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The parasitic lifestyle in plants has always been the subject of curiosity of scientists, but during the last decade, our understanding of parasitic plant–host interactions has greatly evolved due to rapid advances in molecular and genomic tools, especially high throughput DNA sequencing, transcriptomics, and metabolomics. Recent findings taken the science of parasitic plants to a higher level, opening up new horizons in parasitic weed management. The discovery of a novel family of phytohormones, the strigolactones, and their involvement in the host detection and evolution of parasitic plants, the detection of information exchange between host and parasite, and elucidation of the suppression of host defense mechanisms by parasites has led to a deeper understanding of physiological processes in host–parasite interactions. In the light of recent achievements, the re-evaluation of control management, including smart chemical control, crop breeding, and molecular genetics, are on the agenda.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- chemigation --- drip irrigation --- Egyptian broomrape --- herbicide --- imazapic --- parasitic plants --- tomato --- weed control --- sunflower (Helianthus annuus) --- broomrape (Orobanche cumana) --- broomrape resistance --- transcriptomics --- GC-MS analysis --- holoparasitic plant --- metabolic changes --- parasitic organs --- parasitic weeds --- Striga --- Orobanche --- Phelipanche --- chickpea --- strigolactone --- chickpea phenotype --- chlorophyll --- carotenoid --- anthocyanin --- Cuscuta --- food chain --- feeding mode --- heavy metal --- holoparasite --- host --- tRNA --- mobile mRNA --- crop safety --- branched broomrape --- imazamox --- sulfosulfuron --- germination stimulant --- isothiocyanates --- structure–activity relationship --- suicidal germination --- Striga hermonthica --- seedbank --- strigolactone analogs --- witch weeds --- methyl phenlactonoate --- Phelipanche aegyptiaca --- glyphosate --- ethametsulfuron-methyl --- chemical control --- n/a --- structure-activity relationship

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Essential oils extracted by the distillation or hydrodistillation of aromatic plants are a complex mixture of volatile compounds with several biological activities. Their efficacy as antimicrobial agents is related to the activity of several natural compounds belonging to different chemical families that can act both in synergy with each other and with other antibiotics. The antibiotic resistance detected among pathogens has been quickly increasing in recent years, and the control of some of these microorganisms is becoming a planetary emergency for human and animal health. The control of the microbial growth is a problem of great importance also for the food industry (food deterioration and shelf life extension) and for the world of cultural heritage (indoor and outdoor phenomena of biodeterioration). Essential oils can play an important role in this scenario, due their recognized broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Therefore, the main subject of this Special Issue includes an essential oil-based approach to control microrganisms in areas such as human and veterinary medicine, entomology, food industry and agriculture. In addition, the chemical composition of essential oils from endemic and rare medicinal/aromatic plants, nanoformulations of essential oils, applications in human and veterinary medicine and its use as animal feeding supplements are topics covered in this Special Issue

