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Gary Paul Nabhan takes the reader on a vivid and far-ranging journey across time and space in this fascinating look at the relationship between the spice trade and culinary imperialism. Drawing on his own family's history as spice traders, as well as travel narratives, historical accounts, and his expertise as an ethnobotanist, Nabhan describes the critical roles that Semitic peoples and desert floras had in setting the stage for globalized spice trade. Traveling along four prominent trade routes-the Silk Road, the Frankincense Trail, the Spice Route, and the Camino Real (for chiles and chocolate)-Nabhan follows the caravans of itinerant spice merchants from the frankincense-gathering grounds and ancient harbors of the Arabian Peninsula to the port of Zayton on the China Sea to Santa Fe in the southwest United States. His stories, recipes, and linguistic analyses of cultural diffusion routes reveal the extent to which aromatics such as cumin, cinnamon, saffron, and peppers became adopted worldwide as signature ingredients of diverse cuisines. Cumin, Camels, and Caravans demonstrates that two particular desert cultures often depicted in constant conflict-Arabs and Jews-have spent much of their history collaborating in the spice trade and suggests how a more virtuous multicultural globalized society may be achieved in the future.  

Spice trade. --- Spice trade --- Spice industry --- Plant products industry --- History. --- History --- E-books --- adventure. --- adventures. --- arabian peninsula. --- central asia. --- condiment cooking. --- cooking. --- culinary imperialism. --- culinary. --- cultural diffusion. --- diverse cuisines. --- engaging. --- food and drink. --- food prep. --- food writing. --- food. --- gastronomy essays. --- geopolitics. --- global trade. --- globalized spice trade. --- herbs. --- history of food. --- history. --- horticulture. --- itinerant spice merchants. --- middle east. --- remote places. --- semitic peoples. --- spice traders. --- spices. --- the camino real. --- the frankincense trail. --- the silk road. --- the spice route. --- trade routes. --- trade. --- travel. --- villages.

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In this classic work George Hourani deals with the history of the sea trade of the Arabs in the Indian Ocean from its obscure origins many centuries before Christ to the time of its full extension to China and East Africa in the ninth and tenth centuries. The book comprises a brief but masterly historical account that has never been superseded. The author gives attention not only to geography, meteorology, and the details of travel, but also to the ships themselves, including a discussion of the origin of stitched planking and of the lateen fore-and-aft sails. Piracy in the Indian Ocean, day-to-day life at sea, the establishment of ancient lighthouses and the production of early maritime guides, handbooks, and port directories are all described in fascinating detail. Arab Seafaring will appeal to anyone interested in Arab life or the history of navigation. For this expanded edition, John Carswell has added a new introduction, a bibliography, and notes that add material from recent archaeological research.

Commerce --- Routes commerciales --- Navigation --- Histoire --- Histoire. --- Indien, Ocean --- Navigation, Primitive --- Locomotion --- Orientation --- Nautical astronomy --- Naval art and science --- Pilots and pilotage --- Trade --- Economics --- Business --- Transportation --- Traffic (Commerce) --- Merchants --- Aela. --- Arrian. --- Begram. --- Bombay. --- Calicut. --- Chaldaea. --- China. --- Coromandel. --- Damascus. --- Dilmun. --- Egypt. --- Euphrates River. --- Frankincense. --- Gujarat. --- Hellenistic. --- Hurmuz. --- India. --- Indonesia. --- Java. --- Kalah Bār. --- Koran. --- Kārūn River. --- Laccadive Islands. --- Lamu. --- Leuce Come. --- Madagascar. --- Malabar. --- Maldive Islands. --- Mozambique. --- Nerbudda River. --- Ocelis. --- Parthia. --- Persian Gulf. --- Pliny the Elder. --- Ptolemy Claudius. --- Red Sea. --- Sassanid. --- Seleucid. --- Strabo. --- Tigris River. --- Vasco da Gama.

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Essential oils extracted by the distillation or hydrodistillation of aromatic plants are a complex mixture of volatile compounds with several biological activities. Their efficacy as antimicrobial agents is related to the activity of several natural compounds belonging to different chemical families that can act both in synergy with each other and with other antibiotics. The antibiotic resistance detected among pathogens has been quickly increasing in recent years, and the control of some of these microorganisms is becoming a planetary emergency for human and animal health. The control of the microbial growth is a problem of great importance also for the food industry (food deterioration and shelf life extension) and for the world of cultural heritage (indoor and outdoor phenomena of biodeterioration). Essential oils can play an important role in this scenario, due their recognized broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Therefore, the main subject of this Special Issue includes an essential oil-based approach to control microrganisms in areas such as human and veterinary medicine, entomology, food industry and agriculture. In addition, the chemical composition of essential oils from endemic and rare medicinal/aromatic plants, nanoformulations of essential oils, applications in human and veterinary medicine and its use as animal feeding supplements are topics covered in this Special Issue

