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Modern engineering approaches focus on the design and operation of systems and products in a way that allows for the sustainable use of resources. Sustainable engineering aims to provide frameworks that ensure development without compromising the quality of the natural environment and the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. In this context, decision making processes must be enriched by approaches and tools that allow decision makers to consider a wide range of sustainable options. Recently, great progress has been taking place in the fields of operation research and management science, where intelligent quantitative analysis, statistics, and prediction analytics are employed in a variety of interdisciplinary research areas, aiming to assist policy makers and managers with the consideration of a variety of sustainable options. This Special Issue consists of a 17-paper collection with published approaches and models that are designed to give answers for environmental impact and sustainability assessment, risk and knowledge management assessment, lifecycle assessment and energy management. Five papers are dedicated to advances in different literature review topics. The remaining papers deal with a variety of engineering approaches to address decision making which involves: mulricriteria decision analysis, ecological footprint and biocapacity estimations, fuzzy prediction models, advanced statistical analysis, simulation, systems dynamics model, task ontology and integration definition function modeling.

History of engineering & technology --- higher education institutions --- sustainability assessment --- benchmarking --- energy flow --- carbon flow --- sustainable development --- problem-solving --- incident command system --- task ontology --- knowledge management --- sustainable healthcare supply chain --- performance measurement --- performance of perspectives and indicators --- sustainability aspects --- intangible characteristics --- lifecycle assessment --- recurrent embodied carbon --- system dynamics --- buildings --- CO2 emissions --- construction phase --- stochastic analysis --- Monte Carlo simulation --- implications --- fuzzy estimators --- lake eutrophication --- prediction model --- corporate sustainability --- business strategy --- decision-making --- decision support systems --- road network --- sustainability --- analytic hierarchical process --- crude-oil --- sour gas --- hydrogen sulfide --- crude stabilization --- hazard identification --- HAZOP study --- risk analysis --- operability study --- process safety --- risk-matrix --- DMRA --- multi-criteria decision-making --- Analytical-Hierarchy-Process --- Typical-AHP --- Fuzzy-AHP --- index --- sustainable mining --- threshold values --- sustainability indicators --- environmental sustainability --- environmental assessment --- anthropogenic spatial entities --- knowledge creation --- healthcare organizations --- hospital --- organizational learning --- sustainable knowledge management --- strategy --- validation --- questionnaire --- quality of care --- renewable energy sources --- energy policy --- SWOT analysis --- multi-criteria analysis --- AHP --- fuzzy TOPSIS --- Morocco --- Egypt --- strategic environmental assessment --- strategic environmental impact assessment --- methods --- techniques --- Greece --- MCDM --- fuzzy AHP --- PRAT --- FTA --- time-series --- risk assessment --- OSH --- telecom technical projects --- constructions --- carrying capacity --- regional sustainability assessment --- ecological footprint --- national park --- risk management --- performance assessment --- performance management --- performance evaluation --- earned value analysis --- construction projects --- fuzzy numbers --- higher education institutions --- sustainability assessment --- benchmarking --- energy flow --- carbon flow --- sustainable development --- problem-solving --- incident command system --- task ontology --- knowledge management --- sustainable healthcare supply chain --- performance measurement --- performance of perspectives and indicators --- sustainability aspects --- intangible characteristics --- lifecycle assessment --- recurrent embodied carbon --- system dynamics --- buildings --- CO2 emissions --- construction phase --- stochastic analysis --- Monte Carlo simulation --- implications --- fuzzy estimators --- lake eutrophication --- prediction model --- corporate sustainability --- business strategy --- decision-making --- decision support systems --- road network --- sustainability --- analytic hierarchical process --- crude-oil --- sour gas --- hydrogen sulfide --- crude stabilization --- hazard identification --- HAZOP study --- risk analysis --- operability study --- process safety --- risk-matrix --- DMRA --- multi-criteria decision-making --- Analytical-Hierarchy-Process --- Typical-AHP --- Fuzzy-AHP --- index --- sustainable mining --- threshold values --- sustainability indicators --- environmental sustainability --- environmental assessment --- anthropogenic spatial entities --- knowledge creation --- healthcare organizations --- hospital --- organizational learning --- sustainable knowledge management --- strategy --- validation --- questionnaire --- quality of care --- renewable energy sources --- energy policy --- SWOT analysis --- multi-criteria analysis --- AHP --- fuzzy TOPSIS --- Morocco --- Egypt --- strategic environmental assessment --- strategic environmental impact assessment --- methods --- techniques --- Greece --- MCDM --- fuzzy AHP --- PRAT --- FTA --- time-series --- risk assessment --- OSH --- telecom technical projects --- constructions --- carrying capacity --- regional sustainability assessment --- ecological footprint --- national park --- risk management --- performance assessment --- performance management --- performance evaluation --- earned value analysis --- construction projects --- fuzzy numbers

