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A compilation of 12 original research articles and a review on the development of instrumental and immunoanalytical methods for mycotoxins; on the enhancement of sample preparation and selection to improve method applicability; and on practical applications of analytical methods in laboratory fungal cultures, cereal and feed samples, surface water (as a novel matrix of mycotoxins as emerging surface water contaminants), and during mycotoxin decontamination by bacteria. Target analyte mycotoxins include aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, diacetoxyscirpenol, fumonisins, fusarenone-X, HT-2 toxins, nivalenol, ochratoxins, sterigmatocystin, T-2 toxin, and zearalenone.

Research & information: general --- aflatoxins --- laboratory culture --- extraction --- HPLC --- recovery --- detection limits --- frequency mixing technology --- immunofiltration --- magnetic beads --- mycotoxin --- type B trichothecenes --- modified mycotoxins --- isomer separation --- method validation --- ochratoxin A --- fluorescence --- G-quadruplex --- biosensor --- computation --- simulation --- mycotoxins --- feed --- modified QuEChERS --- LC-MS/MS --- zearalenone --- immunochromatographic assay --- semi-quantification --- quantification --- aflatoxin B1 --- sterigmatocystin --- lactobacilli --- mycotoxin binding --- detoxification --- lactic acid bacteria --- colorimetric detection --- rapid tests --- ELISA --- lateral flow assays --- microfluidics --- nano-materials --- food safety --- commercialization --- immunosensor --- optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy --- label-free detection --- planar waveguide sensor --- polarisation interferometer --- limit of detection --- competitive immunoassay --- fluorescence detection --- high-performance liquid chromatography --- total internal reflection ellipsometry --- aflatoxin --- chicken feed --- representative sampling --- improved aflatoxin test procedure --- validation --- n/a

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Viruses of the Parvoviridae family constitute a most diverse and intriguing field of research. Parvoviruses can differ widely in their structure, genome organization and expression, virus–cell interactions, and impact on hosts. The translational implication of research on parvoviruses is relevant, since many viruses are important human and veterinary pathogens, while other viruses can be engineered as tools for oncolytic therapy or as sophisticated gene delivery vectors. Exploring the diversity and inherent complexity in the biology of these apparently simple viruses is a still challenging topic for the scientific community. The Special Issue of Viruses is a collection of recent contributions in the field of parvovirus research, encompassing many aspects of basic and translational research on viruses of the family Parvoviridae, including on their structure, replication, and gene expression in addition to virus–host interactions and the development of vaccines and viral vectors.

Public health & preventive medicine --- feline parvovirus --- virus-like particles --- VP2 protein --- antibodies --- AAV --- neuro-degenerative disease --- gene therapy --- antigenicity --- sequencing --- virus --- canine parvovirus --- peri-urban --- wild dogs --- disease transmission --- Australia --- parvovirus B19 --- G-quadruplex --- bioinformatics --- antivirals --- BRACO-19 --- pyridostatin --- oncolytic viruses --- rodent protoparvovirus H-1PV --- virus entry --- clathrin-mediated endocytosis --- parvovirus --- minute virus of mice --- RNA processing --- gene expression --- canine --- COVID-19 --- veterinary epidemiology --- B19V --- VP1u --- receptor --- PLA2 --- erythroid cells --- biomarker --- drug delivery --- nanocarrier --- B19 parvovirus --- detection --- cell cycle --- permissivity --- serotype --- capsid --- cryo-EM --- genome packaging --- gene delivery --- bocavirus --- Caribbean region --- new CPV-2a --- outbreak --- endemic --- nearly complete genomes --- virus evolution --- parvoviruses --- nucleus --- imaging of viral interactions and dynamics --- analysis of protein–protein interactions --- analysis of virus–chromatin interactions --- AMDV --- Aleutian disease --- mink parvovirus --- Aleutian mink disease virus --- vaccine --- feline parvovirus --- virus-like particles --- VP2 protein --- antibodies --- AAV --- neuro-degenerative disease --- gene therapy --- antigenicity --- sequencing --- virus --- canine parvovirus --- peri-urban --- wild dogs --- disease transmission --- Australia --- parvovirus B19 --- G-quadruplex --- bioinformatics --- antivirals --- BRACO-19 --- pyridostatin --- oncolytic viruses --- rodent protoparvovirus H-1PV --- virus entry --- clathrin-mediated endocytosis --- parvovirus --- minute virus of mice --- RNA processing --- gene expression --- canine --- COVID-19 --- veterinary epidemiology --- B19V --- VP1u --- receptor --- PLA2 --- erythroid cells --- biomarker --- drug delivery --- nanocarrier --- B19 parvovirus --- detection --- cell cycle --- permissivity --- serotype --- capsid --- cryo-EM --- genome packaging --- gene delivery --- bocavirus --- Caribbean region --- new CPV-2a --- outbreak --- endemic --- nearly complete genomes --- virus evolution --- parvoviruses --- nucleus --- imaging of viral interactions and dynamics --- analysis of protein–protein interactions --- analysis of virus–chromatin interactions --- AMDV --- Aleutian disease --- mink parvovirus --- Aleutian mink disease virus --- vaccine