Technology: general issues --- extracellular polymeric substance matrix --- cellulose synthesis --- enzyme inhibition --- essential oils --- Boswellia sacra --- frankincense essential oil --- GC/MS analysis --- antimicrobial activity --- Staphylococcus aureus --- Pseudomonas aeruginosa --- Propionibacterium acnes --- Candida albicans --- Malassezia furfur --- lamb --- carvacrol --- monensin --- meat tenderness --- TBARS --- essential oil --- genetic --- RAPD --- thyme --- Thymus quinquecostatus --- Thymus vulgaris --- Penicillium rubens --- growth inhibition --- RNA microarray --- gene expression --- metabolic pathway analysis --- Ferula --- GC --- chemometrics --- antioxidant activity --- Acinetobacter baumannii --- MDR --- biofilm --- antimicrobial --- Pimenta --- Myrtaceae --- wound infection --- eugenol --- 1,8-cineole --- GC/MS --- Salmonella --- Origanum vulgare --- ciprofloxacin --- poultry farms --- pig farms --- Staphylococcus spp. --- human semen --- antimicrobial resistance --- rosewood --- linalool --- marine bacteria --- ABTS --- Trypanosoma cruzi --- cytotoxicity --- nitrite --- nitric oxide --- antifungal activity --- nanoencapsulation --- poly(ε-caprolactone) --- Thymus capitatus --- Satureja montana --- Lavandula angustifolia --- Lavandula intermedia --- Origanum hirtum --- Monarda didyma --- Monarda fistulosa --- Alternaria alternata --- cucurbits --- Cymbopogon citratus --- GC-MS --- Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum --- n/a

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Essential oils extracted by the distillation or hydrodistillation of aromatic plants are a complex mixture of volatile compounds with several biological activities. Their efficacy as antimicrobial agents is related to the activity of several natural compounds belonging to different chemical families that can act both in synergy with each other and with other antibiotics. The antibiotic resistance detected among pathogens has been quickly increasing in recent years, and the control of some of these microorganisms is becoming a planetary emergency for human and animal health. The control of the microbial growth is a problem of great importance also for the food industry (food deterioration and shelf life extension) and for the world of cultural heritage (indoor and outdoor phenomena of biodeterioration). Essential oils can play an important role in this scenario, due their recognized broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Therefore, the main subject of this Special Issue includes an essential oil-based approach to control microrganisms in areas such as human and veterinary medicine, entomology, food industry and agriculture. In addition, the chemical composition of essential oils from endemic and rare medicinal/aromatic plants, nanoformulations of essential oils, applications in human and veterinary medicine and its use as animal feeding supplements are topics covered in this Special Issue

Technology: general issues --- extracellular polymeric substance matrix --- cellulose synthesis --- enzyme inhibition --- essential oils --- Boswellia sacra --- frankincense essential oil --- GC/MS analysis --- antimicrobial activity --- Staphylococcus aureus --- Pseudomonas aeruginosa --- Propionibacterium acnes --- Candida albicans --- Malassezia furfur --- lamb --- carvacrol --- monensin --- meat tenderness --- TBARS --- essential oil --- genetic --- RAPD --- thyme --- Thymus quinquecostatus --- Thymus vulgaris --- Penicillium rubens --- growth inhibition --- RNA microarray --- gene expression --- metabolic pathway analysis --- Ferula --- GC --- chemometrics --- antioxidant activity --- Acinetobacter baumannii --- MDR --- biofilm --- antimicrobial --- Pimenta --- Myrtaceae --- wound infection --- eugenol --- 1,8-cineole --- GC/MS --- Salmonella --- Origanum vulgare --- ciprofloxacin --- poultry farms --- pig farms --- Staphylococcus spp. --- human semen --- antimicrobial resistance --- rosewood --- linalool --- marine bacteria --- ABTS --- Trypanosoma cruzi --- cytotoxicity --- nitrite --- nitric oxide --- antifungal activity --- nanoencapsulation --- poly(ε-caprolactone) --- Thymus capitatus --- Satureja montana --- Lavandula angustifolia --- Lavandula intermedia --- Origanum hirtum --- Monarda didyma --- Monarda fistulosa --- Alternaria alternata --- cucurbits --- Cymbopogon citratus --- GC-MS --- Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum --- extracellular polymeric substance matrix --- cellulose synthesis --- enzyme inhibition --- essential oils --- Boswellia sacra --- frankincense essential oil --- GC/MS analysis --- antimicrobial activity --- Staphylococcus aureus --- Pseudomonas aeruginosa --- Propionibacterium acnes --- Candida albicans --- Malassezia furfur --- lamb --- carvacrol --- monensin --- meat tenderness --- TBARS --- essential oil --- genetic --- RAPD --- thyme --- Thymus quinquecostatus --- Thymus vulgaris --- Penicillium rubens --- growth inhibition --- RNA microarray --- gene expression --- metabolic pathway analysis --- Ferula --- GC --- chemometrics --- antioxidant activity --- Acinetobacter baumannii --- MDR --- biofilm --- antimicrobial --- Pimenta --- Myrtaceae --- wound infection --- eugenol --- 1,8-cineole --- GC/MS --- Salmonella --- Origanum vulgare --- ciprofloxacin --- poultry farms --- pig farms --- Staphylococcus spp. --- human semen --- antimicrobial resistance --- rosewood --- linalool --- marine bacteria --- ABTS --- Trypanosoma cruzi --- cytotoxicity --- nitrite --- nitric oxide --- antifungal activity --- nanoencapsulation --- poly(ε-caprolactone) --- Thymus capitatus --- Satureja montana --- Lavandula angustifolia --- Lavandula intermedia --- Origanum hirtum --- Monarda didyma --- Monarda fistulosa --- Alternaria alternata --- cucurbits --- Cymbopogon citratus --- GC-MS --- Stagonosporopsis cucurbitacearum

