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Not since the atomic bomb as a technology so alarmed its inventors that they warned the world about its use. Not, that is, until 2015, when biologist Jennifer Doudna called for a worldwide moratorium on the use of the gene-editing tool CRISPR - a revolutionary new technology that she helped create - to make heritable changes in human embryos. The cheapest, simplest, most effective way of manipulating DNA ever known, CRISPR may well give us the cure to HIV, genetic diseases, and some cancers. Yet even the tiniest changes to DNA could have myriad, unforeseeable consequences - to say nothing of the implications of intentionally mutating embryos to create 'better' humans.

CRISPR (GENETICS) --- GENE EDITING

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This report documents the third meeting of the WHO Expert Advisory Committee on Developing Global Standards for Governance and Oversight of Human Genome Editing, held in Cape Town, South Africa. The committee is tasked with addressing scientific, ethical, social, and legal challenges related to human genome editing. Key topics include developing governance mechanisms, promoting transparency, and ensuring responsible stewardship of genome editing technologies such as CRISPR-Cas9. The report outlines the committee's past and ongoing work, including the establishment of a research registry and recommendations against clinical applications of germline editing without proper oversight. It serves as a resource for policymakers, researchers, and organizations involved in genome editing governance.

Gene editing. --- Human genome.

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"Heritable human genome editing - making changes to the genetic material of eggs, sperm, or any cells that lead to their development, including the cells of early embryos, and establishing a pregnancy - raises not only scientific and medical considerations but also a host of ethical, moral, and societal issues. Human embryos whose genomes have been edited should not be used to create a pregnancy until it is established that precise genomic changes can be made reliably and without introducing undesired changes - criteria that have not yet been met, says Heritable Human Genome Editing. From an international commission of the U.S. National Academy of Medicine, U.S. National Academy of Sciences, and the U.K.'s Royal Society, the report considers potential benefits, harms, and uncertainties associated with genome editing technologies and defines a translational pathway from rigorous preclinical research to initial clinical uses, should a country decide to permit such uses. The report specifies stringent preclinical and clinical requirements for establishing safety and efficacy, and for undertaking long-term monitoring of outcomes. Extensive national and international dialogue is needed before any country decides whether to permit clinical use of this technology, according to the report, which identifies essential elements of national and international scientific governance and oversight."--

Gene editing. --- Human genome. --- Ethics.

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International uproar followed the recent announcement of the birth of twin girls whose genomes had been edited with a breakthrough DNA editing-technology. This technology, called clustered regularly interspaced short palindrome repeats or CRISPR-Cas9, can alter any DNA, including DNA in embryos, meaning that changes can be passed to the offspring of the person that embryo becomes. Should we use gene editing technologies to change ourselves, our children, and future generations to come? The potential uses of CRISPR-Cas9 and other gene editing technologies are unprecedented in human history. By using these technologies, we eradicate certain dreadful diseases. Altering human DNA, however, raises enormously difficult questions. Some of these questions are about safety: Can these technologies be deployed without posing an unreasonable risk of physical harm to current and future generations? Can all physical risks be adequately assessed, and responsibly managed? But gene editing technologies also raise other moral questions, which touch on deeply held, personal, cultural, and societal values: Might such technologies redefine what it means to be healthy, or normal, or cherished? Might they undermine relationships between parents and children, or exacerbate the gap between the haves and have-nots? The broadest form of this second kind of question is the focus of this book: What might gene editing―and related technologies―mean for human flourishing? In the new essays collected here, an interdisciplinary group of scholars asks age―old questions about the nature and well-being of humans in the context of a revolutionary new biotechnology―one that has the potential to change the genetic make-up of both existing people and future generations. Welcoming readers who study related issues and those not yet familiar with the formal study of bioethics, the authors of these essays open up a conversation about the ethics of gene editing. It is through this conversation that citizens can influence laws and the distribution of funding for science and medicine, that professional leaders can shape understanding and use of gene editing and related technologies by scientists, patients, and practitioners, and that individuals can make decisions about their own lives and the lives of their families.

Gene Editing --- Humanism --- Quality of Life --- Happiness

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"Beginning with the amazing tale of the Chinese "CRISPR Babies," Greely tells the complex story of human germline editing, covering the science, ethics, law, and politics"--

Gene editing --- Human genome --- Gene Editing --- Genome, Human --- Génome humain --- Genome, Human.