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Water --- Organic water pollutants --- Water chemistry --- Hydrodynamics --- Chemical kinetics --- Chemistry --- Civil & Environmental Engineering --- Engineering & Applied Sciences --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Chemistry - General --- Environmental Engineering --- Pollution --- Congresses --- Chemical reaction [Rate of ] --- Organic compounds. --- Elements --- Gas diffusion --- Sediments --- Waters, natural

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This Special Issue is aimed at presenting the state of the art of the multidisciplinary science concerning all aspects of volcanic plumes, of relevance to the volcanology, climatology, atmospheric science, and remote sensing communities.

alginate --- gas diffusion method --- bubble-column scrubber --- X-ray diffraction --- phosphorylated chitin --- calcite --- calcium carbonate --- sedimentary model --- composite --- urease --- Amu Darya Basin --- sericin --- aragonite --- ammonia bicarbonate --- capture --- hydrogels --- bacterial extracellular secretion --- MICP --- carbonation --- SEM --- multi-wall carbon nanotubes --- micromechanics --- Lessonia nigrescens --- biomineralization --- Bacillus subtilis --- CO2 --- Sporosarcina pasteurii --- CaCO3 --- mass-transfer coefficient --- hierarchic structure --- main controlling factors --- carbon dioxide --- surface energy --- Callovian-Oxfordian --- contact angle --- potentiometric titration --- xanthan --- cement --- crystallization --- nacre --- reservoir --- electrocrystallization

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This is a reprint of articles from the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This book addresses the most recent developments in soil pollution and restoration, contaminant hydrology, and ground disturbance to stimulate fruitful technical and scientific interactions between professionals.

Technology: general issues --- History of engineering & technology --- Environmental science, engineering & technology --- groundwater --- hydrochemistry --- hexavalent chromium contamination --- water chemistry simulation --- construction disturbance --- replacement of embankment --- foamed cement banking technology --- post-construction settlement --- method of replacement thickness calculation --- steam injection --- ethanol --- azeotropic temperature --- heterogeneous aquifers --- nitrobenzene --- microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) --- unsaturated soil --- soil-water characteristic curves --- matrix suction --- microstructure --- molecular dynamics --- mechanical properties --- montmorillonite --- basal spacing --- long-term freeze–thaw cycles --- composite heavy metal contamination --- morphological analysis --- solidification/stabilization --- groundwater level fluctuation zone --- nitrogen --- migration and transformation --- HYDRUS-1D model --- kinetic adsorption and desorption --- groundwater table fluctuations --- Pb --- migration --- experimental study --- unsaturated subgrade --- capillary barrier --- distress control of wetting --- xanthan gum --- silt --- water retention capacity --- strength --- wetting process --- microscopic tests --- overconsolidation effect --- thermal pore water pressure --- calculation method --- saturated clay --- additives --- compacted clay cover --- moisture retention --- gas diffusion barrier --- hydraulic conductivity --- tidal action --- silty-clay soil --- riparian hyporheic zone --- inorganic nitrogen --- occurrence characteristics --- influencing factors --- n/a --- long-term freeze-thaw cycles

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Over the few coming decades, bio-based and biodegradable plastics produced from sustainable bioresources should essentially substitute the prevalent synthetic plastics produced from exhaustible hydrocarbon fossils. To the greatest extend, this innovative trend has to apply to the packaging manufacturing area and especially to food packaging implementation. To supply the rapid production increment of biodegradable plastics, there must be provided the effective development of scientific-technical potential that promotes the comprehensive exploration of their structural, functional, and dynamic characteristics. In this regard, the transition from passive barrier materials preventing water and oxygen transport as well as bacteria infiltration to active functional packaging that ensures gas diffusion selectivity, antiseptics' and other modifiers' release should be based on the thorough study of biopolymer crystallinity, morphology, diffusivity, controlled biodegradability and life cycle assessment. This Special Issue accumulates the papers of international teams that devoted to scientific and industrial bases providing the biodegradable material development in the barrier and active packaging as well as in agricultural applications. We hope that book will bring great interest to the experts in the area of sustainable biopolymers.

