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The present Special Issue of Symmetry is devoted to two important areas of global Riemannian geometry, namely submanifold theory and the geometry of Lie groups and homogeneous spaces. Submanifold theory originated from the classical geometry of curves and surfaces. Homogeneous spaces are manifolds that admit a transitive Lie group action, historically related to F. Klein's Erlangen Program and S. Lie's idea to use continuous symmetries in studying differential equations. In this Special Issue, we provide a collection of papers that not only reflect some of the latest advancements in both areas, but also highlight relations between them and the use of common techniques. Applications to other areas of mathematics are also considered.

warped products --- vector equilibrium problem --- Laplace operator --- cost functional --- pointwise 1-type spherical Gauss map --- inequalities --- homogeneous manifold --- finite-type --- magnetic curves --- Sasaki-Einstein --- evolution dynamics --- non-flat complex space forms --- hyperbolic space --- compact Riemannian manifolds --- maximum principle --- submanifold integral --- Clifford torus --- D’Atri space --- 3-Sasakian manifold --- links --- isoparametric hypersurface --- Einstein manifold --- real hypersurfaces --- Kähler 2 --- *-Weyl curvature tensor --- homogeneous geodesic --- optimal control --- formality --- hadamard manifolds --- Sasakian Lorentzian manifold --- generalized convexity --- isospectral manifolds --- Legendre curves --- geodesic chord property --- spherical Gauss map --- pointwise bi-slant immersions --- mean curvature --- weakly efficient pareto points --- geodesic symmetries --- homogeneous Finsler space --- orbifolds --- slant curves --- hypersphere --- ??-space --- k-D’Atri space --- *-Ricci tensor --- homogeneous space

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The aim of this book is to study harmonic maps, minimal and parallel mean curvature immersions in the presence of symmetry. In several instances, the latter permits reduction of the original elliptic variational problem to the qualitative study of certain ordinary differential equations: the authors' primary objective is to provide representative examples to illustrate these reduction methods and their associated analysis with geometric and topological applications. The material covered by the book displays a solid interplay involving geometry, analysis and topology: in particular, it includes a basic presentation of 1-cohomogeneous equivariant differential geometry and of the theory of harmonic maps between spheres.

Cartes harmoniques --- Harmonic maps --- Harmonische kaarten --- Immersies (Wiskunde) --- Immersions (Mathematics) --- Immersions (Mathématiques) --- Harmonic maps. --- Differential equations, Elliptic --- Applications harmoniques --- Immersions (Mathematiques) --- Équations différentielles elliptiques --- Numerical solutions. --- Solutions numériques --- Équations différentielles elliptiques --- Solutions numériques --- Differential equations [Elliptic] --- Numerical solutions --- Embeddings (Mathematics) --- Manifolds (Mathematics) --- Mappings (Mathematics) --- Maps, Harmonic --- Arc length. --- Catenary. --- Clifford algebra. --- Codimension. --- Coefficient. --- Compact space. --- Complex projective space. --- Connected sum. --- Constant curvature. --- Corollary. --- Covariant derivative. --- Curvature. --- Cylinder (geometry). --- Degeneracy (mathematics). --- Diagram (category theory). --- Differential equation. --- Differential geometry. --- Elliptic partial differential equation. --- Embedding. --- Energy functional. --- Equation. --- Existence theorem. --- Existential quantification. --- Fiber bundle. --- Gauss map. --- Geometry and topology. --- Geometry. --- Gravitational field. --- Harmonic map. --- Hyperbola. --- Hyperplane. --- Hypersphere. --- Hypersurface. --- Integer. --- Iterative method. --- Levi-Civita connection. --- Lie group. --- Mathematics. --- Maximum principle. --- Mean curvature. --- Normal (geometry). --- Numerical analysis. --- Open set. --- Ordinary differential equation. --- Parabola. --- Quadratic form. --- Sign (mathematics). --- Special case. --- Stiefel manifold. --- Submanifold. --- Suggestion. --- Surface of revolution. --- Symmetry. --- Tangent bundle. --- Theorem. --- Vector bundle. --- Vector space. --- Vertical tangent. --- Winding number. --- Differential equations, Elliptic - Numerical solutions

