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Entrepreneurial activity by nobles was highly debated in the European Early Modern period. Generally, it was considered socially inappropriate. Nevertheless, profit-oriented activities of the nobility were an economic necessity and an everyday matter. The volume traces this ambivalence, using European examples between 1600 and 1900 from various ranks of the nobility and different fields of economic activity. It shows that the involvement of the nobility in European economic processes should not be underestimated. The book opens up an underrepresented field of research for a more in-depth examination. Unternehmerisches Engagement von Adeligen wurde in der europäischen Frühen Neuzeit unterschiedlich bewertet, galt aber tendenziell als nicht standesgemäß. Dennoch war das Wirtschaften, das am Gewinn orientierte Handeln des Adels, eine ökonomische Notwendigkeit und stellte eine Selbstverständlichkeit dar. Der Band spürt dieser Ambivalenz anhand von europäischen Beispielen zwischen 1600 und 1900 in verschiedenen Adelsrängen und unterschiedlichen Feldern wirtschaftlichen Handelns nach. Er zeigt, dass das Engagement des Adels in den europäischen Wirtschaftsprozessen nicht zu unterschätzen ist, und öffnet das bislang unterrepräsentierte Forschungsfeld einer neuerlichen Betrachtung.

Historiography --- Entrepreneurship --- Aristocracy, Entrepreneurship, Europe, Historiography, Gender History, Adel, Unternehmertum, Europa, Historiographie, Gender Geschichte --- Aristocracy, Entrepreneurship, Europe, Historiography, Gender History, Adel, Unternehmertum, Europa, Historiographie, Gender Geschichte

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This book starts from the premise that the study of "exceptionally normal" women and men – as conceived by microhistory – has radical implications for understanding history and politics, and applies this notion to Sudan. Against a historiography dominated by elite actors and international agents, it examines both how ordinary people have brought about the most important political shifts in the country’s history (including the recent revolution in 2019) and how they have played a role in maintaining authoritarian regimes. It also explores how men and women have led their daily lives through a web of ordinary worries, desires and passions. The book includes contributions by historians, anthropologists, and political scientists who often have a dual commitment to Middle Eastern and African studies. While focusing on the complexity and nuances of Sudanese local lives in both the past and the present, it also connects Sudan and South Sudan with broader regional, global, and imperial trends. The book is divided into two volumes and six parts, ordered thematically. The first part tackles the entanglement between archives, social history, and power. The second focuses on women’s agency in history and politics from the Funj era to the recent 2018-2019 revolution. Part 3 includes contributions on the history and global connections of the Sudanese armed forces. In the second volume, part 4 intersects the themes of urban life, leisure, and colonial attitudes with queerness. In part 5, labour identities, practices, and institutions are discussed both in urban milieus and against the background of war and expropriation in rural areas. Finally, part 6 studies the construction of social consent under various self-styled Islamic regimes, as well as the emergence of alternative imaginaries and acts of citizenship in times of political openness.

HISTORY / Africa / General. --- Gender history. --- Politics from below. --- Social history. --- Social movements in Sudan. --- Sudan.

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Rolle und Einfluss der Frauen im politischen Katholizismus wurden bislang wenig beleuchtet. Der Band bündelt Ansätze und lotet Perspektiven aus. Er spannt dabei einen Bogen von 1870/71 bis in die frühe Bundesrepublik. Das Thema ist von breitem Interesse für Forschungsdebatten der jüngeren Zeit, etwa zur Modernität des Kaiserreiches, den Potentialen der Weimarer Republik oder der Abkehr von der "success-story" der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Der Blick richtet sich auf Einflüsse von Frauen auf männliche Politiker, auf die Kämpfe von Frauen um politischen Einfluss und schließlich auf prominente Parlamentarierinnen der Zentrumspartei wie Helene Wessel, Christine Teusch oder Helene Weber.