bio-HDPE --- GA --- natural additives --- thermal resistance --- UV stability --- food packaging --- antimicrobial properties --- polyethylene --- birch bark extract --- ultrasound --- thermoplastic starch --- biodegradation --- permeability --- diffusion --- sorption --- porous membranes --- hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymers --- PLA bottle --- bio-based and biodegradable polymers --- life cycle assessment --- environmental impact --- ReCiPe2016 method --- packaging material --- bio-based polymer composite --- natural rubber --- water absorption --- mycological test --- biodegradability --- mechanical properties --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) --- polylactic acid (PLA) --- biomaterials --- gas permeability --- gas diffusion --- segmental dynamics --- electron spin resonance (ESR) --- scanning electron microscopy (SEM) --- differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) --- poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-methyl-3-hydroxyvalerate) --- hydrolysis --- pancreatic lipase --- mechanical behavior --- chitosan --- polymeric films --- crosslinking --- genipin --- sorption isotherm --- degree of crosslinking --- polylactide --- poly(ethyleneglycol) --- blending under shear deformations --- electrospinning --- oil absorption --- Monte Carlo --- bio-based polymers --- biodegradable packaging --- biopolymer structure --- encapsulation --- life cycle analysis

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This book, which is a reprint of articles published in the Special Issue "Advances in Hydrogen Energy" in Energies, seeks to contribute to disseminating the most recent advancements in the field of hydrogen energy. It does so by presenting scientific works from around the world covering both modeling and experimental analysis. The focus is placed on research covering all aspects of the hydrogen energy, from production to storage and final use, including the development of other easy to transport and versatile hydrogen-based energy carriers via the power-to-x (PtX) route, such as ammonia and methanol.Hydrogen energy research and development has attracted growing attention as one of the key solutions for clean future energy systems. In order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, governments across the world are developing ambitious policies to support hydrogen technology, and an increasing level of funding has been allocated for projects of research, development, and demonstration of these technologies. At the same time, the private sector is capitalizing on the opportunity with larger investments in hydrogen technology solutions.While intense research activities have been dedicated to this field, several issues require further research prior to achieving full commercialization of hydrogen technology solutions. This book addresses some of these issues by presenting detailed models to optimize design strategies and operating conditions for the entire hydrogen value chain, covering production via electrolysis, storage and use in different types of fuel cells and in different forms of energy carriers.

Technology: general issues --- methanol steam reforming --- hydrogen production --- exhaust waste heat --- rib microreactor --- air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cells --- adiabatic fuel cell temperature --- thermodynamic analysis of proton exchange membrane fuel cells --- ammonia --- hydrogen --- production --- storage --- utilization --- CO2 free --- hydrogen storage --- hydrogen compression --- non-mechanical compressors --- electrochemical compressors --- activated carbons --- computational analysis --- high-pressure methanol steam reformer --- phase change heat transfer --- high pressure steam condensation --- high temperature PEM --- fuel cell --- electro-osmotic drag --- polymer electrolyte membrane --- proton exchange membrane fuel cells --- proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cells --- membrane water transport --- elementary reactions steps --- rate-determining step --- solid oxide electrolysis cell --- multi-physics --- optimal rib/pitch ratio --- parameters sensitivity --- analytical expression --- SOFC --- system --- model --- stack test --- hydrogen systems --- cryogenics --- vortex tubes --- computational fluid dynamics --- low melting metal --- Al-based alloy --- metal smelting --- fuel cells --- hydrogen hybrid energy system --- thermography --- CFD modeling --- heat transfer --- optimization --- PEM --- fault --- diagnosis --- electrochemical impedance spectroscopy --- distribution of relaxation times --- reformate --- proton exchange membrane fuel cell --- gas diffusion layer --- microscopic porous layer --- fracture --- two phase flow