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Kim Pelis uses a wide range of French and Tunisian archival materials and a close reading of Nobel Prize-winning bacteriologist Charles Nicolle's scientific papers and philosophical treatises to explore the relationship of scienceand medicine to society and culture in the first third of the twentieth century. This book examines the biomedical research of Nobel Prize-winning bacteriologist Charles Nicolle during his tenure as director of the Pasteur Institute of Tunis. Using typhus as its lens, it demonstrates how the complexities of early twentieth century bacteriology, French imperial ideology, the "Pastorian mission," and conditions in colonial Tunisia blended to inform the triumphs and disappointments of Nicolle's fascinating career. It illuminates how thesediverse elements shaped Nicolle's personal identity, the identity of his institute, and his innovative conception of the "birth, life, and death" -- or, the emergence and eradication -- of infectious disease. Kim Pelis blends exhaustive archival research with a close reading of Nicolle's written work -- scientific papers, philosophical treatises, and literary contributions -- to explore the complex relations between biomedical ideas and socioculturalcontext. The result is a study that will be of interest not only to students of French history, colonial medicine, and the history of the biomedical sciences but also to anyone seeking to understand how individuals have attemptedto deal creatively with complex times and ambiguous knowledge. Kim Pelis, a medical historian by training, is a writer for the director of the National Institutes of Health.

Bacteriologists --- Typhus fever --- Biography. --- History. --- Nicolle, Charles, --- Institut Pasteur de Tunis --- Bacteriologist. --- Bacteriology. --- Biomedical Research. --- Biomedical research. --- Biomedical sciences. --- Charles Nicolle. --- Colonial Tunisia. --- Colonial medicine. --- Early 20th Century. --- French Imperialism. --- French history. --- French imperialism. --- Imperial ideology. --- Infectious disease. --- Nobel Prize. --- Pasteur Institute of Tunis. --- Tunisia. --- Typhus.

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Alone among Muslim countries, Morocco is known for its own national form of Islam, "Moroccan Islam." However, this pathbreaking study reveals that Moroccan Islam was actually invented in the early twentieth century by French ethnographers and colonial officers who were influenced by British colonial practices in India. Between 1900 and 1920, these researchers compiled a social inventory of Morocco that in turn led to the emergence of a new object of study, Moroccan Islam, and a new field, Moroccan studies. In the process, they resurrected the monarchy and reinvented Morocco as a modern polity. This is an important contribution for scholars and readers interested in questions of orientalism and empire, colonialism and modernity, and the invention of traditions.

Islam and state --- Islam --- French --- Frenchmen (French people) --- Ethnology --- Mosque and state --- State and Islam --- State, The --- Ummah (Islam) --- History --- Intellectual life. --- Morocco --- France --- Religious life and customs. --- Colonies --- Religion. --- Empire chérifien --- Maroc --- Marokko --- Maroko --- Mamlakah al-Maghribīyah --- Marruecos --- Kingdom of Morocco --- Kingdom of Morrocco --- Morrocco --- Marrocos --- Marrakesh (Kingdom) --- Royaume du Maroc --- Marruecos Francés --- Mamlaka al-Maghrebia --- Pʻŭrangsŭ --- Frankrig --- Francja --- Frant︠s︡ii︠a︡ --- Prantsusmaa --- Francia (Republic) --- Tsarfat --- Tsorfat --- Franḳraykh --- Frankreich --- Fa-kuo --- Faguo --- Франция --- French Republic --- République française --- Peurancih --- Frankryk --- Franse Republiek --- Francland --- Frencisc Cynewīse --- فرنسا --- Faransā --- Franza --- Republica Franzesa --- Gallia (Republic) --- Hyãsia --- Phransiya --- Fransa --- Fransa Respublikası --- Franse --- Францыя --- Frantsyi︠a︡ --- Французская Рэспубліка --- Frantsuzskai︠a︡ Rėspublika --- Parancis --- Pransya --- Franis --- Francuska --- Republika Francuska --- Bro-C'hall --- Френска република --- Frenska republika --- França --- República Francesa --- Pransiya --- Republikang Pranses --- Γαλλία --- Gallia --- Γαλλική Δημοκρατία --- Gallikē Dēmokratia --- فرانسه --- Farānsah --- צרפת --- רפובליקה הצרפתית --- Republiḳah ha-Tsarfatit --- פראנקרייך --- 法国 --- 法蘭西共和國 --- Falanxi Gongheguo --- フランス --- Furansu --- フランス共和国 --- Furansu Kyōwakoku --- Francija --- Ranska --- Frankrike --- France (Provisional government, 1944-1946) --- モロッコ --- Morokko --- モロッコ王国 --- Morokko Ōkoku --- Марокко --- Marocko --- Maghrib --- Morocco (Spanish zone) --- 프랑스 --- Falanxi --- Fa-lan-hsi --- 法蘭西 --- Frankrijk --- Frant︠s︡ --- Франц --- Frant︠s︡ Uls --- Франц Улс --- Islam. --- Ethnologie. --- Franzosen. --- Kolonie. --- Volksreligion. --- Religiöst liv. --- French colonies. --- Islam and state. --- Intellectual life --- 1900-1999. --- Marokko. --- North Africa. --- Morocco. --- Religion --- Historia. --- african history. --- british colonialism. --- british imperialism. --- colonial officers. --- colonial policies. --- colonialism. --- early 20th century history. --- empire. --- european colonialism. --- french colonialism. --- french ethnographers. --- french imperialism. --- india. --- invention of traditions. --- islam. --- mission scientifique du maroc. --- modern polity. --- modernity. --- monarchy. --- moroccan islam. --- moroccan studies. --- morocco. --- muslim countries. --- muslim. --- national form of islam. --- north african history. --- orientalism. --- political. --- religion. --- religious studies. --- state formation.