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This Special Issue, “Approaches in Enhancing Antioxidant Defense in Plants” published 13 original research works and a couple of review articles that discuss the various aspects of plant oxidative stress biology and ROS metabolism, as well as the physiological mechanisms and approaches to enhancing antioxidant defense and mitigating oxidative stress. These papers will serve as a foundation for plant oxidative stress tolerance and, in the long term, provide further research directions in the development of crop plants’ tolerance to abiotic stress in the era of climate change.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- melatonin --- water stress --- drought --- waterlogging --- abiotic stress --- antioxidants --- stress signaling --- phytohormones --- antioxidant --- biomolecules --- climate change --- reactive oxygen species --- halophytes --- soil salinity --- signaling molecules --- molybdenum --- cadmium stress --- photosynthetic pigments --- oxidative damage --- quality characters --- fragrant rice --- brassinosteroids --- chromium --- heavy metals --- rice --- adaptability --- heat stress --- water homeostasis --- hormone --- stoma --- transpiration --- antioxidant defense systems --- gene ontology --- miRNA --- 3D structures --- methyl jasmonate --- photosystem --- Brassica napus --- salinity stress --- antioxidant enzymes --- osmolytes --- ROS --- metabolites --- antioxidant defence --- ascorbate --- glutathione --- microspore embryogenesis --- Hordeum vulgare --- ×Triticosecale Wittm. --- nitric oxide --- iron-deficiency --- chlorosis --- alfalfa --- chilling --- legumes --- pollen --- stigma --- acclimatization --- stress --- Cr+6 bioremediation --- improved antioxidant activity --- plant growth promotion --- rhizobacteria --- superoxide dismutase --- potato --- AlphaFold --- salicylic acid --- Glycine max --- seed germination --- photosynthesis --- secondary metabolites --- salinity --- melatonin --- water stress --- drought --- waterlogging --- abiotic stress --- antioxidants --- stress signaling --- phytohormones --- antioxidant --- biomolecules --- climate change --- reactive oxygen species --- halophytes --- soil salinity --- signaling molecules --- molybdenum --- cadmium stress --- photosynthetic pigments --- oxidative damage --- quality characters --- fragrant rice --- brassinosteroids --- chromium --- heavy metals --- rice --- adaptability --- heat stress --- water homeostasis --- hormone --- stoma --- transpiration --- antioxidant defense systems --- gene ontology --- miRNA --- 3D structures --- methyl jasmonate --- photosystem --- Brassica napus --- salinity stress --- antioxidant enzymes --- osmolytes --- ROS --- metabolites --- antioxidant defence --- ascorbate --- glutathione --- microspore embryogenesis --- Hordeum vulgare --- ×Triticosecale Wittm. --- nitric oxide --- iron-deficiency --- chlorosis --- alfalfa --- chilling --- legumes --- pollen --- stigma --- acclimatization --- stress --- Cr+6 bioremediation --- improved antioxidant activity --- plant growth promotion --- rhizobacteria --- superoxide dismutase --- potato --- AlphaFold --- salicylic acid --- Glycine max --- seed germination --- photosynthesis --- secondary metabolites --- salinity

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In recent decades, new technologies have made remarkable progress in helping to understand biological systems. Rapid advances in genomic profiling techniques such as microarrays or high-performance sequencing have brought new opportunities and challenges in the fields of computational biology and bioinformatics. Such genetic sequencing techniques allow large amounts of data to be produced, whose analysis and cross-integration could provide a complete view of organisms. As a result, it is necessary to develop new techniques and algorithms that carry out an analysis of these data with reliability and efficiency. This Special Issue collected the latest advances in the field of computational methods for the analysis of gene expression data, and, in particular, the modeling of biological processes. Here we present eleven works selected to be published in this Special Issue due to their interest, quality, and originality.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- HIGD2A --- cancer --- DNA methylation --- mRNA expression --- miRNA --- quercetin --- hypoxia --- eQTL --- CRISPR-Cas9 --- single-cell clone --- fine-mapping --- power --- RNA N6-methyladenosine site --- yeast genome --- methylation --- computational biology --- deep learning --- bioinformatics --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- transcriptomics --- proteomics --- bioinformatics analysis --- differentiation --- Gene Ontology --- Reactome Pathways --- gene-set enrichment --- meta-analysis --- transcription factor --- binding sites --- genomics --- chilling stress --- CBF --- DREB --- CAMTA1 --- pathway --- text mining --- infiltration tactics optimization algorithm --- classification --- clustering --- microarray --- ensembles --- machine learning --- infiltration --- computational intelligence --- gene co-expression network --- murine coronavirus --- viral infection --- immune response --- data mining --- systems biology --- obesity --- differential genes expression --- exercise --- high-fat diet --- pathways --- potential therapeutic targets --- DNA N6-methyladenine --- Chou's 5-steps rule --- Convolution Neural Network (CNN) --- Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) --- machine-learning --- chromatin interactions --- prediction --- genome architecture --- HIGD2A --- cancer --- DNA methylation --- mRNA expression --- miRNA --- quercetin --- hypoxia --- eQTL --- CRISPR-Cas9 --- single-cell clone --- fine-mapping --- power --- RNA N6-methyladenosine site --- yeast genome --- methylation --- computational biology --- deep learning --- bioinformatics --- hepatocellular carcinoma --- transcriptomics --- proteomics --- bioinformatics analysis --- differentiation --- Gene Ontology --- Reactome Pathways --- gene-set enrichment --- meta-analysis --- transcription factor --- binding sites --- genomics --- chilling stress --- CBF --- DREB --- CAMTA1 --- pathway --- text mining --- infiltration tactics optimization algorithm --- classification --- clustering --- microarray --- ensembles --- machine learning --- infiltration --- computational intelligence --- gene co-expression network --- murine coronavirus --- viral infection --- immune response --- data mining --- systems biology --- obesity --- differential genes expression --- exercise --- high-fat diet --- pathways --- potential therapeutic targets --- DNA N6-methyladenine --- Chou's 5-steps rule --- Convolution Neural Network (CNN) --- Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) --- machine-learning --- chromatin interactions --- prediction --- genome architecture