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A compilation of 12 original research articles and a review on the development of instrumental and immunoanalytical methods for mycotoxins; on the enhancement of sample preparation and selection to improve method applicability; and on practical applications of analytical methods in laboratory fungal cultures, cereal and feed samples, surface water (as a novel matrix of mycotoxins as emerging surface water contaminants), and during mycotoxin decontamination by bacteria. Target analyte mycotoxins include aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, diacetoxyscirpenol, fumonisins, fusarenone-X, HT-2 toxins, nivalenol, ochratoxins, sterigmatocystin, T-2 toxin, and zearalenone.

Research & information: general --- aflatoxins --- laboratory culture --- extraction --- HPLC --- recovery --- detection limits --- frequency mixing technology --- immunofiltration --- magnetic beads --- mycotoxin --- type B trichothecenes --- modified mycotoxins --- isomer separation --- method validation --- ochratoxin A --- fluorescence --- G-quadruplex --- biosensor --- computation --- simulation --- mycotoxins --- feed --- modified QuEChERS --- LC-MS/MS --- zearalenone --- immunochromatographic assay --- semi-quantification --- quantification --- aflatoxin B1 --- sterigmatocystin --- lactobacilli --- mycotoxin binding --- detoxification --- lactic acid bacteria --- colorimetric detection --- rapid tests --- ELISA --- lateral flow assays --- microfluidics --- nano-materials --- food safety --- commercialization --- immunosensor --- optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy --- label-free detection --- planar waveguide sensor --- polarisation interferometer --- limit of detection --- competitive immunoassay --- fluorescence detection --- high-performance liquid chromatography --- total internal reflection ellipsometry --- aflatoxin --- chicken feed --- representative sampling --- improved aflatoxin test procedure --- validation --- aflatoxins --- laboratory culture --- extraction --- HPLC --- recovery --- detection limits --- frequency mixing technology --- immunofiltration --- magnetic beads --- mycotoxin --- type B trichothecenes --- modified mycotoxins --- isomer separation --- method validation --- ochratoxin A --- fluorescence --- G-quadruplex --- biosensor --- computation --- simulation --- mycotoxins --- feed --- modified QuEChERS --- LC-MS/MS --- zearalenone --- immunochromatographic assay --- semi-quantification --- quantification --- aflatoxin B1 --- sterigmatocystin --- lactobacilli --- mycotoxin binding --- detoxification --- lactic acid bacteria --- colorimetric detection --- rapid tests --- ELISA --- lateral flow assays --- microfluidics --- nano-materials --- food safety --- commercialization --- immunosensor --- optical waveguide lightmode spectroscopy --- label-free detection --- planar waveguide sensor --- polarisation interferometer --- limit of detection --- competitive immunoassay --- fluorescence detection --- high-performance liquid chromatography --- total internal reflection ellipsometry --- aflatoxin --- chicken feed --- representative sampling --- improved aflatoxin test procedure --- validation

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This book focuses on how nanoscale systems can be used to deliver molecules to help with cancer management. It provides a broad overview of some of the key strategies for nanocarrier design. These strategies are brought together by the wide compositional variety of these systems and the diversity of molecules that may be carried. Additionally, functionalization strategies, codelivery, and combination with other treatment modalities highlight a very active research field.

