt/β-catenin --- mechanical loading --- obesity --- microRNA --- oxidative stress --- vibrational spectroscopy --- near-infrared spectroscopy --- infrared spectroscopy --- Raman spectroscopy --- early diagnosis --- exercise --- physical activity --- nutraceuticals --- dietary supplements --- inflammation --- aging --- inflammaging --- osteochondral explant culture --- joint modelling --- pharmacological assay --- native tissue analysis --- hexosamine biosynthetic pathway --- cartilage trauma --- post-traumatic osteoarthritis --- O-GlcNAcylation --- glucosamine --- cell death --- therapy --- sex as a biological variable --- whole transcriptome sequencing --- molecules --- TGF-β --- SMAD2/3 signaling --- linker modifications --- meniscus --- proteomics --- MRM --- ECM --- celecoxib --- glucosamine sulfate --- chondroprotection --- NF-κB --- cytokines --- chemokines --- pathogenesis --- biomarker --- chondrocyte --- IL-1β --- IFNγ, IL-17 --- IL-4 --- RNA-Seq --- hypertrophy --- remodeling --- angiogenesis --- chondroitin --- collagen --- methylsulfonylmethane --- vitamin C --- vitamin D --- hyaluronic acid

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This book provides a resource for the scientist or medical professional interested in the topic of insulin resistance. With a mix of review and primary data articles, emerging paradigms in insulin resistance are highlighted. The topics are succinctly presented, and distinct viewpoints are represented. An introduction to the Special Issue that provides summaries of the studies included, is provided by the Guest Editor, Dr. Susan Burke, and her colleague at the Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Dr. Jason Collier.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- epicardial adipose tissue --- hypertrophy of adipocytes --- CAD severity --- adipokines --- insulin resistance --- insulin-degrading enzyme --- pancreas --- liver --- insulin receptor --- glucose transporters --- acute intermittent porphyria --- carbohydrate loading therapy --- hyperinsulinemia --- fast-acting insulin --- experimental liver-targeted insulin --- hyperinsulinaemia --- osteocalcin --- beta-hydroxybutyrate --- phenotype --- stages --- serotonin --- glucagon-like peptide-1 --- glucagon --- type 2 diabetes --- hyperglycaemia --- apoptosis --- endoplasmic reticulum stress --- glucosamine --- pancreatic β-cell dysfunction --- ovariectomy --- raloxifene --- Negr1 --- obesity --- metabolic disease --- metabolomics --- glucose intolerance --- genetic models --- beta hydroxybutyrate --- osteoporosis --- fragility fractures --- bone mineral density --- osteocalin --- vitamin D --- collagen --- hydroxyapatite --- diabetes --- inflammation --- thiazolidinedione --- n/a