extracellular polymeric substance matrix --- cellulose synthesis --- enzyme inhibition --- essential oils --- Boswellia sacra --- frankincense essential oil --- GC/MS analysis --- antimicrobial activity --- Staphylococcus aureus --- Pseudomonas aeruginosa --- Propionibacterium acnes --- Candida albicans --- Malassezia furfur --- lamb --- carvacrol --- monensin --- meat tenderness --- TBARS --- essential oil --- genetic --- RAPD --- thyme --- Thymus quinquecostatus --- Thymus vulgaris --- Penicillium rubens --- growth inhibition --- RNA microarray --- gene expression --- metabolic pathway analysis --- Ferula --- GC --- chemometrics --- antioxidant activity --- Acinetobacter baumannii --- MDR --- biofilm --- antimicrobial --- Pimenta --- Myrtaceae --- wound infection --- eugenol --- 1,8-cineole --- GC/MS --- Salmonella --- Origanum vulgare --- ciprofloxacin --- poultry farms --- pig farms --- Staphylococcus spp. --- human semen --- antimicrobial resistance --- rosewood --- linalool --- marine bacteria --- ABTS --- Trypanosoma cruzi --- cytotoxicity --- nitrite --- nitric oxide --- antifungal activity --- nanoencapsulation --- poly(ε-caprolactone) --- Thymus capitatus --- Satureja montana --- Lavandula angustifolia --- Lavandula intermedia --- Origanum hirtum --- Monarda didyma --- Monarda fistulosa --- Alternaria alternata --- cucurbits --- Cymbopogon citratus --- GC-MS --- Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum --- n/a

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Oxidative stress causes chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, Alzheimer, chronic obstructive pulmonary, and neurodegenerative pathologies. Antioxidant systems defend human cells from free radicals. They act by stopping free radicals, decreasing their development, and quenching the formed ROS and RNS. The antioxidant molecules are classified into primary and secondary defense molecules. The primary antioxidant molecules (i.e., vitamins C and E, ubiquinone, and glutathione) reduce oxidation effects by moving a proton to the free radical species or electron donors, or by terminating the chain reactions The secondary antioxidants (i.e., N-acetyl cysteine and lipoic acid) act as cofactors for some enzyme systems or neutralize the production of free radicals by transition metals. This work comprises original research papers and reviews on antioxidant molecules in food, the agricultural practices that maximize their levels in plants, the potential preventive effects of selected classes of antioxidant molecules, their potential use in functional foods, and the pharmaceutical delivery systems that maximize their potential activity when used as supplements.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- Food & society --- Trichoderma spp. --- EVOO --- olive pomace --- olive vegetation water --- Olea europea var Leccino --- HRMS-Orbitrap --- phenolic identification --- antioxidant activity --- grape seed oil fatty acid --- novel extraction --- tocopherol --- supercritical fluid --- microwave assisted --- ultrasound assisted --- Soxhlet --- olive mill wastewater --- olive oil --- Olive Pâté --- antioxidants --- nutraceutical --- Q Exactive Orbitrap LC-MS/MS --- Clery strawberry --- food processing --- Polyphenols --- multi-methodological evaluation --- HS-GC/MS analysis --- PCA --- antioxidant --- HepG2 cells --- EVOO extract --- IOC methods --- LDLR --- PCSK9 --- tomatoes --- NMR spectroscopy --- FT-ICR mass spectrometry --- ripening stage --- phenolics --- metabolomics --- phytochemicals --- cardoon --- multipurpose plant --- chlorogenic acid --- fatty acids --- herbal treatment --- organic zinc --- lamb --- Haemonchus contortus --- antioxidant enzymes --- lipid peroxidation --- mineral status --- paraxanthine --- caffeine --- CYP1A2 phenotyping --- human saliva --- differential pulse voltammetry --- egg --- flavonoids --- inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) --- metallome --- quercetin --- walnut --- by-products --- antitussive --- ROS --- NOx --- IL-6 --- CXC-R1 --- histopathological analysis --- sustainable agriculture --- onion skin --- traditional varieties --- flavonols --- dietary antioxidants, --- Helichrysum --- medicinal plants --- infusions --- phenolic compounds --- antioxidative potential --- polyphenols --- flavonids --- endogenous antioxidant enzymes --- reduced glutathione --- oxidized glutathione --- catalase --- superoxide dismutase --- interleukin 6 --- tumor necrosis factor --- endurance sports --- Ficus carica --- oxidative stress protection --- stress hormones --- epidermal skin barrier --- nutricosmetics --- brown rice --- fermentation --- germination --- stress --- bioactive compounds --- untargeted metabolomics --- functional food --- health benefits --- lovage --- elicitation --- phenolic acids --- potential anti-inflammatory