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This book studies the pivotal obligation to prevent genocide under international law and more particularly the extent of that obligation under the Genocide Convention and customary international law. The author puts forward a distinction between primary, secondary and tertiary levels of prevention.
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Developments in the understanding and treatment of genocide through the twentieth century have involved a combination of politics, public opinion, social trends, and economic development, and led to the substantive law of genocide and the assumption of international jurisdiction. This book analyzes incidences of genocide and mass atrocities, focusing on the political factors involved in modern counter-genocide efforts. Drawing on incidences of genocide and mass atrocity such as the Holocaust, the Rwandan genocide, and the Armenian genocide, Mark Kielsgard adopts a conceptual model that reveals the political factors which impact the international law of genocide, such as barriers and catalysts to transitional justice and the politics of genocide denial.As a work which provides a focused picture of those influences and their significance to genocide studies, this book will be of great use and interest to students and researchers in international criminal law, conflict studies, and conflict resolution.
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More than one million people died in Cambodia from 1975 to 1979 under the regime of the Khmer Rouge. Thirty years later, a Cambodian court supported by the UN tries to hold legally accountable those most reponsible for the crime committed. This study presents some of the major legal issues relevant to possible genocide charges against the Khmer Rouge at the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia. In a first part, the basic structure and elements of the crime of genocide under International Criminal Law are looked at, with a focus on the particular intent requirement and the issue of groups as targets of genocidal intent. The second part of the study examines the case of the Khmer Rouge mass atrocities based on the legal framework elaborated, discussing questions involved in the legal characterization of Khmer Rouge policies. These questions include the auto-genocide debate, the distinction between discriminatory mass killings and genocidal intent as well as the legal relevance of motives for group targeting.
Genocide (International law) --- Genocide --- Political atrocities --- Crimes against humanity
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The 1948 UN Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (“Genocide Convention”) has a special standing in international law, as well as in international politics. For 60 years the crime of genocide has been recognised as the most horrendous crime in international law, famously designated the ‘crime of crimes’. On the occasion of the 60th anniversary of its adoption the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights stated that ‘genocide is the ultimate form of discrimination’. In the same context the chief prosecutor at the International Criminal Court described the Genocide Convention as a ‘visionary and founding text for the Court’. The Convention has influenced the subsequent development of many different areas of international law. For example, the 1951 Advisory Opinion on the Genocide Convention enabled the International Court of Justice to shape the modern regime of reservations to treaties. More recently the prohibition against genocide has become a crucial pillar of international criminal law, with genocide being one of the core crimes falling under the jurisdiction of the UN ad hoc tribunals, the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia, and the permanent International Criminal Court since the 1990s. In this work the provisions of the Convention are analysed article-by-article, including abundant practice and jurisprudence. Distinct sections on cross-cutting issues of general importance complement the analysis
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This perceptive book analyzes the scope of the duty to prevent genocide of China, France, Russia, the UK, and the US in light of the due diligence standard under conventional, customary, and peremptory international law. It expounds the positive obligations of these five states to act both within and without the Security Council context to prevent or suppress an imminent or ongoing genocide.
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A great deal of contemporary law has a direct connection to the Holocaust. That connection, however, is seldom acknowledged in legal texts and has never been the subject of a full-length scholarly work. This book examines the background of the Holocaust and genocide through the prism of the law; the criminal and civil prosecution of the Nazis and their collaborators for Holocaust-era crimes; and contemporary attempts to criminally prosecute perpetrators for the crime of genocide. It provides the history of the Holocaust as a legal event, and sets out how genocide has become known as the "crime of crimes" under both international law and in popular discourse. It goes on to discuss specific post-Holocaust legal topics, and examines the Holocaust as a catalyst for post-Holocaust international justice. Together, this collection of subjects establishes a new legal discipline, which the author Michael Bazyler labels "Post-Holocaust Law."
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In this pathbreaking study, Pamela Steiner deconstructs the psychological obstacles that have prevented peaceful settlements to longstanding issues. The book re-examines more than 100 years of destructive ethno-religious relations among Armenians, Turks, and Azerbaijanis through the novel lens of collective trauma. The author argues that a focus on embedded, transgenerational collective trauma is essential to achieving more trusting, productive, and stable relationships in this and similar contexts. The book takes a deep dive into history - analysing the traumatic events, examining and positing how they motivated the actions of key players (both victims and perpetrators), and revealing how profoundly these traumas continue to manifest today among the three peoples, stymying healing and inhibiting achievement of a basis for positive change. The author then proposes a bold new approach to "conflict resolution" as a complement to other perspectives, such as power-based analyses and international human rights. Addressing the psychological core of the conflict, the author argues that a focus on embedded collective trauma is essential in this and similar arenas.
Armenian Genocide, 1915-1923 --- Armenians --- Collective memory --- Ethnic conflict --- Genocide --- Genocide (International law) --- Human rights
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The twentieth century has been called, not inaccurately, a century of genocide. And the beginning of the twenty-first century has seen little change, with genocidal violence in Darfur, Congo, Sri Lanka, and Syria. Why is genocide so widespread, and so difficult to stop, across societies that differ so much culturally, technologically, and politically? That is the question that this collection addresses, offering a range of perspectives from different disciplines to attempt to understand the pervasiveness of genocidal violence.
Genocide. --- Genocide (International law) --- Cleansing, Ethnic --- Ethnic cleansing --- Ethnic purification --- Ethnocide --- Purification, Ethnic --- International criminal law --- Crime --- Genocide
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It is virtually impossible to understand the phenomenon of genocide without a clear understanding of the complexities of the United Nations Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (UNCG). This brief but cogent book provides an introduction to the unique wording, legal terminology, and key components of the convention, which was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948. Providing clarity on the distinctions between genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and ethnic cleansing, this book is designed to be an entry into further study of genocide in its legal, historical, political, and philosophical dimensions. Key terms, such as intent and motive, are explained, case studies are included, and an annotated bibliography at the conclusion of the book offers suggested avenues for more advanced study of the UNCG.
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