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Sexual Dimorphism- Various biological studies on the subject of sex differences have been published. The subjects of these studies are not only humans, but also other mammals, birds, amphibians, insects, extending to ostracoda in the Paleozoic era. Moreover, original methods in individual studies have been used. This book provides convincing reasons which explain sex differences. The book also shows that, even if considered that some living things do not have sex differences, in reality they do. The somewhat different data on sex differences in this book will offer new ideas not only to life scientists and biologists, but social and cultural scientists as well.
Sex differences. --- Gender differences --- Sexual dimorphism in humans --- Sex differentiation --- Reproductive medicine
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The saga of sex differences in brain and behavior begins with a tiny sperm swimming toward a huge egg, to contribute its tiny Y chromosome plus its copies of the other chromosomes. Genetic, anatomic and physiologic alterations in the male ensue, making his brain and behavior different in specific respects from his sister. Brain-wise, specific cell groups develop differently in males compared to females, in some cases right after birth and in other cases at puberty. But genetics and neuroanatomy do not dominate the scene. Prenatal stress, postnatal stress and lousy treatment at puberty all can
Sex differences (Psychology) --- Sex differences. --- Gender differences --- Sexual dimorphism in humans --- Sex differentiation --- Sex (Psychology)
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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
immune response --- sex hormones --- Sex hormone receptors --- gender differences --- Pregnancy --- Autoimmunity --- Infections --- allergy --- Prolactin --- Respiratory disorders
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This book reviews the published research and methodologies concerning sex differences in normal physiology and disease and examines basic science research into sex differences in all physiological fields, including cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal physiology.
Sex differences. --- Physiology. --- Animal physiology --- Animals --- Biology --- Anatomy --- Gender differences --- Sexual dimorphism in humans --- Sex differentiation --- Physiology
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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
Medicine --- Immunology --- immune response --- sex hormones --- Sex hormone receptors --- gender differences --- Pregnancy --- Autoimmunity --- Infections --- allergy --- Prolactin --- Respiratory disorders
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With the rise of digital and social media companies are facing a whole new dimension. New technologies make it possible to reach a very large audience and to pass on messages in a few seconds all over the world. This transformation has not only affected companies, but also consumers in their daily lives, in their habits and way of life. Their buying behavior has been transformed by social media (Power & Phillips-Wren, 2011). We live in a world of digital communication and social influence. Costumers have never had so much power and are becoming more demanding. Costumers also have become content creators and are closer than ever to businesses. 37% of the world’s population is active on social media (Solomon & Tuten, 2019). Social networks are indeed becoming crucial for some companies and are becoming part of their marketing strategies. There is growing interest in the influence of social media on consumer behavior and purchasing decisions. Executive Summary: With the rise of digital technologies and social media, companies are facing a whole new dimension. New technologies make it possible to reach a very large audience and to pass on messages in a few seconds all over the world. This transformation has not only affected companies, but also consumers in their daily lives, in their habits and way of life. Their buying behavior has been transformed by social media (Power & Phillips-Wren, 2011). We live in a world of digital communication and social influence. Costumers have never had so much power and are becoming more demanding. Costumers also have become content creators and are closer than ever to businesses. 37% of the world’s population is active on social media (Solomon & Tuten, 2019). Indeed, social networks are becoming crucial for some companies and are part of their marketing strategies. There is growing interest in the influence of social media on consumer behavior and purchasing decisions. While the first Internet users were mainly men (Tissier & Kimmel, 2002), today, at the global level, social networks are used almost equally by men and women. Since women got more rights and became more financial independent, marketing researchers have realized that gender is indeed a segmentation criterion that allows them to better target their audience. Understanding the differences between men and women allows them to establish appropriate marketing strategies.
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This eBook is a collection of articles from a Frontiers Research Topic. Frontiers Research Topics are very popular trademarks of the Frontiers Journals Series: they are collections of at least ten articles, all centered on a particular subject. With their unique mix of varied contributions from Original Research to Review Articles, Frontiers Research Topics unify the most influential researchers, the latest key findings and historical advances in a hot research area! Find out more on how to host your own Frontiers Research Topic or contribute to one as an author by contacting the Frontiers Editorial Office: frontiersin.org/about/contact
Medicine --- Immunology --- immune response --- sex hormones --- Sex hormone receptors --- gender differences --- Pregnancy --- Autoimmunity --- Infections --- allergy --- Prolactin --- Respiratory disorders
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Even though the number of working women has steadily increased over the last few years, women are still significantly under-represented in STEM activities (i.e. mathematics, informatics, science and technology). In order to eliminate this under-representation, numerous education policies and corporate initiatives, particularly in the recent past, have been aimed at increasing women's enthusiasm for STEM activities and professions. According to the latest surveys, however, it is clear that these efforts have not yet led to the desired success. Compared to their male counterparts, women continue to do fewer STEM activities. One possible reason for this is that relatively little is yet known about the concrete impact of the above education policies on working with innovation and technology: What are the gender differences between women and men? Is it enough to recognize these differences, or should these differences ideally not only be recognized, but also treated appropriately or even encouraged? This anthology deals with current topics in technology and innovation management against the background of these and other gender-relevant aspects. Empirical analyses and experiments in collaboration with companies from various sectors provide a sound scientific basis on which new results and findings are presented: How do women and men deal with creativity and competition? How are technologies applied and how can differences in access to technology be deduced? Answers to these and other questions help decision-makers in politics and business to proactively use the differences between women and men to motivate women to work in the STEM field and to strengthen them by acknowledging existing differences.
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Genetics --- Sex allocation --- Sex differences --- 575.18 --- Gender differences --- Sexual dimorphism in humans --- Sex differentiation --- Allocation, Sex --- Sex (Biology) --- Sex allocation. --- Sex differences.
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The development of gender differences as an area of research has been rapid over the last decades. Varieties of studies have focused on the gender differences as well as the similarities of women and men. The common purpose of the research attempt is to find out the possibilities and even the consequences of gender differences and the impact on human beings on one side, and social and cultural environment on the other. This book is an attempt to provide theoretical and empirical framework to better understand gender differences in various contexts and on different levels. Therefore, the contributions cover an array of themes that span from an individual level to an organizational and societal level.
Sex differences. --- Human biology --- Philosophy. --- Biology --- Physical anthropology --- Gender differences --- Sexual dimorphism in humans --- Sex differentiation --- Social Sciences --- Gender Studies --- Social Sciences and Humanities --- Inequality
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