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Outer billiards is a basic dynamical system defined relative to a convex shape in the plane. B. H. Neumann introduced this system in the 1950's, and J. Moser popularized it as a toy model for celestial mechanics. All along, the so-called Moser-Neumann question has been one of the central problems in the field. This question asks whether or not one can have an outer billiards system with an unbounded orbit. The Moser-Neumann question is an idealized version of the question of whether, because of small disturbances in its orbit, the Earth can break out of its orbit and fly away from the Sun. In Outer Billiards on Kites, Richard Schwartz presents his affirmative solution to the Moser-Neumann problem. He shows that an outer billiards system can have an unbounded orbit when defined relative to any irrational kite. A kite is a quadrilateral having a diagonal that is a line of bilateral symmetry. The kite is irrational if the other diagonal divides the quadrilateral into two triangles whose areas are not rationally related. In addition to solving the basic problem, Schwartz relates outer billiards on kites to such topics as Diophantine approximation, the modular group, self-similar sets, polytope exchange maps, profinite completions of the integers, and solenoids--connections that together allow for a fairly complete analysis of the dynamical system.

Hyperbolic spaces. --- Singularities (Mathematics) --- Transformations (Mathematics) --- Geometry, Plane. --- Plane geometry --- Algorithms --- Differential invariants --- Geometry, Differential --- Geometry, Algebraic --- Hyperbolic complex manifolds --- Manifolds, Hyperbolic complex --- Spaces, Hyperbolic --- Geometry, Non-Euclidean --- Abelian group. --- Automorphism. --- Big O notation. --- Bijection. --- Binary number. --- Bisection. --- Borel set. --- C0. --- Calculation. --- Cantor set. --- Cartesian coordinate system. --- Combination. --- Compass-and-straightedge construction. --- Congruence subgroup. --- Conjecture. --- Conjugacy class. --- Continuity equation. --- Convex lattice polytope. --- Convex polytope. --- Coprime integers. --- Counterexample. --- Cyclic group. --- Diameter. --- Diophantine approximation. --- Diophantine equation. --- Disjoint sets. --- Disjoint union. --- Division by zero. --- Embedding. --- Equation. --- Equivalence class. --- Ergodic theory. --- Ergodicity. --- Factorial. --- Fiber bundle. --- Fibonacci number. --- Fundamental domain. --- Gauss map. --- Geometry. --- Half-integer. --- Homeomorphism. --- Hyperbolic geometry. --- Hyperplane. --- Ideal triangle. --- Intersection (set theory). --- Interval exchange transformation. --- Inverse function. --- Inverse limit. --- Isometry group. --- Lattice (group). --- Limit set. --- Line segment. --- Linear algebra. --- Linear function. --- Line–line intersection. --- Main diagonal. --- Modular group. --- Monotonic function. --- Multiple (mathematics). --- Orthant. --- Outer billiard. --- Parallelogram. --- Parameter. --- Partial derivative. --- Penrose tiling. --- Permutation. --- Piecewise. --- Polygon. --- Polyhedron. --- Polytope. --- Product topology. --- Projective geometry. --- Rectangle. --- Renormalization. --- Rhombus. --- Right angle. --- Rotational symmetry. --- Sanity check. --- Scientific notation. --- Semicircle. --- Sign (mathematics). --- Special case. --- Square root of 2. --- Subsequence. --- Summation. --- Symbolic dynamics. --- Symmetry group. --- Tangent. --- Tetrahedron. --- Theorem. --- Toy model. --- Translational symmetry. --- Trapezoid. --- Triangle group. --- Triangle inequality. --- Two-dimensional space. --- Upper and lower bounds. --- Upper half-plane. --- Without loss of generality. --- Yair Minsky.