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"This book argues that the current conversation about affirmative action and college admissions omits a key dimension: the conditions of racial inequality that students and their families experience from early childhood through high school, and which continue throughout postsecondary education. The moment of matriculation is part of a much longer process that begins in homes, schools, and communities, which prepares some students well and leaves others at a disadvantage. And when students attend college, they still might not have the resources to stay in school and graduate, particularly if their college cannot help with their financial needs. Drawing on extensive data, the authors argue that, historically, the only major breakthroughs on racial barriers to education and economic opportunity have come in periods of commitment to race-conscious policies. They argue that colorblind policies, by ignoring the racial realities of schools and society, have critically limited access to education for students of color. The authors propose a series of policies and practices that could make educational opportunity more equal. They argue that when it is impossible to implement race-conscious policies, educational institutions must implement "race-sensitive" policies built with an understanding of the roots of racial inequality, so as to avoid building a future with profound intergenerational racial inequality"--
Affirmative action programs in education. --- 1960s and early 1970s. --- Gary Orfield. --- James Anderson. --- Princeton University Press. --- Race, Justice & Equity. --- Stella Flores. --- The Failure of Colorblind Policy for Higher Education. --- The Walls around Opportunity. --- The case for race-conscious education policy. --- books about education. --- but their children often attend schools that do not prepare them. --- college preparation. --- college presidents. --- education debt. --- education policy. --- education. --- educational equity. --- families of color fully share the dream of college. --- financial aid. --- higher education. --- racial equity. --- repairing education debt. --- sustained efforts at racial equity in higher education. --- the higher education system gives the best opportunities to the most privileged. --- unequal society.
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The United States Supreme Court's 1954 landmark decision, Brown v. Board of Education, set into motion a process of desegregation that would eventually transform American public schools. This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of how Brown's most visible effect--contact between students of different racial groups--has changed over the fifty years since the decision. Using both published and unpublished data on school enrollments from across the country, Charles Clotfelter uses measures of interracial contact, racial isolation, and segregation to chronicle the changes. He goes beyond previous studies by drawing on heretofore unanalyzed enrollment data covering the first decade after Brown, calculating segregation for metropolitan areas rather than just school districts, accounting for private schools, presenting recent information on segregation within schools, and measuring segregation in college enrollment. Two main conclusions emerge. First, interracial contact in American schools and colleges increased markedly over the period, with the most dramatic changes occurring in the previously segregated South. Second, despite this change, four main factors prevented even larger increases: white reluctance to accept racially mixed schools, the multiplicity of options for avoiding such schools, the willingness of local officials to accommodate the wishes of reluctant whites, and the eventual loss of will on the part of those who had been the strongest protagonists in the push for desegregation. Thus decreases in segregation within districts were partially offset by growing disparities between districts and by selected increases in private school enrollment.
Education and state --- Segregation in education --- School integration --- African Americans --- Education --- Segregation --- Academic achievement. --- Affirmative action. --- African Americans. --- Asian Americans. --- Attendance. --- Black school. --- Border Region. --- Brown v. Board of Education. --- Calculation. --- Catholic school. --- Census tract. --- Central State University. --- Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools. --- Cheyney University of Pennsylvania. --- Civil Rights Act of 1964. --- Classroom. --- Common Core State Standards Initiative. --- Community college. --- De jure. --- Desegregation busing. --- Desegregation. --- Education. --- Elementary school. --- Equal Education. --- Equal opportunity. --- Ethnic group. --- Extracurricular activity. --- Finding. --- Fort Wayne Community Schools. --- Gary Orfield. --- Gordon Allport. --- Graduate school. --- Gunnar Myrdal. --- Harvard College. --- Harvard University. --- Higher education. --- Historically black colleges and universities. --- Household. --- Income. --- Institution. --- Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System. --- Junior college. --- Kindergarten. --- Lincoln University (Pennsylvania). --- Magnet school. --- Matriculation. --- Metropolitan statistical area. --- Middle school. --- Milliken v. Bradley. --- Minority group. --- Mixed-sex education. --- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. --- National Association of Independent Schools. --- National Center for Education Statistics. --- New York City Department of Education. --- Ninth grade. --- Of Education. --- Office for Civil Rights. --- Pell Grant. --- Percentage point. --- Percentage. --- Policy debate. --- Private school. --- Private sector. --- Private university. --- Psychologist. --- Public school (United Kingdom). --- Public university. --- Racial "a. --- Racial integration. --- Racial segregation. --- Racism. --- Rates (tax). --- School choice. --- School district. --- School of education. --- Secondary education. --- Secondary school. --- Self-esteem. --- Separate school. --- Slavery. --- Social class. --- Social science. --- Sociology. --- Special education. --- State school. --- Student. --- Students' union. --- Suburb. --- Sweatt v. Painter. --- Teacher. --- Tenth grade. --- Tuition payments. --- Undergraduate education. --- University and college admission. --- University of North Carolina. --- University-preparatory school. --- University. --- White flight. --- Year.
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