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This paper studies the effect of increased access to antiretroviral therapy on risky sexual behavior, using data collected in Mozambique in 2007 and 2008. The survey sampled both households of randomly selected HIV positive individuals and households from the general population. Controlling for unobserved individual characteristics, the findings support the hypothesis of disinhibition behaviors, whereby risky sexual behaviors increase in response to the perceived changes in risk associated with increased access to antiretroviral therapy. Furthermore, men and women respond differently to the perceived changes in risk. In particular, risky behaviors increase for men who believe, wrongly, that AIDS can be cured, while risky behaviors increase for women who believe, correctly, that antiretroviral therapy can treat AIDS but cannot cure it. The findings suggest that scaling up access to antiretroviral therapy without prevention programs may not be optimal if the objective is to contain the disease, since people would adjust their sexual behavior in response to the perceived changes in risk. Therefore, prevention programs need to include educational messages about antiretroviral therapy, and address the changing beliefs about HIV in the era of increasing antiretroviral therapy availability.

Abstinence --- Adolescent Health --- AIDS Treatment --- Disease Control & Prevention --- Gender --- Gender and Health --- Gender Difference --- Health Facility --- Health, Nutrition and Population --- HIV AIDS --- HIV Positive --- Individual Characteristics --- Population Policies --- Risky Sexual Behaviors --- Safe Sex --- Use of Condoms --- Voluntary Counseling

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Das erste Jahrbuch der Sektion Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung in der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Erziehungswissenschaft unter dem Titel "Geschlechterforschung in der Kritik" ist eine Bilanzierung der bisherigen Entwicklung der Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung im erziehungswissenschaftlichen Kontext.

Gender studies, gender groups --- Gender identity. --- Patriarchy. --- Androcracy --- Patriarchal families --- Fathers --- Families --- Male domination (Social structure) --- Patrilineal kinship --- Sex identity (Gender identity) --- Sexual identity (Gender identity) --- Identity (Psychology) --- Sex (Psychology) --- Queer theory --- Gender Studies --- Geschlechterdifferenz --- Männerforschung --- Patriarchat --- Patriarchy --- Research on Men --- Gender Difference --- Männerforschung

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Using data they collected in rural Burkina Faso, the authors examine how children's cognitive abilities influence resource constrained households' decisions to invest in their education. This paper uses a direct measure of child ability for all primary school-aged children, regardless of current school enrollment. The analysis explicitly incorporates direct measures of the ability of each child's siblings (both absolute and relative measures) to show how sibling rivalry exerts an impact on the parents' decision of whether and how much to invest in their child's education. The findings indicate that children with one standard deviation higher own ability are 16 percent more likely to be currently enrolled, while having a higher ability sibling lowers current enrollment by 16 percent and having two higher ability siblings lowers enrollment by 30 percent. The results are robust to addressing the potential reverse causality of schooling influencing child ability measures and using alternative cognitive tests to measure ability.

Achievement --- Achievement tests --- Child labor --- Cognitive ability --- Early childhood --- Education --- Educational Sciences --- Gender --- Gender and Law --- Gender difference --- Governance --- Human development --- Individual characteristics --- Intelligence --- Modeling --- Only children --- Perception --- Personality --- Personality traits --- Primary Education --- Primary school --- Problem solving --- Psychology --- Street Children --- Urban Development --- Working memory --- Young children --- Youth and Governance

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Psychosexual Development. --- Sex Characteristics. --- #SBIB:613.88H10 --- #SBIB:316.21H42 --- Sex Differences --- Sex Dimorphism --- Characteristic, Sex --- Characteristics, Sex --- Difference, Sex --- Differences, Sex --- Dimorphism, Sex --- Dimorphisms, Sex --- Sex Characteristic --- Sex Difference --- Sex Dimorphisms --- Sex --- Anal Stage --- Phallic Stage --- Anal Stages --- Development, Psychosexual --- Developments, Psychosexual --- Phallic Stages --- Psychosexual Developments --- Stage, Anal --- Stage, Phallic --- Stages, Anal --- Stages, Phallic --- Sexuality --- Seksualiteit: algemeen --- Theoretische sociologie: sociobiologie --- Psychosexual development --- Sex characteristics --- Sexual Dimorphism --- Dimorphism, Sexual --- Dimorphisms, Sexual --- Sexual Dimorphisms --- Psychosexual development. --- Sex characteristics. --- Gender Characteristics --- Gender Differences --- Gender Dimorphism --- Sexual Dichromatism --- Characteristic, Gender --- Dichromatism, Sexual --- Dichromatisms, Sexual --- Dimorphism, Gender --- Gender Characteristic --- Gender Difference --- Gender Dimorphisms --- Sexual Dichromatisms --- Sexual Selection --- Psychosexual Development --- Sex Characteristics

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Men --- Males --- Males. --- Psychology --- Psychology. --- JEX8 --- Arts and Humanities --- Health Sciences --- Social Sciences --- Society and Culture --- Neurology --- Psychiatry & Psychology --- Behavioral Science (Psychology) and Counselling --- Gender Studies --- psychology. --- Human males --- Sex --- Human beings --- Effeminacy --- Masculinity --- Sex Characteristics. --- Mannelijkheid. --- Sexual Dimorphism --- Sex Differences --- Sex Dimorphism --- Characteristic, Sex --- Characteristics, Sex --- Difference, Sex --- Differences, Sex --- Dimorphism, Sex --- Dimorphism, Sexual --- Dimorphisms, Sex --- Dimorphisms, Sexual --- Sex Characteristic --- Sex Difference --- Sex Dimorphisms --- Sexual Dimorphisms --- Gender Characteristics --- Gender Differences --- Gender Dimorphism --- Sexual Dichromatism --- Characteristic, Gender --- Dichromatism, Sexual --- Dichromatisms, Sexual --- Dimorphism, Gender --- Gender Characteristic --- Gender Difference --- Gender Dimorphisms --- Sexual Dichromatisms --- Sexual Selection --- Hommes --- Mâles --- Différences entre sexes. --- Psychologie