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Modern engineering approaches focus on the design and operation of systems and products in a way that allows for the sustainable use of resources. Sustainable engineering aims to provide frameworks that ensure development without compromising the quality of the natural environment and the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. In this context, decision making processes must be enriched by approaches and tools that allow decision makers to consider a wide range of sustainable options. Recently, great progress has been taking place in the fields of operation research and management science, where intelligent quantitative analysis, statistics, and prediction analytics are employed in a variety of interdisciplinary research areas, aiming to assist policy makers and managers with the consideration of a variety of sustainable options. This Special Issue consists of a 17-paper collection with published approaches and models that are designed to give answers for environmental impact and sustainability assessment, risk and knowledge management assessment, lifecycle assessment and energy management. Five papers are dedicated to advances in different literature review topics. The remaining papers deal with a variety of engineering approaches to address decision making which involves: mulricriteria decision analysis, ecological footprint and biocapacity estimations, fuzzy prediction models, advanced statistical analysis, simulation, systems dynamics model, task ontology and integration definition function modeling.

higher education institutions --- sustainability assessment --- benchmarking --- energy flow --- carbon flow --- sustainable development --- problem-solving --- incident command system --- task ontology --- knowledge management --- sustainable healthcare supply chain --- performance measurement --- performance of perspectives and indicators --- sustainability aspects --- intangible characteristics --- lifecycle assessment --- recurrent embodied carbon --- system dynamics --- buildings --- CO2 emissions --- construction phase --- stochastic analysis --- Monte Carlo simulation --- implications --- fuzzy estimators --- lake eutrophication --- prediction model --- corporate sustainability --- business strategy --- decision-making --- decision support systems --- road network --- sustainability --- analytic hierarchical process --- crude-oil --- sour gas --- hydrogen sulfide --- crude stabilization --- hazard identification --- HAZOP study --- risk analysis --- operability study --- process safety --- risk-matrix --- DMRA --- multi-criteria decision-making --- Analytical-Hierarchy-Process --- Typical-AHP --- Fuzzy-AHP --- index --- sustainable mining --- threshold values --- sustainability indicators --- environmental sustainability --- environmental assessment --- anthropogenic spatial entities --- knowledge creation --- healthcare organizations --- hospital --- organizational learning --- sustainable knowledge management --- strategy --- validation --- questionnaire --- quality of care --- renewable energy sources --- energy policy --- SWOT analysis --- multi-criteria analysis --- AHP --- fuzzy TOPSIS --- Morocco --- Egypt --- strategic environmental assessment --- strategic environmental impact assessment --- methods --- techniques --- Greece --- MCDM --- fuzzy AHP --- PRAT --- FTA --- time-series --- risk assessment --- OSH --- telecom technical projects --- constructions --- carrying capacity --- regional sustainability assessment --- ecological footprint --- national park --- risk management --- performance assessment --- performance management --- performance evaluation --- earned value analysis --- construction projects --- fuzzy numbers

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This Special Issue introduces recent research results on MEMS packaging and 3D integration whose subjects can be divided as follow; three papers on biocompatible implantable packaging, three papers on interconnect, three papers on bonding technologies, one paper on vacuum packaging, and three papers on modeling and simulation.

Research & information: general --- Biology, life sciences --- heterogeneous integration --- wafer bonding --- wafer sealing --- room-temperature bonding --- Au-Au bonding --- surface activated bonding --- Au film thickness --- surface roughness --- microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) packaging --- inkjet printing --- redistribution layers --- capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers (CMUT) --- fan-out wafer-level packaging (FOWLP) --- adhesion --- thin film metal --- parylene --- neural probe --- scotch tape test --- FEM --- MEMS resonator --- temperature coefficient --- thermal stress --- millimeter-wave --- redundant TSV --- equivalent circuit model --- S-parameters extraction --- technology evaluation --- MEMS and IC integration --- MCDM --- fuzzy AHP --- fuzzy VIKOR --- fan-out wafer-level package --- finite element --- glass substrate --- reliability life --- packaging-on-packaging --- thermal sensors --- TMOS sensor --- finite difference time domain --- optical and electromagnetics simulations --- finite element analysis --- ultrasonic bonding --- metal direct bonding --- microsystem integration --- biocompatible packaging --- implantable --- reliability --- Finite element method (FEM) --- simulation --- multilayer reactive bonding --- integrated nanostructure-multilayer reactive system --- spontaneous self-ignition --- self-propagating exothermic reaction --- Pd/Al reactive multilayer system --- Ni/Al reactive multilayer system --- low-temperature MEMS packaging --- crack propagation --- microbump --- deflection angle --- stress intensity factor (SIF) --- polymer packaging --- neural interface --- chronic implantation --- heterogeneous integration --- wafer bonding --- wafer sealing --- room-temperature bonding --- Au-Au bonding --- surface activated bonding --- Au film thickness --- surface roughness --- microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) packaging --- inkjet printing --- redistribution layers --- capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers (CMUT) --- fan-out wafer-level packaging (FOWLP) --- adhesion --- thin film metal --- parylene --- neural probe --- scotch tape test --- FEM --- MEMS resonator --- temperature coefficient --- thermal stress --- millimeter-wave --- redundant TSV --- equivalent circuit model --- S-parameters extraction --- technology evaluation --- MEMS and IC integration --- MCDM --- fuzzy AHP --- fuzzy VIKOR --- fan-out wafer-level package --- finite element --- glass substrate --- reliability life --- packaging-on-packaging --- thermal sensors --- TMOS sensor --- finite difference time domain --- optical and electromagnetics simulations --- finite element analysis --- ultrasonic bonding --- metal direct bonding --- microsystem integration --- biocompatible packaging --- implantable --- reliability --- Finite element method (FEM) --- simulation --- multilayer reactive bonding --- integrated nanostructure-multilayer reactive system --- spontaneous self-ignition --- self-propagating exothermic reaction --- Pd/Al reactive multilayer system --- Ni/Al reactive multilayer system --- low-temperature MEMS packaging --- crack propagation --- microbump --- deflection angle --- stress intensity factor (SIF) --- polymer packaging --- neural interface --- chronic implantation