potential --- anticancer properties --- antioxidative activity --- bioactive peptides --- peptidomics --- mass spectrometry --- soybean --- plant-based foods --- LDL --- CVD --- lipid oxidation --- dietary fiber --- cholesterol --- hyperlipidemia --- microalgae --- spirulina --- inflammation --- lipopolysaccharide --- dairy cows --- fattening bulls --- leukocytes --- spices --- condiments --- extra-virgin olive oil --- antiviral properties --- antioxidant properties --- nutricosmetic --- grape seed --- pomace --- polyunsaturated fatty acids --- polyphenol --- resveratrol --- rutin --- HPLC --- GC --- coumarins --- green synthesis --- DFT --- red algae --- antioxidant and antimicrobial ability --- lipoperoxidation --- salmon --- anticancer --- marigold --- sage --- bearberry --- eucalyptus --- yarrow --- apples --- pomegranate --- mitochondrial DNA --- DNA damage --- apoptosis --- oral cancer --- arbutin --- melanin --- pigment --- melasma --- skin lightening --- cosmetic --- hyperpigmentation --- tyrosinase --- nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) --- Brassicaceae --- light wavelength --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- oxidative stress --- antioxidant proteins --- Moringa leaf extract --- nanoencapsulation --- rabbit --- physiology --- reproduction --- Trichoderma spp. --- EVOO --- olive pomace --- olive vegetation water --- Olea europea var Leccino --- HRMS-Orbitrap --- phenolic identification --- antioxidant activity --- grape seed oil fatty acid --- novel extraction --- tocopherol --- supercritical fluid --- microwave assisted --- ultrasound assisted --- Soxhlet --- olive mill wastewater --- olive oil --- Olive Pâté --- antioxidants --- nutraceutical --- Q Exactive Orbitrap LC-MS/MS --- Clery strawberry --- food processing --- Polyphenols --- multi-methodological evaluation --- HS-GC/MS analysis --- PCA --- antioxidant --- HepG2 cells --- EVOO extract --- IOC methods --- LDLR --- PCSK9 --- tomatoes --- NMR spectroscopy --- FT-ICR mass spectrometry --- ripening stage --- phenolics --- metabolomics --- phytochemicals --- cardoon --- multipurpose plant --- chlorogenic acid --- fatty acids --- herbal treatment --- organic zinc --- lamb --- Haemonchus contortus --- antioxidant enzymes --- lipid peroxidation --- mineral status --- paraxanthine --- caffeine --- CYP1A2 phenotyping --- human saliva --- differential pulse voltammetry --- egg --- flavonoids --- inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) --- metallome --- quercetin --- walnut --- by-products --- antitussive --- ROS --- NOx --- IL-6 --- CXC-R1 --- histopathological analysis --- sustainable agriculture --- onion skin --- traditional varieties --- flavonols --- dietary antioxidants, --- Helichrysum --- medicinal plants --- infusions --- phenolic compounds --- antioxidative potential --- polyphenols --- flavonids --- endogenous antioxidant enzymes --- reduced glutathione --- oxidized glutathione --- catalase --- superoxide dismutase --- interleukin 6 --- tumor necrosis factor --- endurance sports --- Ficus carica --- oxidative stress protection --- stress hormones --- epidermal skin barrier --- nutricosmetics --- brown rice --- fermentation --- germination --- stress --- bioactive compounds --- untargeted metabolomics --- functional food --- health benefits --- lovage --- elicitation --- phenolic acids --- potential anti-inflammatory potential --- anticancer properties --- antioxidative activity --- bioactive peptides --- peptidomics --- mass spectrometry --- soybean --- plant-based foods --- LDL --- CVD --- lipid oxidation --- dietary fiber --- cholesterol --- hyperlipidemia --- microalgae --- spirulina --- inflammation --- lipopolysaccharide --- dairy cows --- fattening bulls --- leukocytes --- spices --- condiments --- extra-virgin olive oil --- antiviral properties --- antioxidant properties --- nutricosmetic --- grape seed --- pomace --- polyunsaturated fatty acids --- polyphenol --- resveratrol --- rutin --- HPLC --- GC --- coumarins --- green synthesis --- DFT --- red algae --- antioxidant and antimicrobial ability --- lipoperoxidation --- salmon --- anticancer --- marigold --- sage --- bearberry --- eucalyptus --- yarrow --- apples --- pomegranate --- mitochondrial DNA --- DNA damage --- apoptosis --- oral cancer --- arbutin --- melanin --- pigment --- melasma --- skin lightening --- cosmetic --- hyperpigmentation --- tyrosinase --- nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) --- Brassicaceae --- light wavelength --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- oxidative stress --- antioxidant proteins --- Moringa leaf extract --- nanoencapsulation --- rabbit --- physiology --- reproduction

