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For many decades, Thailand has been described as a “gay paradise” by various travel magazines and Bangkok is often referred to as the “gay capital of Asia”. However, local LGBTQ people are still facing discrimination in many aspects of their life and many rights are denied to people of various sexual orientations and identities. In this era of globalisation, tourism brings stronger connections between countries, increasing exchanges of ideas and customs among different populations, such as ideas and values relating to sexual identities. Yet, very few studies have tried to link tourism with the processes of political and legal change, especially regarding LGBTQ rights. Moreover, it is still uncertain if LGBTQ tourism can have an impact beyond economic benefits in the destination. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to find out what are the impacts of LGBTQ tourism on the Thai LGBTQ community and on Thai legislation regarding people of various sexual orientations. Using qualitative data collected through semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and semiotic theory, the research shows how LGBTQ tourism in Thailand witnessed major transformations in the last 50 years, while emphasizing how the government and those in power have used this niche market for their own benefits. The findings show contradictory elements between the rhetoric that promotes Thailand as a “gay paradise” for tourists and the situation for local LGBTQ people. Yet, the study also shows how LGBTQ tourism can positively impact LGBTQ rights in the destination. At last, the study responds to criticism of pinkwashing by putting Thailand into its own cultural context.

Tourism industry --- LGBTQ, Tourism, Glocalisation, Capitalism, Thailand, Pinkwashing --- LGBTQ, Tourism, Glocalisation, Capitalism, Thailand, Pinkwashing

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MONDIALISATION --- THEORIE DE LA REGULATION --- ECONOMIE POLITIQUE --- ECHELLE --- GLOCALISATION --- MONDIALISATION --- THEORIE DE LA REGULATION --- ECONOMIE POLITIQUE --- ECHELLE --- GLOCALISATION

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"In "This Fish Is Fowl," Xu Xi offers a transnational and feminist perspective of a contemporary "glocalized" American life, one with many Asian characteristics"--

Authors, Chinese --- Women authors, Chinese --- Glocalization. --- Glocalisation --- Globalization --- Target marketing --- Xu, Xi, --- Xi, Xu, --- Komala, Sussy, --- Chakó, Sussy,

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This volume focuses on how, in Europe, the debate on the commons is discussed in regard to historical and contemporary dimensions, critically referencing the work of Elinor Ostrom. It also explores from the perspective of new institutional political ecology (NIPE) how Europe directly and indirectly affected and affects the commons globally. Most of the research on the management of commons pool resources is limited to dealing with one of two topics: either the interaction between local participatory governance and development of institutions for commons management, or a political- economy approach that focuses on global change as it is related to the increasingly globalised expansion of capitalist modes of production, consumption and societal reproduction. This volume bridges the two, addressing how global players affect the commons worldwide and how they relate to responses emerging from within the commons in a global- local (glocal) world. Authors from a range of academic disciplines present research findings on recent developments on the commons, including: historical insights; new innovations for participatory institutions building in Europe or several types of commons grabbing, especially in Africa related to European investments; and restrictions on the management of commons at the international level. European case studies are included, providing interesting examples of local participation in commons resource management, while simultaneously showing Europe as a centre for globalized capitalism and its norms and values, affecting the rest of the world, particularly developing countries. This book will be of interest to students and researchers from a wide range of disciplines including natural resource management, environmental governance, political geography and environmental history.

Commons --- Glocalization --- International business enterprises --- Business enterprises, International --- Corporations, International --- Global corporations --- International corporations --- MNEs (International business enterprises) --- Multinational corporations --- Multinational enterprises --- Transnational corporations --- Business enterprises --- Corporations --- Joint ventures --- Glocalisation --- Globalization --- Target marketing --- Common lands --- Communal land --- Communal lands --- Land tenure --- Public lands --- Real property --- Marks (Medieval land tenure) --- Natural resources, Communal --- Village communities --- Law and legislation --- E-books --- Commons. --- Glocalization. --- International business enterprises. --- Sociology of environment