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This Special Issue introduces recent research results on MEMS packaging and 3D integration whose subjects can be divided as follow; three papers on biocompatible implantable packaging, three papers on interconnect, three papers on bonding technologies, one paper on vacuum packaging, and three papers on modeling and simulation.

heterogeneous integration --- wafer bonding --- wafer sealing --- room-temperature bonding --- Au-Au bonding --- surface activated bonding --- Au film thickness --- surface roughness --- microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) packaging --- inkjet printing --- redistribution layers --- capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers (CMUT) --- fan-out wafer-level packaging (FOWLP) --- adhesion --- thin film metal --- parylene --- neural probe --- scotch tape test --- FEM --- MEMS resonator --- temperature coefficient --- thermal stress --- millimeter-wave --- redundant TSV --- equivalent circuit model --- S-parameters extraction --- technology evaluation --- MEMS and IC integration --- MCDM --- fuzzy AHP --- fuzzy VIKOR --- fan-out wafer-level package --- finite element --- glass substrate --- reliability life --- packaging-on-packaging --- thermal sensors --- TMOS sensor --- finite difference time domain --- optical and electromagnetics simulations --- finite element analysis --- ultrasonic bonding --- metal direct bonding --- microsystem integration --- biocompatible packaging --- implantable --- reliability --- Finite element method (FEM) --- simulation --- multilayer reactive bonding --- integrated nanostructure-multilayer reactive system --- spontaneous self-ignition --- self-propagating exothermic reaction --- Pd/Al reactive multilayer system --- Ni/Al reactive multilayer system --- low-temperature MEMS packaging --- crack propagation --- microbump --- deflection angle --- stress intensity factor (SIF) --- polymer packaging --- neural interface --- chronic implantation --- n/a

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The present book contains the 24 total articles accepted and published in the Special Issue “Fuzzy Sets, Fuzzy Logic and Their Applications, 2020” of the MDPI Mathematics journal, which covers a wide range of topics connected to the theory and applications of fuzzy sets and systems of fuzzy logic and their extensions/generalizations. These topics include, among others, elements from fuzzy graphs; fuzzy numbers; fuzzy equations; fuzzy linear spaces; intuitionistic fuzzy sets; soft sets; type-2 fuzzy sets, bipolar fuzzy sets, plithogenic sets, fuzzy decision making, fuzzy governance, fuzzy models in mathematics of finance, a philosophical treatise on the connection of the scientific reasoning with fuzzy logic, etc. It is hoped that the book will be interesting and useful for those working in the area of fuzzy sets, fuzzy systems and fuzzy logic, as well as for those with the proper mathematical background and willing to become familiar with recent advances in fuzzy mathematics, which has become prevalent in almost all sectors of the human life and activity.