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A “genotype"" is essentially an organism's full hereditary information which is obtained from its parents. A ""phenotype"" is an organism's actual observed physical and behavioral properties. These may include traits such as morphology, size, height, eye color, metabolism, etc. One of the pressing challenges in computational and systems biology is genotype-to-phenotype prediction. This is challenging given the amount of data generated by modern Omics technologies. This “Big Data” is so large and complex that traditional data processing applications are not up to the task. Challenges arise in collection, analysis, mining, sharing, transfer, visualization, archiving, and integration of these data. In this Special Issue, there is a focus on the systems-level analysis of Omics data, recent developments in gene ontology annotation, and advances in biological pathways and network biology. The integration of Omics data with clinical and biomedical data using machine learning is explored. This Special Issue covers new methodologies in the context of gene–environment interactions, tissue-specific gene expression, and how external factors or host genetics impact the microbiome.

precision medicine informatics --- n/a --- drug sensitivity --- chromatin modification --- cell lines --- biocuration --- neurodegeneration --- multivariate analysis --- artificial intelligence --- epigenetics --- missing data --- sequencing --- clinical data --- class imbalance --- integrative analytics --- algorithm development for network integration --- deep phenotype --- non-omics data --- feature selection --- Gene Ontology --- miRNA–gene expression networks --- omics data --- plot visualization --- Alzheimer’s disease --- tissue classification --- epidemiological data --- proteomic analysis --- genotype --- RNA expression --- indirect effect --- multi-omics --- dementia --- multiomics integration --- data integration --- phenomics --- network topology analysis --- challenges --- transcriptome --- enrichment analysis --- regulatory genomics --- scalability --- heterogeneous data --- systemic lupus erythematosus --- database --- microtubule-associated protein tau --- disease variants --- genomics --- joint modeling --- distance correlation --- annotation --- phenotype --- direct effect --- curse of dimensionality --- gene–environment interactions --- logic forest --- machine learning --- KEGG pathways --- multivariate causal mediation --- amyloid-beta --- bioinformatics pipelines --- support vector machine --- pharmacogenomics --- candidate genes --- tissue-specific expressed genes --- cognitive impairment --- causal inference --- miRNA-gene expression networks --- Alzheimer's disease --- gene-environment interactions

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This Special Issue entitled “β-glucan in foods and health benefits” reports on the health benefits of indigestible carbohydrates with respect to metabolic diseases and immune functions. The effects of β-glucan have been investigated through the use isolated preparations or natural dietary fibers from whole grain cereals and brans, yeasts, or Euglena. This Special Issue includes original research articles that are based on human intervention studies that address the effects of β-glucan on metabolic diseases and immune function-related markers as well as in vitro and in vivo studies. It also reviews the health benefits of β-glucans in humans.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Food & society --- humans --- oat β-glucan --- acute glycemic response --- dietary fiber --- preload --- carbohydrates --- β-1,3-glucan --- Euglena gracilis --- Ca2+ signaling --- intestinal epithelial cell --- intravital imaging --- small intestine --- immune system --- barley --- β-glucan --- microarray --- short chain fatty acids --- lipid metabolism. --- low molecular weight --- fermentation --- prebiotics --- Autreobasidium pullulans --- β-1,3-1,6-glucan --- physiological function --- oat beta-glucan --- colitis --- Crohn’s disease --- apoptosis --- autophagy --- TLRs --- Dectin-1 --- rats --- L cell --- glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) --- glucose tolerance --- short-chain fatty acids --- sIgA --- microbiota --- randomized clinical trial --- symptoms --- gastrointestinal tract --- musculo-skeletal system --- oats --- oatmeal --- beta-glucan --- beta glucan --- health claim --- regulation --- food-health relationship --- gastritis --- inflammatory process --- antioxidant properties --- paramylon --- abdominal fat --- DNA microarray --- gene ontology --- PPAR signaling --- n/a --- Crohn's disease

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This book is a compilation of articles by experts on the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease, many of which are full of data-based evidence from basic research perspectives or patient data.

70-kDa heat shock proteins --- gingival crevicular fluid --- heat shock protein --- periodontitis --- periodontal disease --- diabetes --- diabetic retinopathy --- bleeding on probing --- probing pocket depth --- fasting blood sugar --- carotid artery calcification --- alveolar bone loss --- computed tomography --- panoramic radiographs --- aspiration pneumonia --- chronic periodontitis --- Porphyromonas gingivalis --- proinflammatory cytokines --- TLR2 --- epidemiological index --- item response theory --- oral examination --- diagnosis --- Mfa1 --- Toll-like receptors --- gingival fibroblast --- azithromycin --- human gingival fibroblast --- human periodontal ligament fibroblast --- IL-6 --- IL-8 --- MMP-1 --- MMP-2 --- chewing ability --- infection --- inflammation --- periodontal medicine --- Gan-Lu-Yin --- herbal medicine --- osteoclastogenesis --- periodontal diseases --- periodontal pocket --- health status indicators --- periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) --- rheumatoid arthritis --- tocilizumab --- periodontal inflamed surface area --- periodontal pathogen --- mixed effect modeling --- follow-up study --- Low reactive Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) --- human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) --- microarray --- differentially gene expression (DEGs) --- gene ontology --- biological processes (BP) --- protein–protein interaction (PPI)