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Matthew's Gospel reveals little about the three wealthy visitors said to have presented gifts to the infant Jesus. Yet hundreds of generations of Christians have embellished that image of the Three Kings or Magi for a myriad of social and political as well as spiritual purposes. Here Richard Trexler closely examines how this story has been interpreted and used throughout the centuries. Biblically, the Journey of the Magi presents a positive image of worldly power, depicting the faithful in progress toward their God and conveying the importance of the gift-giving laity as legitimators of their deity. With this in mind, Trexler explains in particular how Western societies have molded the story to describe and augment their own power--before the infant God and among themselves.The author demonstrates how the magi as a group functioned in Christian society. For example, magi plays, processions, and images taught people how to pray and behave in reverential contexts; they featured monarchs and heads of republics who enacted the roles of the magi to legitimate their rule; and they constrained native Americans to fall in line behind the magi to instill in them loyalty toward the European world order. However, Trexler also shows these philosopher-kings as competitive among each other, as were groups of different ages, races, and genders in society at large. Originally modeled on representations of the Roman triumphs, the magi have reached the present day as street children wearing crowns of cardboard, proving again the universality of the image for constructing, reinforcing, and even challenging a social hierarchy.Originally published in 1997.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Magi --- Mages --- Cult --- History --- Culte --- Histoire --- History. --- 225*13 --- -Three Kings (Magi) --- Three Wise Men (Magi) --- Wise Men (Magi) --- Epiphany --- Kindsheidevangeliën. Verborgen leven van Jezus --- -History --- -Kindsheidevangeliën. Verborgen leven van Jezus --- 225*13 Kindsheidevangeliën. Verborgen leven van Jezus --- -225*13 Kindsheidevangeliën. Verborgen leven van Jezus --- Three Kings (Magi) --- Cult&delete& --- Magi - Cult - History. --- A.D. (miniseries). --- Adoration. --- Adventus (ceremony). --- Alcuin. --- Ancien Régime. --- Apostolic succession. --- Archbishop of Cologne. --- Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore. --- Basilica. --- Biblical Magi. --- Book of hours. --- Boy bishop. --- Breviary. --- Charivari. --- Chi Rho. --- Christendom. --- Christian republic. --- Christianity. --- Christogram. --- Clement of Alexandria. --- Clergy. --- Confraternity. --- Consecration. --- Counter-Reformation. --- Crusades. --- Curate. --- Dieu. --- Early modern Europe. --- Early modern period. --- Egbert. --- Einhard. --- Evocation. --- Franciscans. --- Frankincense. --- Friar. --- Galerius. --- Henricus. --- Hermeticism. --- Herodian. --- Iconography. --- Imitation of Christ. --- Jacques Callot. --- Jahangir. --- Jan Steen. --- John of Hildesheim. --- John the Evangelist. --- Journey of the Magi. --- Judea. --- Labarum. --- Lactantius. --- Leitmotif. --- Litany. --- Liturgical drama. --- Liutprand of Cremona. --- Lord of the World. --- Magi. --- Major orders. --- Middle Ages. --- Missionary. --- Mithra. --- Mitla. --- Myrrh. --- Narcissism. --- Nativity play. --- Nativity scene. --- New Thought. --- Nicholas of Lyra. --- Offertory. --- Old Testament. --- Orosius. --- Ottonian art. --- Peter Chrysologus. --- Petrarch. --- Pietas. --- Pontiff. --- Pope Gregory VII. --- Pope Leo III. --- Pope. --- Prelate. --- Presbyter. --- Prester John. --- Procession. --- Pseudepigrapha. --- Reincarnation. --- Religion. --- Renaissance Papacy. --- Rite. --- Roland Barthes. --- Society of Jesus. --- Subdeacon. --- Tertullian. --- The Monastery. --- Thomas the Apostle. --- Toltec. --- Transvestism. --- Usury. --- Utrecht Psalter. --- Vestment. --- Wonders of the World. --- Zoroaster.