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Solar energy --- Fresnel lenses --- Research --- Evaluation

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Antennas represent a critical technology in any of these wireless systems. Not only do they directly affect the received power of the system, they are also typically the largest and most visible part. Recently, the need for low-cost, low-profile, and lightweight antenna in the frequency range of the microwave/millimeter wave/THz band has regained momentum. "Basic Principles of Fresnel Antenna Arrays" provides us a with the basics of the various Fresnel Antenna approaches, in order to achieve low-cost, low-profile, and lightweight antenna in the microwave/millimeter wave band. A potential solution of the antenna problem lies in using lens technology in an array. The Fresnel zone plate lens (FZPL) antenna is in particular an interesting candidate for the array element. The limiting focusing properties of FZPL including subwave length focus are described in detail. The book further presents a novel hexagonal FZPL antenna which can be more effectively packed in an array due to its shape. Before considering the hexagonal FZPL antenna in an array, the authors investigate two ideas, described as methods to potentially improve the radiation characteristics. The first idea is to change the reference phase of the Fresnel zone radii - a novel free parameter in the usual design of zone plate’s lenses and antennas. To further improve the radiation characteristics of the hexagonal FZPL antenna, a technique involving Fresnel zone rotation is investigated. The book is of interest for designers of optical systems because taking scaling effects into account, the characteristics of diffractive quasioptical elements are valid for diffractive focusing elements of integrated optics.

Lens antennas. --- Fresnel lenses. --- Antenna arrays. --- Arrays, Antenna --- Antennas (Electronics) --- Large space structures (Astronautics) --- Lenses --- Computer engineering. --- Microwaves. --- Electrical Engineering. --- Microwaves, RF and Optical Engineering. --- Optics, Lasers, Photonics, Optical Devices. --- Hertzian waves --- Electric waves --- Electromagnetic waves --- Geomagnetic micropulsations --- Radio waves --- Shortwave radio --- Computers --- Design and construction --- Electrical engineering. --- Optical engineering. --- Lasers. --- Photonics. --- New optics --- Optics --- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation --- Masers, Optical --- Optical masers --- Light amplifiers --- Light sources --- Optoelectronic devices --- Nonlinear optics --- Optical parametric oscillators --- Mechanical engineering --- Electric engineering --- Engineering

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Connected and automated vehicles have revolutionized the way we move, granting new services on roads. This Special Issue collects contributions that address reliable and ultra-low-latency vehicular applications that range from advancements at the access layer, such as using the visible light spectrum to accommodate ultra-low-latency applications, to data dissemination solutions. Further, articles discuss edge computing, neural network-based techniques, and the use of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS) to boost throughput and enhance coverage.

History of engineering & technology --- vehicular networks --- 5G --- C-RAN --- resource allocation --- edge computing --- optimization --- vehicle-to-everything communication --- pedestrian --- vehicles --- safety --- automotive --- damper --- convolutional neural networks --- fault detection --- diagnosis --- machine learning --- deep learning --- connected vehicles --- reconfigurable meta-surface --- smart environment --- cooperative driving --- vulnerable road user detection --- collision probability --- probabilistic flooding --- vehicular communication --- visible light communications --- 5G networks --- smart vehicles --- field trials --- infrastructure-to-vehicle --- vehicle-to-vehicle --- Intelligent Transportation Systems --- Visible Light Communication --- Fresnel lenses --- AODV --- end-to-end delay --- packet loss ratio --- throughput --- VANET --- n/a

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The continuous miniaturization of products and the growing complexity of their embedded multifunctionalities necessitates continuous research and development efforts regarding micro components and related micro manufacturing technologies. Highly miniaturized systems, manufactured using a wide variety of materials, have found application in key technological fields, such as healthcare devices, micro implants, mobility, communications, optics, and micro electromechanical systems. Innovations required for the high-precision manufacturing of micro components can specifically be achieved through optimizations using post-process (i.e., offline) and in-process (i.e., online) metrology of both process input and output parameters, as well as geometrical features of the produced micro parts. However, it is of critical importance to reduce the metrology and optimization efforts, since process and product quality control can represent a significant portion of the total production time in micro manufacturing. To solve this fundamental challenge, research efforts have been undertaken in order to define, investigate, implement, and validate the so-called “product/process manufacturing fingerprint” concept. The “product manufacturing fingerprint” concept refers to those unique dimensional outcomes (e.g., surface topography, form error, critical dimensions, etc.) on the produced component that, if kept under control and within specifications, ensure that the entire micro component complies to its specifications. The “process manufacturing fingerprint” is a specific process parameter or feature to be monitored and controlled, in order to maintain the manufacture of products within the specified tolerances. By integrating both product and process manufacturing fingerprint concepts, the metrology and optimization efforts are highly reduced. Therefore, the quality of the micro products increases, with an obvious improvement in production yield. Accordingly, this Special Issue seeks to showcase research papers, short communications, and review articles that focus on novel methodological developments and applications in micro- and sub-micro-scale manufacturing, process monitoring and control, as well as micro and sub-micro product quality assurance. Focus will be on micro manufacturing process chains and their micro product/process fingerprint, towards full process optimization and zero-defect micro manufacturing.

n/a --- Fresnel lenses --- Electro sinter forging --- micro-injection moulding --- surface roughness --- charge relaxation time --- optimization --- gratings --- plasma-electrolytic polishing --- micro structures replication --- micro-grinding --- electrical discharge machining --- injection molding --- quality control --- commercial control hardware --- electrical current --- damping --- process monitoring --- fingerprints --- impact analysis --- current monitoring --- process control --- quality assurance --- surface integrity --- microfabrication --- microinjection moulding --- electro chemical machining --- superhydrophobic surface --- surface modification --- haptic actuator --- electrical discharge machining (EDM) --- surface morphology --- inline metrology --- optical quality control --- finishing --- flow length --- precision injection molding --- laser ablation --- micro metrology --- Halbach linear motor --- 2-step analysis --- computer holography --- PeP --- satellite drop --- process fingerprint --- materials characterisation --- current density --- micro drilling --- multi-spectral imaging --- lithography --- manufacturing signature --- artificial compound eye --- electrohydrodynamic jet printing --- ECM --- positioning platform --- diffractive optics --- bioceramics --- resistance sintering --- uncertainty budget --- product fingerprint --- confocal microscopy --- spectral splitting --- dental implant --- desirability function --- injection compression molding --- electrochemical machining (ECM) --- high strain rate effect --- process fingerprints