19. Jahrhundert --- 19th Century --- 20. Jahrhundert --- 20th Century --- Cultural History --- Gender History --- Kulturgeschichte --- Zentrumspartei --- Parliamentarianism --- Parlamentarismus

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"The thirteen critical and well-documented chapters of Women, Work and Activism examine women's labor struggle from late nineteenth-century Portuguese mutual societies to Yugoslav peasant women's work in the 1930s, and from the Catalan labor movement under the Franco dictatorship to workplace democracy in the United States. The authors portray women's labor activism in a wide variety of contexts. This includes spontaneous resistance to masculinist trade unionism, the feminist engagement of women workers, the activism of communist wives of workers, and female long-distance migration, among others. The chapters address the gendered involvement of working people in multiple and often precarious and unstable labor relations and in unpaid labor, as well as the role of the state and other institutions in shaping the history of women's labor.The book is an innovative contribution to both the new labor history and feminist history. It fully integrates the conceptual advances made by gender historians in the study of labor activism, driving home critiques of Eurocentric historiographies of labor to Europe while simultaneously contributing to an inclusive history of women's labor-related activism wherever to be found. Examining women's activism in male-dominated movements and institutions, and in women's networks and organizations, the authors make a case for a new direction in gender history"-- "The thirteen critical and well-documented chapters of Women, Work and Activism examine women's labor struggle from late nineteenth-century Portuguese mutual societies to Yugoslav peasant women's work in the 1930s, and from the Catalan labor movement under the Franco dictatorship to workplace democracy in the United States. The authors portray women's labor activism in a wide variety of contexts. This includes spontaneous resistance to masculinist trade unionism, the feminist engagement of women workers, the activism of communist wives of workers, and female long-distance migration, among others. The chapters address the gendered involvement of working people in multiple and often precarious and unstable labor relations and in unpaid labor, as well as the role of the state and other institutions in shaping the history of women's labor. The book is an innovative contribution to both the new labor history and feminist history. It fully integrates the conceptual advances made by gender historians in the study of labor activism, driving home critiques of Eurocentric historiographies of labor to Europe while simultaneously contributing to an inclusive history of women's labor-related activism wherever to be found. Examining women's activism in male-dominated movements and institutions, and in women's networks and organizations, the authors make a case for a new direction in gender history"--

Labor --- Women employees --- History --- Women’s labor activism. --- gender history. --- labor history. --- social movements.

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Die klassische feministische Geschichtsschreibung hat zugunsten bekannter Gruppen, Personen, Texte und Ereignisse den Blick für die Differenziertheit der Akteur_innen verloren. Es gab jedoch nie den einen Feminismus; vielmehr konnten sich feministische Bewegungen und Debatten gerade erst durch ihre inhärenten Konflikte immer wieder neu artikulieren und dadurch wirkmächtig werden. Trotz der Vielzahl an Publikationen gelingt es nur wenigen Überblickswerken, sich von einer überkommenen Mainstream-Erzählung zu lösen. Dieser Band reaktualisiert daher die Debatten um die Geschichte und die Bedeutung des Feminismus jenseits von Klischees, historischen Reduktionismen oder unkritischer Affirmation. »Neue Perspektiven eröffnen neue Diskussion!« Wir Frauen, 4 (2014) »Eine vielfältige, informative und mutige Publikation. Sie versucht nicht die Widersprüche in feministischen Diskursen und Bewegungen zu glätten und sich einer dogmatischen Darstellung von Feminismus als einheitliche und bruchlose Fortschrittsgeschichte anzuschließen. Vielmehr akzentuiert sie diese Widersprüche, nimmt eine intersektionale Perspektive ein und verleiht den feministischen Diskursen dadurch mehr Authentizität. « Anja Müller, www.socialnet.de, 22.02.2015 »Das Buch ist lesenswert für alle, die an der Geschichte des Feminismus interessiert sind und Lust haben, die Vergangenheit mit neuen Facetten zu entdecken.« Newsletter Gleichberechtigung und Vernetzung e.V., 7 (2014) Besprochen in: GMK-Newsletter, 5 (2014) www.literaturkritik.de, 7 (2014), Rolf Löchel Stichwort, 38 (2014), Stephanie Arzberger analyse & kritik, 14.10.2014, Anna Stiede Ariadne, 66 (2014), Heike Dreier Portal für Politikwissenschaft, 24.09.2015, Matthias Lemke Werkstatt Geschichte, 70 (2015), Katharina Brechensbauer

Feminism --- Women --- History. --- Historiography. --- Feminismus; Geschichte; Rasse; Klasse; Gender; Geschlecht; Kulturgeschichte; Geschlechtergeschichte; Gender Studies; Soziale Bewegungen; Geschichtswissenschaft; Cultural History; Gender History; Social Movements; History --- Cultural History. --- Gender History. --- Gender Studies. --- Social Movements.