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An alarming number of women and girls become victims-survivors of gender-based violence (GBV) at least once during their lifetime. While GBV has garnered more attention from policymakers in recent years, and has become a top gender-equality priority for OECD countries, significant challenges remain in all countries. This report promotes a comprehensive approach to breaking the cycle of GBV by combining insights from recent OECD work with robust evidence from surveys and questionnaires conducted in OECD Member countries. It offers recommendations for a comprehensive OECD GBV Governance Framework encompassing laws and access to justice, transforming restrictive gender norms, and integrating service delivery to prevent, address and - ultimately - end this violation of human rights.

Gender-based violence.

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The objective of this assessment is to provide background information about GBV issues, policies, programming, and gaps in Malawi, for the purpose of assisting the World Bank (WB) to 1. consider how to directly support efforts to address GBV in Malawi; 2. inform strategies for integrating attention to GBV in development programming; and 3. understand the extent of GBV response programming. In addition to providing an overview of data on the scope of GBV in Malawi, the assessment investigates: legislative and policy protections related to GBV; systems and coordination mechanisms in place for addressing GBV in Malawi; and GBV response and prevention programming. The assessment analyzes key gaps across these areas of investigation based on inputs from key stakeholders as well as the desk review and concludes with several recommendations for WB to consider assisting in addressing these key gaps.

Gender-based violence.

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Strengthening the role of women and promoting gender equality are key priorities for the Timor-Leste government and essential for achieving the World Bank's twin goals of eradicating extreme poverty and sustainably boosting shared prosperity. The Timor-Leste Country Gender Action Plan (CGAP) provides a framework for addressing gender barriers and priorities through the World Bank Timor-Leste portfolio. The CGAP aims to contribute to the government of Timor-Leste's (GOTL) development and gender equality goals by reducing gaps between men and women, and promoting human capital development and economic opportunities. It provides a framework to support the World Bank country team in ensuring that barriers to gender equality are effectively assessed, tracked, and targeted through its operations and advisory support. The CGAP is divided into seven chapters. Following the introduction and background, Chapter 4 provides an updated gender diagnostic to highlight key gender gaps in Timor-Leste across three key domains (endowments, economic opportunities, and voice and agency). Chapter 5 and 6 outline the government's and the World Bank's priorities and commitments to gender in Timor-Leste. Chapter 7 provides a framework for the CGAP and WBG engagement aimed at strengthening the integration of gender across the Timor-Leste country office's operational portfolio, analytical products, policy, and advisory work. It also provides institutional and operational targets, with the overall goal of creating an accountable and enabling environment for achieving greater gender equality in outputs and outcomes.

Gender-based violence.

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Gender segmentation in labor markets shapes the local effects of international trade. This paper develops a theory that embeds trade in gender-segmented labor markets and shows that in this framework, foreign demand shocks may increase or decrease the female-to-male employment ratio. If a foreign demand shock from a relevant market happens in a female-intensive (male-intensive) sector, the model predicts that the female-to-male employment ratio should increase (decrease). The paper then uses plausibly exogenous variation in the exposure of Tunisian local labor markets to foreign demand shocks and shows that the empirical results are consistent with the theoretical prediction. In Tunisia, a country with a high degree of gender segmentation in the labor markets, foreign demand shocks have been relatively larger in male-intensive sectors. This induced a decrease in the female-to-male employment ratio, with households likely substituting female for male labor supply.

Gender-based violence.

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With a population of approximately 18.2 million people, Guatemala is the most populous country in Central America. Guatemala has one of the highest rates of femicide in the world, with violent deaths of women increasing from 1.3 per 100,000 women in 2020 to 1.6 per 100,000 women in 2021, resulting in 527 femicides reported in 2021 and 534 in 2022, and 69 femicides reported by March 2023. High-risk groups facing multiple and intersecting forms of discrimination include young and adolescent girls, indigenous women, those who have experienced adolescent pregnancies, early unions or marriages, women and girls living with disabilities, and LGBTQ+ groups. In order to address violence and discrimination against women and girls in Guatemala, various initiatives and policies have been implemented by the government and civil society organizations. However, much work remains to be done to effectively address the root causes of these issues and ensure the safety and wellbeing of all women and girls in the country.

Gender-based violence.