Research & information: general --- Mathematics & science --- bipolar gradation of openness --- bipolar gradation of closedness --- bipolar fuzzy topology --- bipolar gradation preserving map --- fuzzy collaborative forecasting --- dynamic random access memory --- partial consensus --- fuzzy intersection --- fuzzy linear system --- fuzzy number --- fuzzy number vector --- embedding method --- inductive and deductive reasoning --- fuzzy logic (FL) --- scientific method --- probability and statistics --- Bayesian probabilities --- fuzzy implication --- ordering property --- least fuzzy negation --- t-conditionality --- neutrosophic set --- plithogenic set --- fuzzy set --- entropy --- similarity measure --- information measure --- Hyers-Ulam stability --- pexider type functional equation --- intuitionistic fuzzy normed spaces --- alternative fixed point theorem --- interval-valued fuzzy competition graph --- interval-valued fuzzy p competition graph --- interval-valued fuzzy neighbourhood graph --- interval-valued m-step fuzzy competition graph --- homomorphism of graph products --- max-min algebra --- fuzzy max-T algebra --- Łukasiewicz triangular norm --- max-Łukasiewicz algebra --- parametric solvability --- soft set --- fuzzy soft set --- multi-fuzzy set --- multi-fuzzy soft set --- ℒℳℱ?? --- similarity measure of ℒℳℱ?? --- site selection --- shopping mall site selection --- linguistic terms for fuzzy variable --- fuzzy AHP --- fuzzy TOPSIS --- octahedron set --- i-octahedron subgroupoid --- i-octahedron ideal --- i-sup-property, i-octahedron subgroup --- i-octahedron subring --- interval matrix --- interval eigenvector --- strong interval eigenvector --- fuzzy nonlinear systems --- fuzzy arithmetic --- fuzzy calculus --- multidimensional fuzzy arithmetic --- RDM fuzzy arithmetic --- fuzzy parametric form --- fuzzy measures --- monotone measures --- product spaces --- Schauder fixed point theorem --- fuzzy normed linear space --- t-norm --- measure of non-compactness --- fuzzy logic connectives --- law of importation --- α-migrativity --- distance measure --- fuzzy differential equations --- fuzzy difference equations --- mixed continuous-discrete model --- strongly generalized Hukuhara differentiability --- time value of money --- GEFS --- SEFS --- fuzzy relations: fuzzy sets --- max–min composition --- min–max composition --- monotone statistical parameters --- fuzzy statistics --- FAHP --- FTOPSIS --- FCOPRAS --- hexagonal fuzzy number --- governance --- fuzzy logic --- management system --- type-2 fuzzy set --- fuzzification --- type-reduction --- defuzzification --- B-spline surface model function --- bipolar gradation of openness --- bipolar gradation of closedness --- bipolar fuzzy topology --- bipolar gradation preserving map --- fuzzy collaborative forecasting --- dynamic random access memory --- partial consensus --- fuzzy intersection --- fuzzy linear system --- fuzzy number --- fuzzy number vector --- embedding method --- inductive and deductive reasoning --- fuzzy logic (FL) --- scientific method --- probability and statistics --- Bayesian probabilities --- fuzzy implication --- ordering property --- least fuzzy negation --- t-conditionality --- neutrosophic set --- plithogenic set --- fuzzy set --- entropy --- similarity measure --- information measure --- Hyers-Ulam stability --- pexider type functional equation --- intuitionistic fuzzy normed spaces --- alternative fixed point theorem --- interval-valued fuzzy competition graph --- interval-valued fuzzy p competition graph --- interval-valued fuzzy neighbourhood graph --- interval-valued m-step fuzzy competition graph --- homomorphism of graph products --- max-min algebra --- fuzzy max-T algebra --- Łukasiewicz triangular norm --- max-Łukasiewicz algebra --- parametric solvability --- soft set --- fuzzy soft set --- multi-fuzzy set --- multi-fuzzy soft set --- ℒℳℱ?? --- similarity measure of ℒℳℱ?? --- site selection --- shopping mall site selection --- linguistic terms for fuzzy variable --- fuzzy AHP --- fuzzy TOPSIS --- octahedron set --- i-octahedron subgroupoid --- i-octahedron ideal --- i-sup-property, i-octahedron subgroup --- i-octahedron subring --- interval matrix --- interval eigenvector --- strong interval eigenvector --- fuzzy nonlinear systems --- fuzzy arithmetic --- fuzzy calculus --- multidimensional fuzzy arithmetic --- RDM fuzzy arithmetic --- fuzzy parametric form --- fuzzy measures --- monotone measures --- product spaces --- Schauder fixed point theorem --- fuzzy normed linear space --- t-norm --- measure of non-compactness --- fuzzy logic connectives --- law of importation --- α-migrativity --- distance measure --- fuzzy differential equations --- fuzzy difference equations --- mixed continuous-discrete model --- strongly generalized Hukuhara differentiability --- time value of money --- GEFS --- SEFS --- fuzzy relations: fuzzy sets --- max–min composition --- min–max composition --- monotone statistical parameters --- fuzzy statistics --- FAHP --- FTOPSIS --- FCOPRAS --- hexagonal fuzzy number --- governance --- fuzzy logic --- management system --- type-2 fuzzy set --- fuzzification --- type-reduction --- defuzzification --- B-spline surface model function