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Gender studies

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À l’aune des débats sur la parité en politique, de nombreux travaux scientifiques se sont penchés sur les rapports de genre entre hommes et femmes politiques et sur le caractère souvent masculin du pouvoir. Mais très peu de recherches ont exploré les rapports au genre déployés en dehors des manifestes militants pro ou antiféministes, c’est-à-dire la façon dont le genre peut constituer une grille d’analyse employée – ou non – par chaque citoyen∙ne pour décrypter le jeu politique et lui donner sens. Pourtant, analyser les rapports au genre, c’est-à-dire la manière dont les individus – qu’ils soient élus ou électeurs, cadres administratifs ou journalistes politiques – s’approprient le genre dans leurs discours et leurs actes, permet d’éclairer la fabrique du politique et de renouveler le regard scientifique porté sur celui-ci. Les contributions rassemblées au sein de cet ouvrage montrent combien les rapports au genre peuvent façonner les rapports au politique, à l’engagement militant et à l’action publique. Elles soulignent la diversité des processus par lesquels la politique est perçue, reçue et bâtie, mais aussi les obstacles auxquels se heurte la conduite de l’action publique. Les rapports ambivalents au féminisme ou l’évitement du genre sont autant d’entraves à l’emprise réelle d’injonctions politiques à l’égalité, à la parité ou à la mixité. On saisit mieux, dès lors, tout l’intérêt de se pencher sur les rapports au genre pour appréhender les processus complexes de la fabrique du politique.

Gender studies

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Why, Amy E. Foster asks, did it take two decades after the Soviet Union launched its first female cosmonaut for the United States to send its first female astronaut into space? In answering this question, Foster recounts the complicated history of integrating women into NASA’s astronaut corps. NASA selected its first six female astronauts in 1978. Foster examines the political, technological, and cultural challenges that the agency had to overcome to usher in this new era in spaceflight. She shows how NASA had long developed progressive hiring policies but was limited in executing them by a national agenda to beat the Soviets to the moon, budget constraints, and cultural ideas about women’s roles in America. Lively writing and compelling stories, including personal interviews with America’s first women astronauts, propel Foster’s account. Through extensive archival research, Foster also examines NASA’s directives about sexual discrimination, the technological issues in integrating women into the corps, and the popular media’s discussion of women in space. Foster puts together a truly original study of the experiences not only of early women astronauts but also of the managers and engineers who helped launch them into space.In documenting these events, Foster offers a broader understanding of the difficulties in sexually integrating any workplace, even when the organization approaches the situation with as positive an outlook and as strong a motivation as did NASA.

Gender studies: women --- Gender studies: women & girls

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Rethinking Japanese Feminisms offers a broad overview of the great diversity of feminist thought and practice in Japan from the early twentieth century to the present. Drawing on methodologies and approaches from anthropology, cultural studies, gender and sexuality studies, history, literature, media studies, and sociology, each chapter presents the results of research based on some combination of original archival research, careful textual analysis, ethnographic interviews, and participant observation.The volume is organized into sections focused on activism and activists, employment and education, literature and the arts, and boundary crossing. Some chapters shed light on ideas and practices that resonate with feminist thought but find expression through the work of writers, artists, activists, and laborers who have not typically been considered feminist; others revisit specific moments in the history of Japanese feminisms in order to complicate or challenge the dominant scholarly and popular understandings of specific activists, practices, and beliefs. The chapters are contextualized by an introduction that offers historical background on feminisms in Japan, and a forward-looking conclusion that considers what it means to rethink Japanese feminism at this historical juncture.Building on more than four decades of scholarship on feminisms in Japanese and English, as well as decades more on women’s history, Rethinking Japanese Feminisms offers a diverse and multivocal approach to scholarship on Japanese feminisms unmatched by existing publications. Written in language accessible to students and non-experts, it will be at home in the hands of students and scholars, as well as activists and others interested in gender, sexuality, and feminist theory and activism in Japan and in Asia more broadly.

SOCIAL SCIENCE / Gender Studies.

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This groundbreaking study explores the later lives and late-life writings of more than two dozen British women authors active during the long eighteenth century.Drawing on biographical materials, literary texts, and reception histories, Devoney Looser finds that far from fading into moribund old age, female literary greats such as Anna Letitia Barbauld, Frances Burney, Maria Edgeworth, Catharine Macaulay, Hester Lynch Piozzi, and Jane Porter toiled for decades after they achieved acclaim—despite seemingly concerted attempts by literary gatekeepers to marginalize their later contributions.Though these remarkable women wrote and published well into old age, Looser sees in their late careers the necessity of choosing among several different paths. These included receding into the background as authors of “classics,” adapting to grandmotherly standards of behavior, attempting to reshape masculinized conceptions of aged wisdom, or trying to create entirely new categories for older women writers. In assessing how these writers affected and were affected by the culture in which they lived, and in examining their varied reactions to the prospect of aging, Looser constructs careful portraits of each of her subjects and explains why many turned toward retrospection in their later works.In illuminating the powerful and often poorly recognized legacy of the British women writers who spurred a marketplace revolution in their earlier years only to find unanticipated barriers to acceptance in later life, Looser opens up new scholarly territory in the burgeoning field of feminist age studies.

Gender studies, gender groups