Medicine --- Pharmacology --- nanostructured lipid carriers --- doxorubicin --- mucositis --- cell internalization --- albumin --- BSA --- CPP --- gold nanorods --- gold nanoprisms --- arginine-rich peptide --- glutathione --- nanoparticles --- oxidative stress --- breast cancer --- gastric cancer --- nanoparticle --- fucoidan --- d-alpha-tocopherylpoly (ethylene glycol) succinate --- combination chemotherapy --- G-quadruplex --- nucleolin --- DNA nanocages --- intracellular localization --- cancer targeting --- molecular dynamics simulations --- mesoporous silica nanoparticles --- radiotherapy --- immunotherapy --- tumor microenvironment --- abscopal effect --- magnetofection in vivo --- magnetic nanoparticles --- iron oxide --- gene delivery --- gene vectors --- codelivery nanocarriers --- photodynamic therapy --- anticancer therapies --- combination therapy --- phthalocyanine --- uterine cervical neoplasms --- photochemotherapy --- in vitro --- in vivo --- nanocarrier --- polyplexes --- siRNA delivery --- glioblastoma therapy --- amphiphilic poly(α)glutamate --- P-selectin --- prodrug --- drug delivery --- targeted therapy --- chemotherapy --- prostate cancer --- prostate-specific membrane antigen --- targeted delivery --- encapsulation --- cabazitaxel --- nanocarriers --- nanosystems --- radiosensitizer --- hypoxia --- synergism --- cancer --- photothermal therapy --- combined antitumor effect --- oxygenation --- hydrogel --- hypoxic tumor --- n/a

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The high importance of free radical chemistry for a variety of biological events, including ageing and inflammation, has attracted considerable interest in understanding the related mechanistic steps at the molecular level. Modelling the free radical chemical reactivity of biological systems is an important research area. When studying free-radical-based chemical mechanisms, biomimetic chemistry and the design of established biomimetic models come into play to perform experiments in a controlled environment, suitably designed to be a similar as possible to cellular conditions. This Special Issue provides readers with a wide overview of biomimetic radical chemistry, where molecular mechanisms have been defined and molecular libraries of products are developed to be used as traces for the discoveries of some relevant biological processes. Several subjects are presented, with five articles and five reviews written by specialists in the fields of DNA, proteins, lipids, biotechnological applications and bioinspired synthesis, with “free radicals” as the common denominator.

guanine --- guanyl radical --- tautomerism --- guanine radical cation --- oligonucleotides --- DNA --- G-quadruplex --- time-resolved spectroscopies --- reactive oxygen species (ROS) --- oxidation --- catalase mimics --- peroxide --- diiron-peroxo complexes --- structure/activity --- kinetic studies --- biomimetic chemistry --- cysteine --- ketone reduction --- free radicals --- pulse radiolysis --- kinetics --- DNA oxidation --- DNA hole transfer --- molecular dynamics --- quantum dynamics --- electron transfer --- charge transfer --- quantum coherence --- chemiluminescence --- reaction mechanisms --- singlet oxygen --- reactive oxygen species --- light emission --- crosslink --- dimerization --- protein oxidation --- radicals --- di-tyrosine --- di-tryptophan --- disulfides --- thiols --- aggregation --- proteomics --- mass spectrometry --- collagen --- riboflavin --- hyaluronic acid --- EPR spectroscopy --- keratoconus --- STEM --- DNA biosensor --- chemical nucleases --- DNA-drug interaction --- copper complexes --- metallodrugs --- MEP pathway --- antibiotics --- IspH --- LytB --- [4Fe-4S] cluster --- reductive dehydroxylation --- bioorganometallic intermediate --- inhibitors --- methionine --- neighboring group effect --- hydroxyl radical --- triplet state of carboxybenzophenone --- one-electron oxidants --- laser flash photolysis --- peptides --- proteins --- n/a