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The Scottish twin sisters Agnes Lewis (1843-1926) and Margaret Gibson (1843-1920), heiresses of an extremely wealthy man, between them learned numerous languages, including Modern Greek, Arabic, Hebrew, Persian and Syriac, and became pioneering biblical scholars and explorers at a time when women rarely ventured to foreign lands. Their initial desire to travel to the Holy Land was encouraged by their Presbyterian minister. Setting out with their former teacher, Grace Blyth, in 1868, they travelled across Europe to Greece, Turkey, Egypt and Palestine. In this 1870 account, Lewis vividly describes the discomfort of long-distance travel, especially for women, and their encounters with the people they met on the way. At Constantinople they were struck by the beauty of Hagia Sophia, and saw whirling dervishes. They had some difficulties with their guide in Egypt, but this did not deter them, and they continued on to Palestine before returning to Europe.

Women travelers. --- Lewis, Agnes Smith, --- Gibson, Margaret Dunlop, --- Travel --- Middle East. --- Middle East --- Istanbul (Turkey). --- Europe. --- Palestine. --- Egypt. --- Description and travel. --- Travelers, Women --- Travelers --- Ghibsūn, Mārgharīṭā Danlab, --- جيبسون، مارغريطا دنلب، --- Smith, Agnes, --- Égypte --- Ägypten --- Egitto --- Egipet --- Egiptos --- Miṣr --- Southern Region (United Arab Republic) --- Egyptian Region (United Arab Republic) --- Iqlīm al-Janūbī (United Arab Republic) --- Egyptian Territory (United Arab Republic) --- Egipat --- Arab Republic of Egypt --- A.R.E. --- ARE (Arab Republic of Egypt) --- Jumhūrīyat Miṣr al-ʻArabīyah --- Mitsrayim --- Egipt --- Ijiptʻŭ --- Misri --- Ancient Egypt --- Gouvernement royal égyptien --- جمهورية مصر العربية --- مِصر‎ --- مَصر‎ --- Maṣr --- Khēmi --- エジプト --- Ejiputo --- Egypti --- Egypten --- מצרים --- United Arab Republic --- Holy Land --- Council of Europe countries --- Eastern Hemisphere --- Eurasia --- Stamboul (Turkey) --- Stampōl (Turkey) --- Stambul (Turkey) --- Stěmpol (Turkey) --- T︠S︡arigrad (Turkey) --- Istāmbūl (Turkey) --- T︠S︡arʹgrad (Turkey) --- Āsitānah (Turkey) --- Ḳushṭa (Turkey) --- İstanbul Büyük Şehir Belediyesi (Turkey) --- Greater Istanbul Municipality (Turkey) --- İstanbul Anakent Belediyesi (Turkey) --- İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi (Turkey) --- Polē (Turkey) --- Estambul (Turkey) --- Baladīyat Isṭānbūl (Turkey) --- Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (Turkey) --- Constantinople