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“Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenolic Plant Extracts” is a collection of scientific articles regarding polyphenols, that is, substances occurring naturally in plants and exhibiting many beneficial effects on human health. Among polyphenols’ interesting biological properties, their antioxidant activity is considered the most important. This book brings together experts from different research fields on topics related to polyphenols, such as their isolation and purification, assessment of their antioxidant activity, prevention from oxidative stress-induced diseases and use as food additives. The polyphenols used in the present studies are derived from a great variety of plants, ranging from well-known species to rare ones that are only found in specific regions. Moreover, some of the studies provide evidence that polyphenols may be used for the prevention and treatment of common diseases such as diabetes mellitus, Alzheimers’ disease, cardiovascular and intestinal diseases. Importantly, in several of the studies “green extraction methods” for the isolation of polyphenols were developed using modern technologies, where few or no organic solvents were used, in order to minimize environmental and health impacts.

green leafy vegetables --- effect of cooking --- polyphenols --- antioxidant activity --- Averrhoa bilimbi --- Oxalidaceae --- DPPH --- xanthine oxidase --- LC-QTOF-MS/MS --- molecular docking --- tentative bioactive constituents --- Dialium indum --- exocarp --- seed --- antioxidant --- phenolic acids --- amino acids --- GC-MS analysis --- AGN --- FIR --- phenolic --- flavonoid --- antioxidant capacity --- antimicrobial activity --- polyphenol compounds --- bixin --- rosemary extracts --- method validation --- HPLC --- food matrices --- fruit vinegar --- phenolics --- organic acid --- Ladastacho --- characterisation --- properties --- HPLC/ESI-MS --- HS-SPME/GC-MS --- beneficial use --- antimicrobial --- hydroxytyrosol --- rosemary --- pomegranate --- fish --- volatile compounds --- Rosa canina --- Rosa sempervivens --- Pyrocantha coccinea --- antioxidants --- endothelial cells --- glutathione --- almond skins --- bioavailability --- waste by-products --- flavonoids --- oxidative stress --- human --- reactive oxygen species --- proinflammatory cytokines --- Alzheimer’s disease --- cornelian cherry --- anthocyanins --- gastrointestinal digestion --- Opuntia ficus-indica cladode --- antibiofilm activity --- olive --- Olea europaea --- anthocyanin --- cyanidin 3-glucoside --- cyanidin 3-rutinoside --- oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) --- high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). --- tea --- Camellia sinensis --- polyphenol --- catechin --- caffeine --- theaflavine --- insulin resistance --- diabetes --- olive oil --- phenols --- antidiabetic --- myrtle --- ultrasound-assisted extraction --- phenolic compounds --- liquid chromatography analysis --- mass spectrometry --- mulberry (Morus nigra --- Morus alba) --- simple sugars --- organic acids --- phenol compounds --- high performance liquid chromatography/diode array detector/mass spectrometry anthocyanins --- anti-inflammatory activity --- extraction --- central composite design --- optimization --- P. officinalis --- phytochemicals --- cytotoxicity --- α-amylase inhibition --- red-osier dogwood --- antioxidative effect --- H2O2 --- transepithelial resistance (TEER) --- Caco-2 cells --- Rubus idaeus L. --- HPLC-ESI-HR-qTOF-MS/MS --- antioxidant activities --- digestive enzymes inhibitors --- molecular docking analysis --- olive mill wastewater --- encapsulation --- maltodextrin --- whey protein --- gelatin --- spray drying --- diabetes mellitus --- Lamiaceae --- alpha-glucosidase --- alpha-amylase --- Salvia africana-lutea --- terpenoids --- cape floristic region --- n/a --- Alzheimer's disease --- Disaster Bay / Green Cape (NSW Far S Coast SJ55-08)

