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This volume introduces the gender dimension in the empirical analyses on the links between trade and poverty. Gender disparities, an important component of overall inequality, may limit the gains from trade and the potential benefits to poor people. This view is supported by the robust finding that while growth (as well as the gains from trade) is the major vehicle of lifting people out of poverty, it is more likely to be pro-poor when initial inequality is low. High inequality directly lowers the rate of poverty reduction by hindering growth. Ample evidence shows that, in spite of recent

Tariff preferences. --- Tariff preferences --- Free trade --- Commercial policy --- International trade --- Commerce --- Business & Economics --- International Commerce --- Differential duty --- Discriminating duty --- Generalized system of preferences (Tariff) --- GSP (Tariff) --- Preferences, Tariff --- Preferential duty --- Preferential tariff --- Trade preferences --- Tariff

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Belastingen --- Douane --- Droit commercial --- Handelsrecht --- Impôts --- Tariff preferences --- Law and legislation --- 341.2 --- -Differential duty --- Discriminating duty --- Generalized system of preferences (Tariff) --- GSP (Tariff) --- Preferences, Tariff --- Preferential duty --- Preferential tariff --- Trade preferences --- Tariff --- Subjecten en objecten in het volkenrecht --(algemeen) --- Law and legislation. --- Differential duty --- 341.2 Subjecten en objecten in het volkenrecht --(algemeen) --- Douanetarieven --- Tarifs douaniers --- droit international --- Tariff preferences - Law and legislation

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This report aims to answer two major questions: (1) How beneficial are the trade preferences provided to developing countries; and (2) what are the implications of possible erosion of these benefits under multilateral trade liberalisation? The report focuses on trade preferences provided by the so-called Quad countries (Canada, the European Union, Japan and the United States) because they have some of the world’s highest tariffs on agricultural commodities. Findings from this study suggest that although preferential margins will be eroded with multilateral liberalisation, this may be a problem only for certain countries and within specific sectors, and that factors not related to preferential trade schemes may be limiting the exports of the least-developed countries (LDC).

Developing countries -- Commerce. --- Free trade. --- Tariff preferences. --- Trade blocs. --- Tariff preferences --- Trade blocs --- Free trade --- Commerce --- Business & Economics --- International Commerce --- Free trade and protection --- Trade, Free --- Trade liberalization --- Regional economic blocs --- Regional trading blocs --- Trading blocs --- Differential duty --- Discriminating duty --- Generalized system of preferences (Tariff) --- GSP (Tariff) --- Preferences, Tariff --- Preferential duty --- Preferential tariff --- Trade preferences --- International trade --- Tariff --- Canada --- European Union --- Japan --- United States

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Since the early 1990s the world has seen an explosion of preferential trade agreements (PTAs) between North and South. Mark Manger argues that current North-South PTAs are not primarily about liberalizing exports as is usually assumed. Rather, they are driven by the needs of foreign direct investment. The interests of multinational firms in investing in developing countries converge with the desires of the host countries to attract foreign capital. Yet to be politically feasible in the developed country, North-South PTAs must discriminate against third countries. PTAs thus create a competitive dynamic between countries, as excluded firms lobby their governments to restore access to important investment locations, leading to yet more preferential agreements. Based on extensive research in Europe, Japan, and the Americas and interviews with decision-makers in governments and the private sector, this book offers a new perspective on the roles of the state and corporations in international trade.

Foreign trade policy --- #SBIB:33H071 --- #SBIB:327.7H31 --- Economische internationale betrekkingen --- Andere intergouvernementele organisaties: WTO, ASEAN e.a. --- Free trade --- Tariff preferences --- Trade blocs --- Regional economic blocs --- Regional trading blocs --- Trading blocs --- International trade --- Differential duty --- Discriminating duty --- Generalized system of preferences (Tariff) --- GSP (Tariff) --- Preferences, Tariff --- Preferential duty --- Preferential tariff --- Trade preferences --- Tariff --- Free trade and protection --- Trade, Free --- Trade liberalization --- Andere intergouvernementele organisaties: WTO, ASEAN e.a --- Tariff preferences. --- Trade blocs. --- Free trade. --- Social Sciences --- Political Science

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Foreign trade policy --- Tariff --- Tariff preferences --- Commercial policy --- accords commerciaux internationaux --- internationale handelsverdragen --- Differential duty --- Discriminating duty --- Generalized system of preferences (Tariff) --- GSP (Tariff) --- Preferences, Tariff --- Preferential duty --- Preferential tariff --- Trade preferences --- Ad valorem tariff --- Border taxes --- Customs (Tariff) --- Customs duties --- Duties --- Fees, Import --- Import controls --- Import fees --- Tariff on raw materials --- Indirect taxation --- Revenue --- Customs administration --- Favored nation clause --- Non-tariff trade barriers --- Reciprocity (Commerce) --- International trade --- International trade policy --- Trade policy --- Economic policy --- International economic relations --- Government policy