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This paper looks at the private schooling sector in Pakistan, a country that is seriously behind schedule in achieving the Millennium Development Goals. Using new data, the authors document the phenomenal rise of the private sector in Pakistan and show that an increasing segment of children enrolled in private schools are from rural areas and from middle-class and poorer families. The key element in their rise is their low fees-the average fee of a rural private school in Pakistan is less than a dime a day (Rs.6). They hire predominantly local, female, and moderately educated teachers who have limited alternative opportunities outside the village. Hiring these teachers at low cost allows the savings to be passed on to parents through low fees. This mechanism-the need to hire teachers with a certain demographic profile so that salary costs are minimized-defines the possibility of private schools: where they arise, fees are low. It also defines their limits. Private schools are horizontally constrained in that they arise in villages where there is a pool of secondary educated women. They are also vertically constrained in that they are unlikely to cater to the secondary levels in rural areas, at least until there is an increase in the supply of potential teachers with the required skills and educational levels.

Children --- Education --- Education for All --- Education Reform and Management --- Educational Outcomes --- Effective Schools and Teachers --- Enrollment --- Fees --- Gender --- Gender and Education --- Gender Disparities --- Investment --- Knowledge --- Participation --- Primary Education --- Primary Schools --- Private School --- Private Schooling --- Private Schools --- Rural Areas --- School Construction --- Secondary Education --- Skills --- Teacher Training --- Teachers --- Tertiary Education --- Training Programs --- Women

Choose an application

• Reference Manager
• EndNote
• RefWorks (Direct export to RefWorks)

This paper looks at the private schooling sector in Pakistan, a country that is seriously behind schedule in achieving the Millennium Development Goals. Using new data, the authors document the phenomenal rise of the private sector in Pakistan and show that an increasing segment of children enrolled in private schools are from rural areas and from middle-class and poorer families. The key element in their rise is their low fees-the average fee of a rural private school in Pakistan is less than a dime a day (Rs.6). They hire predominantly local, female, and moderately educated teachers who have limited alternative opportunities outside the village. Hiring these teachers at low cost allows the savings to be passed on to parents through low fees. This mechanism-the need to hire teachers with a certain demographic profile so that salary costs are minimized-defines the possibility of private schools: where they arise, fees are low. It also defines their limits. Private schools are horizontally constrained in that they arise in villages where there is a pool of secondary educated women. They are also vertically constrained in that they are unlikely to cater to the secondary levels in rural areas, at least until there is an increase in the supply of potential teachers with the required skills and educational levels.

Children --- Education --- Education for All --- Education Reform and Management --- Educational Outcomes --- Effective Schools and Teachers --- Enrollment --- Fees --- Gender --- Gender and Education --- Gender Disparities --- Investment --- Knowledge --- Participation --- Primary Education --- Primary Schools --- Private School --- Private Schooling --- Private Schools --- Rural Areas --- School Construction --- Secondary Education --- Skills --- Teacher Training --- Teachers --- Tertiary Education --- Training Programs --- Women

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• EndNote
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The overall goal of this book is to give the reader a state-of-the-art synopsis of the pharmacist services domain. To accomplish this goal, the authors have addressed the social, psychosocial, political, legal, historic, clinical, and economic factors that are associated with pharmacist services. In this book, you will gain cutting-edge insights from learning about the research of experts throughout the world. The findings have relevance for enhancing pharmacist professionalism, pharmacist practice, and the progression of pharmacist services in the future.

n/a --- medication experience --- medication safety --- collaborative practice --- age disparities --- Comprehensive Medication Management --- pharmacist --- pharmaceutical care --- readmissions --- healthy people 2020 --- multiple chronic conditions --- comparative case study --- billing --- interprofessional care --- clinical pharmacy --- safety --- community pharmacy --- qualitative research --- 21st century history --- medication management --- innovation science --- clinical results --- healthcare access --- documentation --- cost avoidance --- code of ethics --- misuse --- intention --- experiential learning --- opioid use disorder --- pharmacist workforce --- adverse drug events --- cue orientation --- pharmacy intern --- continuity of patient care --- decision-making --- community-based pharmacist practitioners --- service process --- quality assurance --- vaccination --- medication-related problems --- medication therapy management --- chronic kidney disease --- services marketing --- pharmacist roles --- health workers --- disposal --- federally qualified health center --- pharmacy services --- student pharmacist --- pharmacy communication --- interrupted time series analysis --- interprofessional practice and education --- 20th century history --- pharmacist services --- transitions in care --- retail clinics --- pharmacy clinical services --- counseling --- brown bag --- chronic diseases --- observation --- medication therapy problems --- ambulatory care --- mobile health units --- human papilloma virus --- community-based pharmacy --- medication reconciliation --- pharmacy learners --- collaboration --- care plan --- primary care --- interprofessional training --- travel --- theory of planned behavior. --- information sharing --- pharmacy practice --- health care policy --- medication adherence --- ethics --- pharmaceutical intervention --- medication synchronization --- counselling --- comprehensive medication review --- medication use burden --- dispensing --- pharmacy staff --- communication --- mental illness --- pharmacy benefit manager (PBM) --- focus group interviews --- South Asian --- pharmaceutical regulation --- wellness programs --- serviced marketing --- emergency unit --- immunization --- pharmacy --- quality measurement/benchmarking --- advanced practice pharmacist provider --- job satisfaction --- job-related preferences --- naltrexone --- medication discrepancies --- interprofessional --- CMS Star rating --- HPV vaccination --- regulatory --- clinical practice --- community pharmacists --- ethical models --- immunization programs --- health policy --- nurse practitioners --- history of pharmacy --- cystic fibrosis --- focus groups --- community pharmacy practice --- gender disparities --- pharmaceutical care practice --- comprehensive medication management --- value --- design thinking --- grants --- value-added services --- pharmacists --- adherence --- implementation --- opioid --- primary health care --- mental health first aid --- pharmacy practice faculty --- community pharmacy services --- comprehensive medication management services --- pharmacy education --- coordinated care --- management --- mental health care --- competitive advantage --- organizations --- Denmark --- naloxone --- compensation