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“Antioxidant Activity of Polyphenolic Plant Extracts” is a collection of scientific articles regarding polyphenols, that is, substances occurring naturally in plants and exhibiting many beneficial effects on human health. Among polyphenols’ interesting biological properties, their antioxidant activity is considered the most important. This book brings together experts from different research fields on topics related to polyphenols, such as their isolation and purification, assessment of their antioxidant activity, prevention from oxidative stress-induced diseases and use as food additives. The polyphenols used in the present studies are derived from a great variety of plants, ranging from well-known species to rare ones that are only found in specific regions. Moreover, some of the studies provide evidence that polyphenols may be used for the prevention and treatment of common diseases such as diabetes mellitus, Alzheimers’ disease, cardiovascular and intestinal diseases. Importantly, in several of the studies “green extraction methods” for the isolation of polyphenols were developed using modern technologies, where few or no organic solvents were used, in order to minimize environmental and health impacts.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- green leafy vegetables --- effect of cooking --- polyphenols --- antioxidant activity --- Averrhoa bilimbi --- Oxalidaceae --- DPPH --- xanthine oxidase --- LC-QTOF-MS/MS --- molecular docking --- tentative bioactive constituents --- Dialium indum --- exocarp --- seed --- antioxidant --- phenolic acids --- amino acids --- GC-MS analysis --- AGN --- FIR --- phenolic --- flavonoid --- antioxidant capacity --- antimicrobial activity --- polyphenol compounds --- bixin --- rosemary extracts --- method validation --- HPLC --- food matrices --- fruit vinegar --- phenolics --- organic acid --- Ladastacho --- characterisation --- properties --- HPLC/ESI-MS --- HS-SPME/GC-MS --- beneficial use --- antimicrobial --- hydroxytyrosol --- rosemary --- pomegranate --- fish --- volatile compounds --- Rosa canina --- Rosa sempervivens --- Pyrocantha coccinea --- antioxidants --- endothelial cells --- glutathione --- almond skins --- bioavailability --- waste by-products --- flavonoids --- oxidative stress --- human --- reactive oxygen species --- proinflammatory cytokines --- Alzheimer's disease --- cornelian cherry --- anthocyanins --- gastrointestinal digestion --- Opuntia ficus-indica cladode --- antibiofilm activity --- olive --- Olea europaea --- anthocyanin --- cyanidin 3-glucoside --- cyanidin 3-rutinoside --- oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) --- high performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). --- tea --- Camellia sinensis --- polyphenol --- catechin --- caffeine --- theaflavine --- insulin resistance --- diabetes --- olive oil --- phenols --- antidiabetic --- myrtle --- ultrasound-assisted extraction --- phenolic compounds --- liquid chromatography analysis --- mass spectrometry --- mulberry (Morus nigra --- Morus alba) --- simple sugars --- organic acids --- phenol compounds --- high performance liquid chromatography/diode array detector/mass spectrometry anthocyanins --- anti-inflammatory activity --- extraction --- central composite design --- optimization --- P. officinalis --- phytochemicals --- cytotoxicity --- α-amylase inhibition --- red-osier dogwood --- antioxidative effect --- H2O2 --- transepithelial resistance (TEER) --- Caco-2 cells --- Rubus idaeus L. --- HPLC-ESI-HR-qTOF-MS/MS --- antioxidant activities --- digestive enzymes inhibitors --- molecular docking analysis --- olive mill wastewater --- encapsulation --- maltodextrin --- whey protein --- gelatin --- spray drying --- diabetes mellitus --- Lamiaceae --- alpha-glucosidase --- alpha-amylase --- Salvia africana-lutea --- terpenoids --- cape floristic region --- Disaster Bay / Green Cape (NSW Far S Coast SJ55-08)